基于竖直圆管空气-水两相流实验的相间曳力模型研究

研究两相流相间阻力特性对系统程序关键本构模型封闭具有重要意义。本文基于竖直圆管开展了空气-水两相流实验,采用四探头电导探针对空泡份额、气泡弦长和界面面积浓度等气泡参数的径向分布进行了测量。结果表明空泡份额和气泡弦长呈现“核峰型”分布,而界面面积浓度并没有表现出随流速的单调关系。进一步开发了泡状流和弹状流的相间曳力模型,考虑了液相表观流速与管径对气泡尺寸分布的影响,建立了临界韦伯数与不同液相流速的关系。计算得到的空泡份额和界面面积浓度与实验数据整体符合较好,验证了模型的可靠性,为两相流相间阻力特性研究提供参考意义。     

Pb/B4C/BPR复合材料的线膨胀系数与力学性能

铅/碳化硼/硼酚醛树脂(Pb/B4C/BPR)是一种新型屏蔽复合材料,具有较好的耐高温性能,在辐射屏蔽领域有重要应用。本文系统研究了该复合材料中Pb粉添加量（体积分数）、Pb粉粒径、Pb粉表面处理(SiO₂包覆)对其线膨胀系数和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：Pb粉添加量为36%、粒径为38 μm时,复合材料具有最小的线膨胀系数与优异的综合力学性能;Pb粉表面包覆适量的SiO₂可有效减小Pb粉颗粒和B₄C颗粒之间的密度差异,不仅显著降低了复合材料的线膨胀系数,还提高了其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击韧性,但Pb粉表面包覆过多SiO₂将导致复合材料的线膨胀系数增加,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击韧性降低。     

γ射线预辐照聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐制备木塑复合材料

采用马来酸酐与经γ射线辐照过的聚丙烯进行接枝来制备界面相容剂,用于提高木粉与聚丙烯的相容性,改善木塑复合材的性能.将烘干、筛分好的木粉与界面相容剂进行混合,用双螺杆挤出机将其制成板,通过扫描电子显微镜观察和材料力学性能测试表明,相容剂的加入明显地提高了木粉与聚丙烯基质之间的相容性,并且使木塑复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度...     

过冷沸腾通道内截面汽泡平均直径预测模型研究

通道内截面汽泡平均直径是计算两相流相间界面传递方程以及计算汽液相界面浓度的重要参数。综合考虑过冷沸腾工况下汽泡动力学、两相热力学以及汽泡聚合效应对通道内汽泡尺寸的影响,提出过冷沸腾通道内截面汽泡平均直径预测模型。将该模型与实验数据进行比较,预测值与实验值偏差±12.5%。     

γ射线辐照改善PBAT增韧的麦秸粉/PBS复合材料性能

以聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate),PBAT)为增韧材料,利用熔融共混复合技术,制备了生物可降解的麦秸粉/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(Poly(butylene succinate),PBS)-PBAT复合材料,并对其进行辐照交联。考察PBAT质量分数和~(60)Coγ射线辐照不同吸收剂量对麦秸粉/PBS-PBAT复合材料的热学性能、力学性能和凝胶量的影响。结果表明:当PBAT的质量分数为30%时,麦秸粉/PBS-PBAT复合材料的冲击强度提高了13%;随吸收剂量的增大,麦秸粉/PBS-PBAT复合材料的力学性能和凝胶含量均得到了提高。麦秸粉/PBS-PBAT复合材料经~(60)Coγ射线辐照后,完全热分解温度达到550°C,提高了约50°C。     

特征工艺尺寸对CMOS SRAM抗单粒子翻转性能的影响

采用TCAD工艺模拟工具按照等比例缩小规则构建了从亚微米到超深亚微米级7种不同特征尺寸的MOS晶体管,计算了由这些晶体管组成的静态随机存储器(SRAM)单粒子翻转的临界电荷Qcrit、LET阈值(LETth),建立了LETth与临界电荷之间的解析关系,研究了特征工艺尺寸对CMOS SRAM抗单粒子翻转性能的影响及原因。研究表明:随着特征尺寸的减小,SRAM单元单粒子翻转的临界电荷减小,电荷收集效率由于寄生双极晶体管效应而增加,造成LETth随特征尺寸缩小而迅速减小,CMOS SRAM抗单粒子翻转性能迅速降低。     

在酚醛/乙醇溶液中利用γ射线共辐照改性碳纤维表面性能的研究

辐射加工技术以其高效、节能和环保等特点,在改性材料界面上已经得到广泛应用。本文利用γ射线共辐照接枝技术,在酚醛／乙醇溶液中对碳纤维表面进行处理。对辐照处理前后的碳纤维,分别利用X射线光电子能谱定性和定量分析表面化学元素及官能团组成;原子力显微镜观察碳纤维单丝表面形貌的变化;用扫描电子显微镜观察碳纤维表面复合材料层间剪切断口;通过层间剪切强度表征碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,并在30kGy吸收剂量下(剂量率4．8kGy／h),比较了不同浓度的接枝液对层间剪切强度的影响。结果表明,γ射线引发酚醛能够在碳纤维表面发生接枝反应,处理后碳纤维表面形貌有明显变化,能够有效地增加碳纤维表面O／C值和含氧官能团数量,提高其复合材料的界面强度。     

SiC添加量对真空烧结SiC/Zr复合材料显微组织及性能的影响

以SiC粉和ZrH₂粉为原料,用真空烧结法制备SiC/Zr复合材料。研究了SiC添加量对SiC/Zr复合材料显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明:未添加SiC时,材料为致密的Zr金属烧结体,但材料硬度和耐腐蚀性能相对较差;添加SiC后,SiC与Zr发生界面反应生成ZrC和Zr₂Si,SiC和基体Zr通过界面层紧密结合,与未添加SiC的试样相比,材料的致密度有所下降,但硬度和耐腐蚀性能均得到提升;随着SiC添加量的增加,试样的生坯致密度和烧结致密度降低,而组织中的第二相增多,烧结试样的硬度值先增大后减小,其中含15%SiC的烧结试样硬度值最大,耐腐蚀性能随SiC添加量的增加而提高。      

先进复合材料-电子束固化新应用

先进复合材料是由环氧树脂为基体相、高级合成纤维为增强相构成,具有高比强度和比模量,质轻,抗疲劳,耐腐蚀,尺寸稳定性等特点,在航天航空、国防军工、高压容器、汽车、运动器材等方面得到广泛应用.用电子束固化取代热固化具有安全、节能、环保等优点.本工作介绍先进复合材料电子束固化工艺优点、先进复合材料性能和国内外发展状况.     

松弛型双压力两流体模型及算法的研究进展

准确的两相流模型是核反应堆安全分析的重要基础。当前主流核反应堆热工水力程序所采用的经典两流体六方程模型存在不适定的问题。有效的解决方法是恢复汽液两相压力非平衡并增加体积输运微分方程，形成双压力七方程模型。此外为描述相间界面的多维运动现象引入松弛项，提出松弛型双压力模型的概念。本文阐述了针对轻水堆松弛型双压力模型的建立方法，探讨了相间界面压力松弛和速度松弛过程的处理方法及意义，梳理了两相流动相间界面的计算方法，并介绍了模型的数值求解方法。文中通过特征值分析验证了得到的松弛型双压力七方程模型绝对适定，可以解决原有单压力模型不适定的问题。本文总结现有研究，分析松弛型双压力两相流模型的未来发展方向，为后续研究提供理论参考。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.