基于有限元法的含凹陷油气管道应变分析

为对含凹陷的油气管道进行更合理的完整性评价,采用有限元法模拟管道在承受外部岩石挤压时的应变分布,讨论凹陷深度、管道壁厚和挤压体大小等参数对应变的影响.结果表明：在相同条件下,最大等效应变随凹陷深度增大而增大;在同样深度条件下,管壁较厚处的凹陷最大等效应变较大;挤压体半径越大,凹陷的轮廓越光滑,应变集中程度越小;管材等级对等效应变的影响很小.该方法和结论可用于改进凹陷评价方法和风险排序.     

面向油气勘探开发服务的信息安全体系建设

现代化的油气勘探开发需要依托先进的信息技术来进行有力的支撑,对信息系统的依赖程度不断增强,对系统的安全稳定性要求越来越高。本文从建立信息安全管理体系和技术防护体系两个方面阐述了如何建设面向勘探开发服务的信息安全体系。确保油气勘探开发业务系统能够安全、可靠、稳定的运行。     

Selection of knowledge acquisition techniques based upon the problem domain characteristics of production and operations management expert systems

The application of expert systems to various problem domains in business has grown steadily since their introduction. Regardless of the chosen method of development, the most commonly cited problems in developing these systems are the unavailability of both the experts and knowledge engineers and difficulties with the process of acquiring knowledge from domain experts. Within the field of artificial intelligence, this has been called the 'knowledge acquisition' problem and has been identified as the greatest bottleneck in the expert system development process. Simply stated, the problem is how to acquire the specific knowledge for a well-defined problem domain efficiently from one or more experts and represent it in the appropriate computer format. Given the 'paradox of expertise', the experts have often proceduralized their knowledge to the point that they have difficulty in explaining exactly what they know and how they know it. However, empirical research in the field of expert systems reveals that certain knowledge acquisition techniques are significantly more efficient than others in helping to extract certain types of knowledge within specific problem domains. In this paper we present a mapping between these empirical studies and a generic taxonomy of expert system problem domains. In so doing, certain knowledge acquisition techniques can be prescribed based on the problem domain characteristics. With the production and operations management (P/OM) field as the pilot area for the current study, we first examine the range of problem domains and suggest a mapping of P/OM tasks to a generic taxonomy of problem domains. We then describe the most prominent knowledge acquisition techniques. Based on the examination of the existing empirical knowledge acquisition research, we present how the empirical work can be used to provide guidance to developers of expert systems in the field of P/OM.     

有毒有害可燃气体监测仪表软件设计中的几个关键细节

有毒、有害、可燃气体监测仪表在安全生产领域占有非常重要的地位。笔者以集体的长期实践经验为基础,总结了这类仪表硬、软件的一般结构;重点介绍了在软件设计中关于零点和精度处理的几个关键细节。最后还交代这些方法的参考意义。