镭污染土壤比活度的快速模拟计算

以镭污染的低、高比活度的土壤样品为例,通过样品的226Ra比活度与贯穿辐射剂量率的相关性试验,得到样品贯穿辐射剂量率与其226Ra比活度之间关系的经验公式,从而快速模拟计算出镭污染土壤的比活度,满足退役治理工程的需要。     

Natural Radioactivity in Polish Coal Mines: An Attempt to Assess the Trend of Radium Release into the Environment

The highly mineralised formation waters in the coal mines of Poland’s Upper Silesian Coal Basin contain natural radioactive nuclides, mostly radium. The ²²⁶Ra concentration in the groundwater that flows into the underground mine workings reaches 390 Bq/L, and is sometimes exceeded by the ²²⁸Ra concentration. The radium-bearing water sometimes also contain barium ions, which enables coprecipitation of barium-radium sulphate. Another type of radium-bearing water contains sulphate ions instead of barium; in this case, radium is transported to settling ponds and downstream. We have assessed the daily activity of radium in waters flowing into the underground mines and being discharged to the environment. Based on 1995 data, we estimate that the total activity of radium isotopes flowing into the mines was about 1300 MBq/day, while the radium activity in the discharge waters was about 700 MBq/day. A similar assessment performed with 2016 data indicated that the total activity in inflows was roughly 1150 MBq/day, while that discharged to surface waters was about 450 MBq/day.

     

水力冲孔强化增透松软低透突出煤层效果分析

以罗卜安煤矿为研究背景,在预抽煤层瓦斯前,采用水力冲孔措施对煤层进行增透。为了分析水力冲孔对松软低透突出煤层的增透效果,特对水力冲孔前后钻孔瓦斯涌出特征、煤层透气性系数和钻孔抽放有效影响半径的差异性进行了对比研究,结果表明:水力冲孔后钻孔初始瓦斯涌出量提高了6倍,百米极限瓦斯流量提高了46倍,钻孔瓦斯涌出衰减系数降低了85%,煤层的透气性系数提高了53.48倍,钻孔抽放有效影响半径提高了2～3倍。     

几种材料吸附镭的行为探讨

本文综合文献论述及工作经验，对几种材料吸附镭的行为进行了探讨。     

Radionuclide Contamination of Surface Waters, Sediments, and Soil Caused by Coal Mining Activities in the ruhr District (Germany)

Abstract.   The discharge of highly mineralised mine waters with enhanced ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra activity concentrations has affected creeks, rivers, sediments, soils, and plants along the Lippe River and its tributaries. ²²⁶Ra activity concentrations were elevated in all water samples receiving mine water, with activity concentrations gradually decreasing with increased distance from the colliery due to dilution and chemical precipitation of radium with barium. Increased concentrations of radium and radium decay products were also measured in sediments and flood-affected soils. The sediments show an enrichment of ²²⁶Ra up to a factor of 750, while the contaminated soils only reach a factor of 10. In aquatic plants, a 4-fold increase in ²²⁶Ra activity concentrations was measured downstream of the discharge points. The contamination of the river banks and adjacent floodplain with radium is responsible for enhanced gamma dose rates, which, along with the incorporation of soil by playing children, provide potential radiation exposure to the public.     

赣、粤、湘地区部分硬岩型铀矿山辐射环境污染及治理现状

分析了我国江西、广东和湖南三省几个典型硬岩型铀矿山氡及其子体造成的大气污染,铀、钍、镭等放射性和锰、铬、锌、硫酸根等非放射性水质污染,及废石堆、尾矿库、露天采场废墟等固体辐射环境污染,并阐述了对上述各类污染的治理现状及效果。     

越流补给群孔抽水试验的含水层参数计算及应用

抽水试验求解含水层参数时一般采用Theis公式或由公式推导的各类图解法,但这些方法没有考虑特定边界条件和各抽水井之间的相互影响。针对此类方法的不足,根据越流补给条件,结合势场叠加原理,提出了上层越流补给条件下群孔抽水试验渗透系数的计算公式。在某地浸矿山东部待采矿区的抽水试验中进行了验证,利用该公式计算出的含矿含水层的渗透系数平均值为5.1 m/d。利用该渗透系数确定了待采矿区定流量抽水时井径与水位降深的函数关系式,计算得到的各观测孔降深与实测值基本一致,误差在0.7%~6%,验证了该渗透系数公式的可行性,并提出最优井径在0.2~0.3 m之间,为矿山基建提供参考。     

三种测镭方法的比较研究

本文对测量镭的射气-闪烁室法、内闪法、总镭α-计数法做了较全面、具体的对比分析。     

Tables of Contents

Table of Contents

Tables of Contents     

Radium Leaching from Settling Ponds of Coal Deposits

An analysis is performed for the investigations into environmental contamination by radioactive wastes in coal mining. The basic types of waste waters and sediments are revealed. The possibility is established for the transition of radium and its isotopes from the solid phase to the liquid phase.     

柱状药包爆破冲击波作用区域的理论计算

运用冲击波理论, 讨论了柱状药包爆破时冲击波对炮孔的扩腔作用和形成的压碎圈大小, 分析结果表明, 影响压碎圈半径的主要因素是炮孔尺寸、炸药性质和岩石性质, 冲击波的扩腔作用主要与炮孔直径和压缩圈半径有关。     

用坑道污水配制铀矿石堆浸淋浸剂的实践

铀矿山坑道污水含有铀、镭、钍、钋等放射性核素，外排前必须加以处理。用坑道污水直接配制堆浸淋浸剂，不仅解决了污水处理问题，还提高了堆浸铀的提取率。     

浅谈企业管理中的人际关系

人际关系是人们在生产、生活中形成的一种约束关系。人际关系对搞好企业管理至关重要,正确地应用人际关系是一个企业领导者应当掌握的领导艺术。     

炮孔柱状装药爆破时岩石破碎和破裂的理论探讨

运用爆炸冲击波理论并假定冲击波波阵面后岩石介质不可压缩, 探讨了岩石炮孔柱状装药爆破时粉碎区的形成并推导了粉碎区半径、爆腔半径、裂隙区半径的计算公式。同时提出了爆炸波作用下岩石中压坏区的概念, 分析了压坏区形成机理并计算了压坏区半径。研究结果表明:岩石中激起的冲击波强度越高、岩石的可压缩性越强, 造成岩石的破坏程度和破坏范围也就越大。     

七四三矿水冶厂二期尾矿坝废水处理工程改造─—氯化钡沉淀法取代软锰矿吸附法除镭

本文阐述了七四三矿水冶厂二期尾矿坝废水除镭工程从软锰矿吸附法成功地改造为氯化钡沉淀法的过程及工业试验结果。     

An Overview of Priority Pollutants in Selected Coal Mine Discharges in Europe

Coal mine discharges in several European countries were investigated as part of the European Commission’s MANAGER project. The emphasis of the project was identification of priority pollutants and potential remedial approaches. The main identified priority pollutants were sulphate (all countries) and iron (all countries except Greece). High concentrations of chloride (particularly in Germany and Poland) were associated with discharge of saline mine waters linked to the presence of fossil sea water; these mine waters also had high boron concentrations, in contrast to chloride-rich waters in UK that are linked to recent sea water inflow. Concentrations of trace metals vary among countries, but radium is an important contaminant in barium-rich waters with low sulphate concentrations, essentially in Poland. Concentrations of trace metals and metalloids were generally low because of their relative scarcity in coal strata and adsorption onto ferric oxides and hydroxides, but they still often exceeded the environmental quality thresholds.

     

直接测铀及有效平衡系数的研究

本文阐明了在输矿皮带上进行γ能谱试验的目的、原理、试验装置及测试方法。由于采用铀、氡含量与它们的高低两个γ谱段的二元线性回归分析方法求得仪器转换系数,不仅快速给出有效平衡系数,而且也解决了在铀、镭不平衡状态下直接测铀的重大难题。     

钻扩一体化技术在石门揭煤工作中的应用

突出矿井石门揭煤过程中最易引发煤与瓦斯突出事故,而目前石门揭煤工作中防治煤与瓦斯突出的主要措施是穿层钻孔预抽煤层瓦斯,但低透气性煤层中单一采取这一措施难以达到理想的消突效果。钻扩一体化水力扩孔技术,能有效增加煤层透气性和抽采钻孔有效影响半径,辅以严封孔、高负压抽采措施,快速实现抽采达标,保证揭煤安全。     

七四一矿水冶厂尾矿库外排废水处理工艺研究

本文阐述了用氯化钡－石灰沉淀法从七四一矿水冶厂尾矿库外排废水中去除镭、锰等超标元素的试验结果。处理后镭、锰含量分别小于１．１１Ｂｑ／Ｌ、２ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ值为６－９，达到了国家规定的排放标准。     

基于随机森林的回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测模型

正确预测回采工作面瓦斯涌出量,对于煤炭企业安全生产具有重要意义。通过引入数据挖掘中的随机森林算法,构建了回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测模型,研究表明该模型具有较好的预测效果。