业主设计师设计

现代人对于居住环境的需求已经从"生存意识"进展到更高层次的"环境意识",而这之间的转化离不开设计师的设计,本文就当前家居装饰中业主、设计师、设计之间存在的一些问题进行了分析,针对业主提出了重视设计,信赖设计师并与其保持良好的沟通和合作的观点。     

壳聚糖澄清芦荟、葡萄、枣、姜复合汁

用壳聚糖为澄清剂,对芦荟、葡萄、大枣、大姜复合汁进行澄清试验.研究壳聚糖用量、温度、澄清时间、pH等工艺条件与复合汁透光率的关系.通过正交试验筛选出壳聚糖澄清该复合汁的最佳工艺条件为:壳聚糖用量0.3g/L、温度40 ℃,pH 6、反应时间30 min.澄清后,果汁透光率达98%,由此可见,壳聚糖是一种良好的芦荟、葡萄、大枣、大姜复合汁澄清剂.     

Surface area and the seabed area, volume, depth, slope, and topographic variation for the world's seas, oceans, and countries

Depth and topography directly and indirectly influence most ocean environmental conditions, including light penetration and photosynthesis, sedimentation, current movements and stratification, and thus temperature and oxygen gradients. These parameters are thus likely to influence species distribution patterns and productivity in the oceans. They may be considered the foundation for any standardized classification of ocean ecosystems and important correlates of metrics of biodiversity (e.g., species richness and composition, fisheries). While statistics on ocean depth and topography are often quoted, how they were derived is rarely cited, and unless calculated using the same spatial resolution the resulting statistics will not be strictly comparable. We provide such statistics using the best available resolution (1-min) global bathymetry, and open source digital maps of the world's seas and oceans and countries' Exclusive Economic Zones, using a standardized methodology. We created a terrain map and calculated sea surface and seabed area, volume, and mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum, of both depth and slope. All the source data and our database are freely available online. We found that although the ocean is flat, and up to 71% of the area has a < 1 degree slope. It had over 1 million approximately circular features that may be seamounts or sea-hills as well as prominent mountain ranges or ridges. However, currently available global data significantly underestimate seabed slopes. The 1-min data set used here predicts there are 68,669 seamounts compared to the 30,314 previously predicted using the same method but lower spatial resolution data. The ocean volume exceeds 1.3 billion km(3) (or 1.3 sextillion liters), and sea surface and seabed areas over 354 million km(2). We propose the coefficient of variation of slope as an index of topographic heterogeneity. Future studies may improve on this database, for example by using a more detailed bathymetry, and in situ measured data. The database could be used to classify ocean features, such as abyssal plains, ridges, and slopes, and thus provide the basis for a standards based classification of ocean topography.     

Cadmium, mercury, iron, copper, manganese and zinc in the liver and kidney of the Icelandic lamb

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of cadmium, mercury, iron, copper, manganese and zinc in lamb liver and kidney from six areas in Iceland and to compare the results against aerial deposition data for the same elements obtained using moss as an indicator organism. The total number of samples was 96 for each organ. Cadmium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, mercury by coldvapour atomic absorption, and iron, copper, manganese and zinc by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. Analysis of variance determined significance differences among means for areas, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to study correlation among trace elements in liver and kidney. The mean fresh weight concentrations in lamb liver and kidney respectively were 0.045 and 0.058mg kg -1 for cadmium, 0.009 and 0.012mgkg -1 for mercury, 141 and 52.7mgkg -1 for iron, 28.1 and 2.89mgkg -1 for copper, 4.01 and 1.13mgkg -1 for manganese and 48.7 and 25.2mgkg -1 for zinc. Concentrations of cadmium, mercury and copper in the liver and kidney of the Icelandic lamb were low compared with data from other countries. Iron concentrations in the organs, however, were high. No sample exceeded 46% of the proposed maximum level for cadmium in organs for human consumption in the EC. Cadmium, mercury, iron and copper in the liver and kidney differed significantly between areas. Deposition of cadmium and copper in moss was not a useful indicator in the evaluation of the susceptibility of the Icelandic lamb to accumulation of cadmium and cop per. However, iron levels in Icelandic lamb liver showed the same pattern as results for iron from the moss study. The cadmium and mercury levels of organs from lambs grazing in the vicinity of Mount Hekla a few months after its eruption did not indicate a significant contamination from volcanic activity.     

A simplified method for the extraction of the metals Fe,Zn, Cu,Ni, Cd,Pb, Cr,Co and Mn from soils and sewage sludges

The method described for digestion of soil samples with aqua regia is simple, flexible and safe to operate with large sample throughout. At least nine metals can be determined in the resulting solutions with errors of <5%. The results compare favourably with those from reflux aqua regia and averaged 88% of the certified total values for reference soils and 88% of those for reference sewage sludges.     

Real-time PCR systems for the detection of the gluten-containing cereals wheat,spelt, kamut,rye, barley and oat

Real-time PCR assays, using TaqMan^® probes, were applied to detect the gluten-containing cereals. Homologues target sequences encoding high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin were chosen to detect wheat, kamut, spelt and rye. For detecting barley, the gene Hor3 was selected. For the detection of oat the gene encoding the 12S seed storage protein was chosen. Based on this sequence data, primer and probe sequences were generated for the real-time PCR. A plant specific primer probe system based on 18S rRNA gene was chosen to detect amplificability of the extracted nucleic acids. The specificity of the primer and probe systems was checked using different lines from different origins of the species to be detected. The HMW glutenin system is specific for the corresponding species, as are the systems for the barley Hor3 gene and the oat 12S seed storage protein. The sensitivity of the systems was determined testing different matrices. With the HMW glutenin system 2.5 mg/kg of wheat in vegetable food matrices and 5 mg/kg of wheat in meat products were detected. The oat and the barley specific systems resulted in a sensitivity of 10 mg/kg. The detection method showed a satisfactory ruggedness.     

珍珠之父 御木本幸吉

说到珍珠，有一个人的名字无法与其分离，那就是被世人誉为“珍珠之王”的日本珍珠养殖家御木本幸吉（Kokichi MIKIMOIO）先生，据说发明家爱迪生曾经说过，他无法发明的东西是钻石和珍珠，以此来夸赞御木本幸吉先生的成就，他不只是位发明家，也是位令人敬佩的企业家。     

看清形势，把握机遇，规范发展——从中国葡萄酒行业的现状谈有关葡萄酒的法制建设

随着2001年新年的钟声敲响，人类社会前进的航船已经驶入二十一世纪，中国人民进入了向现代化建设第三步战略目标迈进的新征程。中国葡萄酒50年的辉煌已成为历史，面临的是新世纪的机遇和挑战，特别是中国即将加入WTO，必将对中国葡萄酒行业产生巨大的影响，要使中国葡萄酒行业在世界贸易全球化的新世纪立于不败之地，就必须看清形势，把握机遇，规范发展。1 中国葡萄酒行业的生产、质量现状及存在的问题看清形势，就必须充分了解我国葡萄酒行业目前的发展、生产、质量等状况存在什么优势和问题，与世界葡萄酒行业的区别及差距。看清形势…     

Around the Sieve. Motif,Symbol, Hermeneutic

This article starts from the so-called sieve portraits of Queen Elizabeth I. What is the meaning of this fascinating attribute she is holding in her hand? How does this sieve relate both to her political and female identity? This brings me to a wider scope on sieves and sieving in art history and anthropology. Indeed, the sieve exhibits a wide range of symbolism that extends across art history, philosophy, ethnology, psychoanalysis, and gender studies. The article provides an interdisciplinary perspective on the sieve from three angles of approach: as motif (the sieve is an attribute), as symbol (the sieve is an image), and as hermeneutic (the sieve is a paradigm). Doing so, it will become clear that underneath the sieve the idea of textile, “textility” and texture is constantly resonating.     

Appetite,hunger, and satiety in the elderly

Food intake declines with age and the elderly frequently report a decrease in appetite. Social and physical factors as well as decreased energy expenditure may be part of the explanation for the decreased food intake; however, it is possible that changes in hunger mechanisms are also involved, but more studies similar to those conducted on thirst are needed. The consumption of a varied diet depends in part on sensory‐specific satiety, that is, the decrease in the pleasantness of a food as it is consumed. We have shown that sensory‐specific satiety changes with age such that it was absent in individuals over the age of 65 and this could be part of the explanation of why the elderly consume more monotonous diets. Additional basic studies on how aging affects the controls of food intake will suggest ways to improve the nutritional status of the elderly.