吴起油田注气混相驱油的研究与分析

提高原油的采收率在油田的开发利用过程中是一个永久的话题,它贯穿在油田的开发过程中。注气的方式提高的采收率是一种的应用的相当好的提高的采收率方法,因为的注气效果的受到的很多的油藏条件的限制,所以在注气的之前的将注气候选的油藏的筛选与评价,是注气的能否的成功关键。     

浅谈高等学校的财务管理

教育的快速发展使得全国的高校不断的增多,对于高校的管理是教育部门的日常工作之一,而其中的财务管理具有着十分重要的意义,对高校的发展具有举足轻重的作用,良好的财务管理的体系有助于提高各大高等院校的办学效率和运营效率。研究主要分析了高校的财务管理包括的主要内容、目前的现状和存在的问题以及提高高校的财务管理的主要策略,希望对高校的财务管理提供一定的积极帮助。     

盾构联系测量

盾构的测量,是一个比较精细的过程,对盾构进行联系的测量,是想提高盾构的测量的精确度,同时也是施工的时候的必要的过程,测量的精确度,测量工具的使用,都?是在盾构的测量的时候的重点。本文就是基于对盾构的结构的分析,对测量的工具和测量的技术进行优化,从而提高测量的精确度。     

屋面防水建筑施工技术探究

在建筑的施工中,我们一直在强调建筑的质量的提高,保证建筑的质量和性能的保证,需要对建筑的施工的技术进行改善。作为建筑施工的主要的构架,施工的技术关系到了施工的质量和施工的效率。我们需要提高施工的技术,本文就主要研究了在施工的时候出现的主要的为他,分析出现这些问题的原因,并提出了改进防水的施工技术的方法。     

论石油化工设备防火措施

石油化学工业的不断发展,使之成为在国民经济的发展中它可谓是我国的支柱产业之一,在农业的发展、能源的发展、交通业的发展、还有电子机械等各方面的发展中,它都有着无可厚非的作用,同时为人民的生活也提供了服务与方便。但是当我们看到这些璀璨光辉的业绩的时候,我们也不得不考虑它的负面的影响,石油化工产业是一个十分危险的产业,一不小心引发的各种安全问题造成的人民的健康伤害还有财产安全问题是我们所不容忽视的,尤其是爆炸还有火灾,都有着巨大的破坏力,如何有效的预防,减少甚至说可以杜绝这种情况的出现,是每一个人所希望的,也是我们必须做的,本文通过一些常见的化工安全隐患还有引发的原因来探讨如何的有效的预防火灾和爆炸的出现。     

浅析公路路基施工工艺中的质量控制要点

公路的施工在现在面临的挑战是非常大的,主要是来自于车辆的行车速度在不断的提升,而且车辆的负荷也在增加,与是同时,车辆的数量也在逐渐的增多,这些因素都给公路的路基和路面带来了很大的影响。目前,公路的路基和路面的质量也在不断的提高,作为公路工程的基础,路基的质量会直接影响公路的使用效果,所以在进行公路施工的时候要对公路的路基的质量进行严格的控制。     

自动化仪器仪表在油田生产节能中的应用

伴随着科学技术的进步,对于工业生产来说,仪器仪表的自动化是发展的趋势,而且仪器仪表的自动化的普及程度在现在来说,是逐渐的增高的。在石油行业之中,自动化的仪器仪表的作用是非常大的,对于节省人力、物力,提升石油行业的工作效率有着明显的效果,但是对于自动化仪器仪表如果进行大量的布置,也会有一定的问题出现,主要的在于会损耗大量的能源,不能够满足我们国家的环保节能的总体的发展的要求。所以,要想对于油田进行长足的发展,就应该在环保节能的仪器仪表的研究方面加强投入,创新出更加合理、科学的建设、装配方案,不仅仅要满足油田的生产的要求,还应该达到环保、节能生产的目标。     

浅析公路路基施工工艺中的质量控制要点

公路的施工在现在面临的挑战是非常大的,主要是来自于车辆的行车速度在不断的提升,而且车辆的负荷也在增加,与是同时,车辆的数量也在逐渐的增多,这些因素都给公路的路基和路面带来了很大的影响。目前,公路的路基和路面的质量也在不断的提高,作为公路工程的基础,路基的质量会直接影响公路的使用效果,所以在进行公路施工的时候要对公路的路基的质量进行严格的控制。     

关于对水平井冲砂技术的研究与应用

随着我国科技水平的不断发展和石油工业的快速进步,我国的油田开采技术水平不断提高,油井技术的应用也越来越广泛。在这些力量的推动下,水平井的技术也是更上了大的台阶。常规的水平井修井的作业技术相对于普通的油井作业会有很大的不同,这主要是因为水平井的井身的特殊性,它的井段开始处是一段斜段,随之是很长的水平段,这就使得整个井筒的轴线是不规则的,因此对于水平井的修井施工作业会相应的复杂,技术应用也会存在一定的要求。本文就是从水平井的冲砂技术出发,对水平井冲砂技术的现状、水平井冲砂工艺的特点以及施工作业的设计应用进行简单的介绍。     

气体钻井施工存在问题及对策措施探究

随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步,使得世界能源的消耗总量不断的增加,市场能源的供需矛盾不断的激化。因而如何提升油气田的开采工艺技术的科技含量与油田实际的开采水平越来越备受关注,引发了许多人对这一技术领域的研究与探讨。而油气田的钻井作业目前也被纳入了高投入的行业,随着开采规模的扩大,钻井技术存在的问题越来越明显,尤其是气体钻井技术造成了钻井施工难度的增加,严重影响了油气田开发的进程。给整个油气田的生产带来严重的影响,影响了整个采油企业的社会经济效益的提高和企业的形象的建立。气体钻井的实际应用情况如何,其存在的问题有哪些,如何采取有效的措施来避免和解决存在的这些难题。通过对实际的生产情况进行分析,在分析的基础上对症下药,从而有效地解决问题。以期了解气体钻井的现状及存在的问题,通过掌握气体钻井解决的有效措施为实际中的油气田的钻井开采提供借鉴和指导,有效提高钻井施工的质量,提高企业的社会经济效益,促进钻井技术的整体水平。     

Preparation and surface-active properties of the sodium soaps,mono- and diethanolamides and diol and triol sulfates of cycloaliphatic C21 Di- and C22 Tricarboxylic acids

Cycloaliphatic C₂₁ di- and C₂₂ tricarboxylic acids were prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO) fatty acids (containing 48% conjugated and 42% nonconjugated dienes) with acrylic and fumaric acids, respectively. The reaction temperature, time, catalyst concentration, and mole ratio of reactants were varied to get maximum yields of the di- and tricarboxylic acids. The unreacted DCO fatty acids were removed from the products by partition between aqueous methanol and n-hexane. The products were converted to methyl esters and characterized as the substituted cyclohexene derivatives before and after dehydrogenation with Pd/C in xylene, hydrogenation with Pd/C in decalin and oxidation with periodate-permanganate reagent and by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The acids were converted to sodium soaps, mono- and diethanolamides and the corresponding diol and triol sulfates, and the resulting products were evaluated for their surface-active properties. The sodium soaps showed better calcium tolerance and poorer foaming power than sodium oleate. The diethanolamides were inferior to lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting and emulsifying power. The monoethanolamides were better than the respective diethanolamides and lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting property. The diol and triol sulfates were poorer in wetting and emulsifying ability and better in calcium tolerance than sodium lauryl sulfate.     

民用工业中复合材料桁架的应用和发展

本文叙述了复合材料桁架的构造、分类和计算方法,突出了复合材料桁架的优越性能和在民用工业中的应用前景;在分析大量文献资料的基础上阐述复合材料桁架杆件的多种加工工艺,并比较不同截面形式对杆件性能的影响;探讨复合材料杆件的破坏机理和分析方法,介绍节点的类型和各自的特点,提出节点及连接部位存在的关键问题;根据国内外复合材料桁架的研究和应用现状,阐述了复合材料桁架的性能和不同的设计方法,总结归纳影响复合材料桁架性能的关键因素和设计中存在的一些问题,并提出改进杆件设计、节点设计和优化复合材料桁架的建议。     

熟料岩相试样制作方法及典型岩相特征的形成原因

熟料的岩相分析有助于熟料质量的判断及生产过程控制调整。根据多年实践经验,总结了手工和机械磨制岩相试样的方法及注意事项,并对几种熟料岩相特征(孔洞、游离氧化钙、A矿包裹B矿和f-Ca O、晶体尺寸不均和矿巢)进行了举例和形成原因分析。     

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Preservation Method on Functionality of Soy Protein

The effects of extraction temperature and preservation method on the functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were determined. Four extraction temperatures (25, 40, 60, and 80 °C) were used to produce SPI and yields of solids and protein contents were determined. Three preservation methods were also tested (spray-drying, freeze-drying, and freezing–thawing) and compared to fresh (undried) samples for each extraction temperature. No differences in yields of solids and protein were observed among SPIs extracted at 25, 40, and 60 °C; however, SPI extracted at 80 °C yielded significantly less solids and protein. Extraction temperature significantly affected SPI functionality. As extraction temperature increased, solubility and emulsification capacity decreased; surface hydrophobicities, emulsification activities and stabilities, and dynamic viscosities increased; and foaming properties improved. Preservation method also significantly affected SPI functionality. Drying method did not affect the denaturation enthalpies of SPIs, but spray-dried SPIs had higher solubilities, surface hydrophobicities, and emulsification stabilities, and lower viscosities, emulsification activities and rates of foaming than freeze-dried SPI exhibited. Emulsification and foaming capacities and foaming stabilities were similar for both methods of drying. There was significant interaction between extraction temperature and preservation method for all functional properties except emulsification capacity.     

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers’ demands while searching for ‘clean label’ food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes’ ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes’ incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.     

Role of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) carbohydrates in resistance to budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis)

The current year's growth of Douglas fir contains galactose, unusual in that this carbohydrate makes up 78.7% of the total carbohydrate fraction. An agar diet study was undertaken to determine the effects of galactose, other carbohydrates, and terpenes on western spruce budworm larval mortality, growth rate, and adult biomas production. All concentrations of the carbohydrates and terpenes tested, as well as other mineral elements not tested, were typical of the current year's foliage of Douglas fir. In experiment I, the diet containing 5.61% total carbohydrate did not significantly affect larval mortality when compared to the control diet. However, diets containing 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrate concentrations significantly increased larval mortality 64% and 96.1%, respectively, when compared to the control. Also in experiment I, terpenes alone (78.9% morality) and terpenes in combination with 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrates significantly increased larval mortality (97.2% and 100%, respectively) when compared to mortality on the control diet (44%). To determine which carbohydrate was causing the adverse effect, 6% glucose, 6% fructose, and 6% galactose were placed individually and in combination with terpenes in diets in experiment II. The 6% galactose diet significantly increased larval mortality and reduced growth rate when compared to the control, glucose, and fructose diets. Glucose resulted in 16% less larval mortality, significantly enhanced female larval growth rate and pupal weight, but did not affect male larval growth rate and pupal weight, when compared to the control. Fructose resulted in a significant decrease in larval mortality and a general trend of enhanced female and male larval growth rate and pupal weight. Larval mortality on terpenes alone was not significantly different from the control, but terpenes with 6% galactose increased larval mortality and decreased female and male growth rate and pupal weight significantly when compared to glucose-terpene and fructose-terpene diets. No significant interactions were found between carbohydrates and terpenes in either experiment.     

COMBINED INNOVATIVE HEAT PUMP DRYING TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW COLD EXTRUSION TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCTION OF INSTANT FOODS

There is an increased demand for convenient foods including ready-to-eat and instant products. These products are desired with minimum concentration of synthetic chemicals. This creates challenges for the food industry and dryers manufactures to develop new technologies to process difficult-sensitive materials and to supply final products with high quality and improved properties. Fruits and vegetables are mainly composed of water, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Due to modification of chemical and physical bonds the compounds the material becomes viscous and sticky during processing. Conventional dryers have limitations in handling such sensitive materials. Heat pump dryers have been applied in the production of a diversity of ready-to-eat foods and dried instant products for the last five years at SINTEF-NTNU. Besides being energetically efficient and environmentally friendly, the heat pump drying technology provides a wide range of drying conditions as required to produce powders with improved characteristics. This work describes the new technologies and processing line for the production of instant foods as well as the measurements on the properties and quality attributes for raw, intermediate and final instant products.     

Environment and colour: The technological interface

Technology and colour are viewed as interfaces between the environment, humans and human activity. Examples are provided of ways of facilitating and improving access to and use of colours by commercial users of colour coatings through improvements in the accuracy of measuring and displaying colour. By analogy, the task of providing effective interfaces within the coatings industry, between the coatings industry and the environment and between the coatings industry and the public and political domain are discussed. Examples of information shortfalls are cited to illustrate how distortions arise. Examples of more effective, integrated technological, organisational and political interfacing are culled from the author's experiences.     

毒死蜱、联苯菊酯在室内和室外土壤中的消解动态及土壤化学屏障研究

[目的]探讨毒死蜱和联苯菊酯在室内外土壤中的消解动态,并预测2种农药作为土壤化学屏障防治白蚁的有效期。[方法]采用气相色谱法测定不同时期土壤中毒死蜱和联苯菊酯的残留量并采用土壤穿透法测定2种农药在土壤中的生物活性。[结果]毒死蜱在室内和室外的半衰期分别为51.3、39.5 d,联苯菊酯在室内和室外的半衰期分别为31.3、44.5 d。毒死蜱和联苯菊酯抗白蚁穿透的最低有效质量分数分别为6.15、5.78 mg/kg,并结合消解动态方程预测出毒死蜱和联苯菊酯作为土壤化学屏障中有效成分的有效期在室内分别为195、29.1 d,在室外则分别为158.4、56.1 d。[结论]得到的白蚁防治有效期结果较好,为白蚁的化学防治提供理论依据。     

工业纯锆产品的性能和应用

1前言锆(Zirconium)的元素符号为Zr,位于元素周期表中第IV-B族元素,银白色金属。它具有熔点高、密度适中、良好的强度和塑性匹配,而且热中子吸收