金属镁热还原B_2O_3制备无定形硼粉的热力学分析

利用金属Mg热还原B2O3的方法制备无定形硼粉,通过DSC-TG和XRD方法分析了B2O3-Mg体系的反应过程,DSC和XRD结果表明:体系发生的主反应为B2O3(l)+3Mg(l)=2B(s)+3MgO(s),起始温度Tin为870℃,当温度达到920℃后,体系中会发生副反应而生成杂质相;除了少量的不溶物FeB49、MgB6、Mg2SiO4和金属Mg外,燃烧产物主要以MgxB2O(x+1)(x=2,3)相和元素B的形式存在;硼粉的Raman光谱表明制备的硼粉为无定形态。计算了在不同摩尔配比nB2O3/nMg条件下体系不同的绝热温度Tad。结果表明:只有当B2O3的过量系数γ小于1.102时,该反应才能以自蔓延的方式进行并维持,Tad的值随γ的增大而降低。     

Mg2B2O5w/AZ91D镁基复合材料的界面结构及其形成机理

采用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对萃取Mg2B2O5w的物相、表面元素化学状态变化及Mg2B2O5w/AZ91D复合材料界面反应产物进行了研究.结果表明:Mg2B2O5w/AZ91D界面处存在厚度不均匀的MgO和MgB2相界面层;MgO的形成主要与复合材料制备过程中晶须表面上的吸附氧有关,而界面产物MgB2则应来源于Mg2B2O5w分解产物B2O3与基体中Mg的反应;Mg2B2O5w、MgO和MgB2之间通常没有确定的晶体学位相关系,但在特定Mg2B2O5w表面观察到(202)Mg2B2O5w//(002)MgO,[010]Mg2B2O5//[110]MgO和(002)MgO//(0001)MgB2,[110]MgO//[2110]MgB2取向关系.     

高活性无定形硼粉的制备及表征(英文)

采用高能球磨-燃烧合成法制备高活性无定形纳米硼粉。考察球磨转速、球磨时间等因素对无定形硼粉结晶度、微观形貌以及反应活性等性能的影响。结果表明:无定形纳米硼粉结晶度只有22.5%,纯度达92.86%;高能球磨预处理显著细化了硼粉粒径,平均粒径在50 nm以下,比表面积达70.03 m2/g。当透射电子束照射到试样时,试样快速熔化。由试样熔化痕迹可看出无定形硼粉单体颗粒粒径小于30 nm,说明试样具有极高的反应活性。     

含硼铁精矿还原过程中硼矿物的热力学行为

依据广泛应用的同族化合物线性递变规律,通过拟合钙、镁化合物生成反应标准吉布斯自由能之间的线性关系,由不同温度条件下Ca3(BO3)2和Ca2B2O5生成反应的标准吉布斯自由能求得相应温度条件下Mg3(BO3)2和Mg2B2O5生成反应的标准吉布斯自由能,进而基于化学反应的标准吉布斯自由能与温度之间的近似线性关系,推导Mg3(BO3)2和Mg2B2O5生成反应标准吉布斯自由能,并通过试验进行了验证与探讨。热力学计算及XRD物相分析结果表明:在还原焙烧过程中,含硼铁精矿中的硼镁石(Mg2[B2O4(OH)](OH))分解为遂安石(Mg2B2O5),遂安石进一步与蛇纹石的分解产物镁橄榄石或顽火辉石反应最终转变成小藤石(Mg3(BO3)2)。     

TiB2合成反应机理的优势区相图分析

随着碳热还原反应的进行,B2O3被C还原生成B2O2,B2O2进一步被碳还原生成B4C.碳热还原TiO2和B2O3合成TiB2的反应机理如下在1200～1300℃温度下,TiO2被C还原成中间产物Ti3O5;在1250～1300℃温度范围,B2O3被C还原生成中间气相产物B2O2;当还原反应温度达到1300℃以上时,中间产物Ti3O5与B2O2一起被C还原生成TiB2.     

多级还原制备钛粉的初级还原机制与配镁量作用规律

目前,Kroll法仍是金属钛生产的唯一工业化方法,新开发的电解法和金属热还原法均处于研究阶段。本文针对多级还原制备钛粉进行了初级还原阶段还原机制与配镁量作用规律的研究。通过分析及结果验证,提高配镁量可促进反应进行的动力学,有利于TiO₂还原程度的提升并抑制镁杂质残留,镁在初级还原过程中多以流体形式包裹在二氧化钛颗粒表面进行传质形成多相微球,钛氧化物则受高温作用发生烧结形成孔隙网络结构的产物形貌。在考虑镁的利用率及实际深度还原产物品质的基础上,实验确定化学计量比为最佳配料比。该配比的初级还原产物氧含量可达16.04wt%,比表面积和中位粒度分别为1.76m^₂/g和 34.39μm,制备的钛粉O、Mg含量分别为0.274wt%和0.010wt%。     

多级深度还原法制备Ti6Al4V合金粉体机理的研究

本文对多级深度还原法制备Ti6Al4V合金粉体过程中的镁热自蔓延反应机理进行了探究。使用XRD，SEM，ICP以及激光粒度分析仪对产物进行了表征。结果表明:Al和V元素会固溶进入Ti基体中使其衍射峰向高角度偏移；“预烧结-还原-烧结”和“还原-烧结”两种反应模式是造成产物形貌差异的主要原因；自蔓延产物的体积平均经D[4.3]和体系的燃烧温度正相关；残留的Mg主要以MgTiO3和MgAl2O4等复合物的形式存在。使用金属Ca进行深度还原可以将最终产物中的Mg和O含量分别降低至0.01wt.%和0.24wt.%。     

CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须增强镁基复合材料界面结构研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须改善了晶须增强镁基复合材料的界面。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜对CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须和镁基复合材料分别进行物相分析、形貌观察和界面结构分析。结果表明:CuO成功地涂覆在了Mg2B2O5晶须上,CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须增强镁基复合材料的界面相为MgCu2和MgO相,来源于CuO和基体的界面反应产物;基体析出相MgZn2在晶须两侧平行生长,在特定位置和晶须具有一定的晶体学位向关系:[001]Mg2B2O5[5143]MgZn2和(100)Mg2B2O5(0111)MgZn2;CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须增强镁基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了37.6%和35.7%。     

硼铝合金粉制备及其氧化燃烧特性

以硼粉和纳米铝粉为原料,烧结制备了主要由铝和AlB2两相构成的硼铝合金粉.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、氧弹量热仪和同步热分析仪,观察了粉体形貌,分析了粉体相组成及其对燃烧热值和热氧化特性的影响.结果表明:硼铝合金粉中的AlB2含量随烧结温度的升高而增大,硼铝合金粉的实测燃烧热值和燃烧效率均高于无定形硼粉.当硼粉、铝粉混...     

多级深度还原法直接制备钛粉

针对传统钙、镁等金属热还原TiO_2制备金属钛粉过程存在的效率低、脱氧不彻底的技术瓶颈,基于TiO_2分步还原的热力学平衡特点,结合镁钙电负性差异,提出了多级深度还原法直接制备钛单质的工艺:即TiO_2先镁热自蔓延一次还原得到一次还原产物,然后将一次还原产物进行钙热深度还原制备还原钛粉。采用对比研究法,考察了TiO_2镁热还原和钙热还原的热力学及动力学差异;考察了镁热一次还原过程中TiO_2机制与还原程度,以及一次还原产物不同深度还原模式下脱氧机制。结果表明:一次还原产物先酸浸预除杂,然后进行钙热深度还原更利于彻底脱氧,最终制备出氧含量仅为0.21%(质量分数),纯度99.0%可以商用的钛粉。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。