搅拌摩擦焊AA7075-T651铝合金接头的疲劳裂纹扩展(英文)

研究12 mm厚AA7075-T651铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。从搅拌摩擦焊接头以及母材中截取试样,对试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展实验。对搅拌摩擦焊接头以及母材的横向拉伸性能进行评估。用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析焊接接头的显微组织。用扫描电镜观察试样的断裂表面。与母材相比,焊接接头的ΔKcr降低了10×10-3 MPa·m1/2。搅拌摩擦焊AA7075-T651接头的疲劳寿命明显低于母材的,其原因可归结于焊缝区的析出相在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的溶解。     

Corrosion susceptibility of peened friction stir welded 7075 aluminum alloy joints

Effects of surface treatment techniques like laser and shot peening on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of friction stir welded (FSW) 7075 aluminum alloy joints were investigated. This study had two parts; the first part investigated the peening effects on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility in FSW samples by slow strain rate testing in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The second part of the study investigated the effects of peening on corrosion while submerged in a 3.5% NaCl solution with no external loads applied. No signs of corrosion pitting or SCC were evident on any of the tensile samples during the slow strain rate testing. The FSW plates exposed in 3.5% NaCl solution for 60 days were inspected periodically for signs of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in the areas expected to have residual stresses due to welding. Pitting corrosion was seen on the samples, but even after 60 day exposure no stress corrosion cracking was detected on any of the peened or unpeened samples.     

Hybrid modelling of 7449-T7 aluminium alloy friction stir welded joints

Abstract

Many finite element models use adjustable parameters that control the heat loss to the backing bar, as well as the heat input to the weld. In this paper, we describe a method for determining these parameters with a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) coupled thermal flow process model of the friction stir welding process. The method successfully determined temperature dependent boundary condition parameters for a series of friction stir welds in 3·2 mm thick 7449 aluminium alloy. The success of the technique depended on the method used to input thermal data into the ANN and the ANN topology. Using this technique to obtain the adjustable parameters of a model is more efficient than the conventional trial and error approach, especially where complex boundary conditions are implemented.     

6061-T6/7075-T6异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

利用搅拌摩擦焊实现了2 mm厚7075-T6/6061-T6异种铝合金连接,并对材料放置位置和转速对接头成形与组织性能的影响进行了分析. 结果表明,7075-T6铝合金置于前进侧时更有利于焊接过程中材料的迁移行为,焊缝成形及接头性能更优.当焊接速度为150 mm/min、转速为1 000 r/min时,可获得内部无明显缺陷、外观良好的异种铝合金接头;相较于母材,热力影响区的小角度晶界含量增加,焊核区发生动态再结晶,小角度晶界转化为大角度晶界;接头拉伸性能随转速的增加,呈现先增加后减小的趋势.接头的平均抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到231 MPa和4.0%. 接头的断裂位置位于6061侧焊核区,与接头硬度最小位置相吻合.     

6005A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的晶间腐蚀行为

对6005A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的晶间腐蚀行为进行了研究.结果表明,母材的晶间腐蚀倾向最大,热影响区(HAZ)次之,焊核区(NZ)和热力影响区(TMAZ)的晶间腐蚀倾向最低.结合场发射扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜分析解释了接头不同区域的腐蚀行为:母材的晶间腐蚀是两组微电池效应的结果,即晶界析出相/沉淀无析出带(PFZ)和铝基体/PFZ;HAZ内晶界析出相的数量的减少、间距的变大及晶内Q'相的析出显著改善了该区的晶间腐蚀性,但晶内Q'相的析出也引起了点蚀的发生;NZ和TMAZ内绝大部分的合金元素固溶于基体,抑制了晶间腐蚀的发生.     

2195-T8铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能

对8 mm厚度2195铝锂合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊平板对接焊试验,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察分析了焊接接头的显微组织和断口形貌特征,并对接头常温、低温拉伸性能和显微硬度进行了测试。结果表明,接头整体上宽下窄,呈V字形,由焊核区、热力影响区、热影响区和轴肩影响区组成;-196 ℃条件下,接头抗拉强度及断后伸长率分别达到母材的71.8%,53.8%;焊件的硬度分布形貌均呈W状,其中焊核区微观硬度最高,热影响区微观硬度最低;接头断裂位置均位于热影响区附近,断裂特征属于典型的韧性断裂。     

2219铝合金双主轴回抽式搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能分析

采用双主轴回抽式搅拌摩擦焊对2219铝合金板进行了焊接,分析了接头的微观组织和力学性能,探讨了搅拌针回抽速度对接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝平稳段上层试样断裂于前进侧热力影响区,靠近热影响区;平稳段下层试样断裂于焊缝中心的搅拌针端部搅动区;而回抽段焊缝断裂于后退侧热影响区,靠近热力影响区.焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材的70％,断后伸长率为80％以上;当回抽速度为6 mm/min时,断后伸长率最高.硬度最低值位于热力影响区和热影响区交界处.     

Microstructure and properties of friction stir welded aluminium alloys

Aluminium alloy 7136 belongs to the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu group of aluminium alloys strengthened by precipitation. These alloys offer very good properties, i.e. high strength combined with good corrosion resistance, which makes them suitable for aerospace applications. The limited range of applications of these alloys is due to problems associated with their welding. The Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys are classified as non-weldable. The aim of this study was to determine the quality and properties of friction stir welded (FSW) joints of alloy 7136-T76. This article presents the results of a detailed study into the microstructure and mechanical properties of FSW welds. The paper demonstrates that the FSW method is suitable for joining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. The FSW joints are of good quality and high mechanical properties. Tests of joints created at various tool rotation speeds have shown that joints of suitable quality, in terms of microstructure and properties, can be obtained for a relatively wide range of process parameters. The tool rotation speeds applied during the welding process did not have a significant influence on the quality of the welds.     

7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头在拉伸过程中的裂纹扩展行为

对厚度为6 mm的7075铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)平板对接试验,利用MTS微控电子万能试验机对接头进行不同应变率下平板拉伸试验。分别使用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)对接头断裂路径两侧的微观组织和断口形貌进行观察。在此基础上,使用透射电镜(TEM)对接头起裂源处的沉淀相形貌进行观察,研究应变率对接头断裂行为的影响。研究结果表明,随着应变率的增加,接头屈服强度与屈强比略有增大,不同应变率下的微裂纹均形核于接头底部母材(BM)与热影响区(HAZ)交界处。相比于椭圆状AlCuMg沉淀相和胶囊状Al2CuMg沉淀相,接头中棒状MgZn2沉淀相对微裂纹形核起关键作用。应变率较低时,裂纹在扩展过程中发生偏转;随着应变率的增加,接头裂纹走向平直,接头塑性降低,与加载方向的裂纹扩展角减小,断裂方式由以韧窝聚合型断裂为主转变为以剪切断裂为主。     

铝合金浮动式双轴肩FSW接头组织性能分析

对12 mm厚6082-T6铝合金浮动式双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织及力学性能进行了分析研究.结果表明,焊核区发生了动态再结晶和沉淀相溶解,热影响区晶粒和沉淀相粗化;沿焊缝横截面硬度的分布呈高-低-高-低-高的W形分布趋势,且接头沿厚度方向上、中、下层硬度分布趋势较为一致,硬度最低值出现在热影响区;断口形貌分析表明,接头断裂模式为韧-脆混合型断裂;主轴旋转频率600 r/min,焊接速度为300 mm/min,搅拌头倾角为0°时,接头抗拉强度达到了231 MPa,可达母材的79%.     

Microstructure,static and fatigue properties of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloy using a modified tool

ABSTRACT

Defect-free joints were produced in 2.0?mm thick 7075-T6 Al alloy by refill friction stir spot welding using a modified tool. Weld performance was evaluated in terms of microstructure, interfacial bonding, hardness, static and fatigue strength based on the experimental observations. The results indicated that grain size, interfacial bonding quality and lap shear strength significantly depend on sleeve penetration depth (SPD), with sufficient interfacial bonding and stable lap shear strength achieved when SPD?≥?1.8?mm. The SPD and applied load played a dominant role in determining the static lap shear and fatigue failure mechanisms, respectively. More precisely, the lap shear failure mode was an interfacial failure when SPD?≤?1.8?mm, and nugget pullout when SPD?≥?2.0?mm. The fatigue fracture mode involved nugget pullout under high applied load, while fracture through the parent sheet occurs under medium and lower applied loads.     

7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊构件时效成形性能

为评价7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊构件的可时效成形性,基于机械加载时效成形试验,对比研究了时效温度为180℃时不同时效时间下的T型搅拌摩擦焊构件和非焊构件的时效成形规律。结果表明,T型搅拌摩擦焊工艺的存在对7075铝合金构件时效成形回弹率有显著影响,有利于构件的成形,且随着时效时间的延长,构件回弹率呈现先减小后增大的趋势,时效时间为12 h时回弹率达到最小值。时效成形过程对焊接构件拉伸性能有一定影响,但受焊接接头不均匀特征的影响,时效成形后构件的拉伸性能低于非焊构件,接头焊缝前进侧为其薄弱区。     

6063铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头组织性能研究

进行了3 mm厚6063-T4铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接。结果表明,当搅拌头转速为600 r/min,焊速在100～300 mm/min的范围内,可获得表面成形美观、内部无缺陷的优质接头。在接头搅拌区内,上、中、下各层硬度分布较为均匀,在热机影响区及热影响区内,上、下层硬度值高于中间层。热机影响区靠近搅拌区的位置以及热机影响区与热影响区的交界处为接头的两个薄弱位置。随着焊接速度的增加,接头各区域硬度值以及抗拉强度有着先增大后减小的趋势,所得最优接头抗拉强度为174 MPa,达到母材的87%,断裂位置位于热影响区。     

6061铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与耐蚀性

采用搅拌摩擦焊对30 mm厚的6061铝合金进行了双面对接焊,分别采用金相显微镜、显微硬度仪和电化学工作站对焊接接头的组织、硬度和耐蚀性能进行观察、测量和研究。金相观察显示,双面搅拌摩擦焊焊缝前进侧与母材有明显的分界,后退侧分界模糊;焊核区呈均匀细小的等轴晶。硬度测试表明,搅拌摩擦焊接接头硬度呈“W”形特征分布,硬度最低值出现在前进侧热影响区。腐蚀试验表明,双面焊焊核重叠区腐蚀电流(2.396 3×10-5A/cm2)较大,一旦开始腐蚀,腐蚀速度很快,耐腐蚀能力相对较差。     

35mm厚板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊双面焊工艺,对35 mm厚板6005A-T6铝合金型材进行了搅拌摩擦焊接,获得成形良好、表面光滑、无隧道孔和沟槽缺陷的焊接接头.应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度仪及电子拉伸试验机等对搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能进行研究.结果表明,接头焊核区组织为细小等轴晶;前进侧出现明显的螺旋纹及清晰的结合线,热力影响区晶粒被明显拉长呈条状组织,热影响区受热晶粒粗大;后退侧未见螺旋纹,晶粒比前进侧细小,过渡区较前进侧宽.在搅拌头旋转频率为650 r/min,焊接速度为200 mm/min工艺条件下接头抗拉强度为213 MPa,达到母材强度的84.8%,断裂起始于焊缝前进侧的热影响区,扩展至双面焊接重合区时,沿着焊缝后退侧热影响区直至断裂;接头显微硬度最低值出现在前进侧热影响区,最低值为50 HV.     

6082-T6铝合金无减薄搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

为解决传统搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的焊缝减薄问题,以轨道交通领域常用的6082-T6铝合金作为研究对象,从轴肩下压量为零的角度出发,通过轴肩端面圆形内凹槽及搅拌针周向螺纹复合三铣平面的设计,获得了无减薄且成形良好的焊接接头. 结果表明,当焊接速度一定时,转速的增加可提高焊接热输入,抑制焊缝缺陷的产生. 相较于转速400, 600 r/min下的接头可焊区间得到了有效拓宽,焊接速度最高可达400 mm/min;焊接过程的热循环受焊接速度与转速的耦合作用. 焊接热循环过大,焊缝易出现粗大组织,影响焊接接头的强度. 在转速600 r/min、焊接速度500 mm/min的参数下,接头抗拉强度达254 MPa,为母材强度的80%.