非均匀采样信号小波分析误差控制方法

标准的小波分析方法中,信号的低频能量和高频能量不能人为控制,因此在利用低频分量近似原信号时,在一些陡峭变化区域会存在较大偏差。针对这一问题,本文首先分析了小波分解各子带能量与采样频率的关系,发现增加采样频率可以降低高频能量,并给出了部分证明。以此为基础,提出了非均匀采样信号小波分析误差控制方法,考虑到小波分解的高频能量和低频能量存在互补关系,算法利用高频系数作为低频表示误差的判断指标,对误差超限位置处的数据增加采样,然后对修正后的数据进行低频分解;该方法使低频能量可根据误差门限人为进行调整。重构是分解的逆过程,可完全无误的恢复原始信号。实验表明算法对小波分析低频表示误差具有很好的控制能力。      

基于相似数据的人工神经网络短期风速预测模型

提出基于相似数据并结合小波分析的数据预处理模型,并运用基于反向传播(BP)神经网络风速预测模型预测风速。该方法从大量的历史数据样本中提取相似数据创建训练样本,采用小波分解将风速信号分解成低频趋势信号和高频随机信号,采用BP神经网络建模,合成得到风速预测数据。通过某风电场的实际风速数据验证结果表明,相似数据有效地提高了数据的相关度,小波分解使BP神经网络模型更好地拟合风速信号的低频和高频特性,提高了预测精度。     

基于自适应噪声完备经验模态分解的Φ-OTDR信号去噪算法

针对相位敏感光时域反射仪(Φ-OTDR)信号信噪比较低的问题,提出了一种基于自适应噪声完备经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)的小波信息熵阈值去噪算法。该算法配合CEEMDAN分解,通过小波信息熵阈值去噪,提取扰动位置的高频信息,从而提高系统的信噪比。首先,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波算法对不同光脉冲间的信号进行预处理;其次,采用CEEMDAN将滑动差分后单个脉冲内信号分解为不同的固有模态函数(IMF),并利用连续均方误差准则确定含噪较多的高频IMF分量;然后,采用小波信息熵阈值去噪算法对以上高频IMF分量进行阈值去噪处理;最后,将其与低频IMF分量以及残差分量进行重构。采用自行研制的相干Φ-OTDR系统实测数据进行了验证,结果表明,文中算法与两种传统去噪算法相比,信噪比提升了3dB,这对于系统的实际应用具有重要意义。     

基于VDM和小波阈值的语音降噪方法研究

针对带噪声的语音信号,提出了基于变分模态分解（VMD）和小波阈值相结合的去噪方法。首先,采用VMD对带噪声道信号进行分解,从而得到分解后的固有模态（IMFs）信号;然后,引入T检验对各IMFs分量进行低频和高频区分,对其中的高频分量用小波阈值进行噪声滤除;最后,对将低频IMFs分量和滤波后的高频IMFs分量进行重构,从而得到降噪后的具有较高信噪比的语音信号。通过实验验证,本方法与EMD和小波阈值联合算法相比,具有更好的去噪性能,具有一定的实用价值。     

空分复用弹性光网络多链路故障快速识别研究

随着空分复用弹性光网络规模的不断扩大,链路故障发生率持续增加,提出空分复用弹性光网络多链路故障快速识别方法。利用小波包分解方法将空分复用弹性光网络多链路信号分为高频和低频部分,使用Mallat算法快速重构链路信号,提取小波包能量谱特征和故障复合特征。根据特征提取结果采用改进贝叶斯算法对多链路故障进行定位,将定位结果输入到BP网络模式分类器中,完成多链路故障快速识别。实验结果表明,所提方法的故障定位时间最低仅为3.21 s,故障识别成功率在96%以上,故障误识率变化相对稳定,综合性能较为优越。     

结合图像特征比的红外与可见光图像融合算法

针对现有图像融合算法得到的融合图像清晰度不高以及边缘模糊等问题,提出了一种结合图像特征比的红外与可见光的图像融合算法,通过小波变换将图像进行分解,并通过计算低频分量中空间频率比与能量比,来对低频分量中的有效信号进行保留,而对高频分量则是通过边缘检测算法计算出高频分量中的边缘信号比,来对高频分量的边缘信号进行保留;实验结果表,该算法能够得到相比其他算法更为清晰的融合图像,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于双树复小波变换的红外小目标检测算法

双树复小波分析是一种有效的图像处理方法,但是将其直接应用于红外小目标检测时,由于其对图像中的高频信息特别敏感,无法在保留目标的同时有效地滤除噪声。论文充分利用双树复小波方法方向性好的优点,并针对其高频敏感问题,提出了一种基于双树复小波变换与图像熵的红外小目标检测算法,从而能够有效去除图像中的杂波,同时凸显出小目标。该算法首先对原始图像进行双树复小波分解,将其低频子带置零,并利用高频子带进行双树复小波重构;接着,对重构后的图像进行二次双树复小波分解,并采用改进的Top-Hat算子对分解后的低频子带进行滤波,同时保留分解后±15°方向的子带,并通过高通滤波对其进行处理;之后,将滤波后的低频子带图像与原低频子带图像进行差分,得到低频差分图像;最后,利用低频差分图像与滤波后的高频子带图像进行红外图像重构,并通过局部图像熵进行加权,从而提取出红外小目标。实验结果表明,与对比算法相比,本文算法在BSF与SCRG方面表现优越,可以有效抑制背景中的杂波并提高小目标的信杂比。     

一种基于提升小波变换的图像融合新算法

提出了一种基于提升小波变换的图像融合新算法.该算法对多源图像进行提升小波分解,并针对分解后的低频和高频分量各自的特点,选用不同的规则进行融合,即低频近似系数采用基于邻域空问频率加一致性检验,高频细节系数采用基于像素点的绝对值取最大,最后进行提升小波逆变换得到融合图像.实验结果表明,当采用空闻频率误差比率和平均梯度作为客观评价标准,该算法具有良好的融合效果.     

基于提升小波变换的红外图像双重滤波算法

为了有效抑制红外图像中的随机噪声,采用一种基于提升小波变换的双重滤波算法来进行处理。该算法对含有噪声的红外图像实现第1次提升小波分解,然后对获得的低频和高频分解系数再次实现提升小波变换,舍弃由低频系数经过第2次提升小波变换后获得的低频系数以及由高频系数经过第2次提升小波变换后获得的高频系数。对剩余的高频系数和低频系数分别采用改进阈值函数模型以及改进非局部均值滤波算法进行处理,在此基础上实现小波系数重构。为了改善滤波后图像视觉效果,再引入直方图均衡化算法进行处理。通过理论分析和实验验证,获得了相关的标准测试图像和红外图像测试结果以及峰值信噪比和结构相似度测试数据。结果表明,该滤算法对于高质量地去除红外图像中的噪声是有帮助的。     

基于分形维数的语音信息隐藏方法

通过研究语音信号分形维数的特点,提出一种在语音信号小波变换低频系数的DCT域实现信息隐藏的方法,该方法首先对原始语音进行一级小波分解,计算高频系数的分形维数,在对应帧的低频系数中嵌入秘密信息。秘密信息的嵌入位置和个数利用小波变换高频系数的分形维数决定,嵌入和提取采用查量化表的方法。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性和嵌入效率。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks