面向小倾角近圆低轨卫星的DBF波束指向角研究

研究了DBF开环跟踪过程中面向小倾角近圆低轨卫星的波束指向角问题,为避免采用数据拟合进行轨道预测出现的奇点问题,文中引入改进的第二类无奇点根数代替经典开普勒根数,将地心惯性坐标系下的卫星位置速度转化为瞬时轨道根数。采用最小二乘法拟合得到平均轨道根数,以此为参数计算出航天器和中继星的位置,并给出了DBF波束指向角的计算流程。仿真结果验证了文中算法的正确性和有效性。     

天基监视中的双星相对运动模型研究

以天基监视为背景,依据几何学原理和矢量计算工具,主要研究了双星相对运动模型。一方面,突破力学求解方式,采用一种区别于传统轨道根数的卫星轨道生成规则,可清晰直观地描述卫星轨道;另一方面,结合光电跟踪系统,研究了双星运动过程中的相对方向变化。通过对异面太阳同步圆轨和共面地球同步圆轨双星相对运动模型的仿真计算,获得了卫星轨道、相对距离、方位角、俯仰角、方位角速率、俯仰角速率的变化结果,分析结果证明了此方法的合理性,可为天基监视中的工作区域选择、卫星轨道设计、监视系统设计和捕获跟踪瞄准控制系统设计等物理问题和关键技术提供定性和半定量参考。     

空间目标管理中新目标的快速编目方法

在空间目标编目管理工作中,工作人员有时会对雷达通过扫描屏捕获的新目标进行重点关注,并希望尽快建立目标的精密轨道根数。文中基于相控阵雷达灵活的波束调度能力,结合空间目标轨道预报误差特性,提出了一种快速建立目标精密轨道根数的方法。该方法利用新目标初轨根数进行轨道预报,根据预报结果通过合理设置特殊拦截屏的方式来快速捕获目标并获取目标航迹,再通过精密轨道改进获得目标精密轨道参数。仿真分析验证了该方法的正确性及可行性。     

低轨卫星广播星历参数设计

导航增强卫星从高轨拓展到低轨(Low Earth Orbit,LEO),需要针对低轨卫星设计可靠的广播星历参数模型。传统的广播星历主要针对中高轨卫星设计,如果直接用于受摄动力更复杂的LEO卫星,星历拟合的URE精度难以达到要求。针对低轨卫星的受力特性,在ECEF坐标系内分别利用多项式和多项式+周期项2种方案来进行经验力(除地球扁率以外的摄动力)建模,设计了2种基于轨道列表型的16参数广播星历参数模型;将拟合时间设定为卫星的地面最大可见时间,以减少用户更新星历频率。300～1 500 km高度的轨道拟合实验表明,利用多项式+周期项建立经验力的16参数星历拟合精度更高,其R/T/N三个方向拟合误差分别优于10/10/3 cm,URE优于9 cm。     

参考系选择对广播星历拟合精度的影响

通过对MEO、IGSO、GEO三类导航卫星广播星历的开普勒轨道根数拟合法和拟合精度的分析研究，提出了简化GEO卫星星历拟合和用户算法的新方法，并根据不同卫星的星历拟合算例分析，得出以下主要结论：开普勒轨道根数拟合广播星历的方法，能很好吸收坐标变换过程中岁差、章动、极移、地球自转等因素对卫星星历拟合精度的影响，卫星广播星历拟合的楠度，主要取决于参数拟合采用的形式是否与卫星受到的摄动力表现形式相吻合．     

空间环境参数预报数据在轨控策略中的融合应用

轨迹网保持是在轨卫星生命周期管理中一项长期工作,空间环境变化会对轨道衰减情况产生影响。通过对某型卫星轨道数据和空间环境参数预报数据进行比较分析,利用求解经验公式的方法得出了轨道受空间环境影响变化的规律,使用控后时间点的空间环境预报数据为轨迹网保持策略提供了有效的方法依据,验证了空间环境预报数据与实测数据的相关性,并在一定程度上解决了空间环境对轨控效果的影响。     

基于卫星星历的时延变化研究

本文研究利用卫星星历中的轨道参数以及地面站的经纬度和高程,采用几何矢量法,建立了对各种轨道卫星具有通用性的卫星接收信号时延变化估计模型,分析了低轨、中轨和高轨卫星接收信号时延变化情况。仿真结果表明,本文建立的模型具有较好的适用性,为星地网同步缓冲器大小的设置以及星地同步的设计提供了参考依据。     

星载GPS低轨卫星几何法定轨坐标转换问题

详细论述了星载低轨卫星几何法定轨中所涉及的各种坐标转换问题，诸如WGS－84与J2000．0坐标及ITRF坐标的转换，由轨道位置求其轨道根数，以及轨道径向，切向和法向分量，并给出了具体的转换模式和转换参数。     

提高航天测量船定轨精度的途径

在“神舟”任务中,航天测量船的定轨精度直接影响着整个地面测控系统的完成质量。 在分析研究测量船误差源对近地近圆轨道确定影响的基础上,提出了提高海上定轨精度急需 解决的问题及研究方向,建立了测速数据的船姿船速修正模型,设计了自适应信息检测 算法,实现了测量船复杂误差的精确仿真并基于次序统计量研究了初轨根数的选优问题。这 些技术的应用使初轨计算半长轴外符合精度提高了3倍,为提高测量船定轨精度发挥了重 要作用。     

低轨电子侦察卫星地面站任务调度决策方法

卫星任务调度是卫星时空资源管理的重要内容之一,其目的在于为卫星地面站系统的任务计划编制提供科学的决策依据。基于低轨电子侦察卫星的运行轨道及侦察特点,建立其任务调度的约束规划模型并提供了该模型的求解方法,并通过仿真实验证明了该模型的合理性和有效性。     

机载低轨卫星通信发展及关键技术综述

卫星通信是保障机载平台远程飞行的主要通信手段。低轨卫星通信具有传输损耗小、传输时延短、卫星发射灵活、能全球覆盖等优点,已成为机载卫星通信领域的研究热点。梳理了国内外机载低轨卫星通信技术发展历程,开展了机载低轨卫星通信应用分析,重点从相控阵天线、信号同步、编码调制、接入与切换等方面阐述了机载低轨卫星通信需要解决的关键技术,探讨了机载低轨卫星通信发展趋势,可为机载低轨卫星通信系统建设应用提供借鉴。     

Interference considerations in frequency sharing between low earth orbit satellites and the geostationary fixed satellite and terrestrial service

Recently many companies and consortia have considered launching LEO satellites for such projects as remote sensing, transportation and mining operations. When the multiple low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are transmitting they can interfere with existing terrestrial microwave and satellite earth-stations in the fixed and mobile service. The interference problem is related to the number of proposed LEOs and the altitude and consequently the time to orbit the earth. These systems usually consist of many small satellites, and each satellite stays in the beam of a terrestrial station for up to 72 seconds in each 222 minute orbit. Earth coverage could be obtained by 48 (LEO) satellites 1500 km above the earth in polar orbit, and hence at least one LEO would always be interfering with terrestrial networks. A technical evaluation would then be required to determine the resultant BER (bit error rate) effecting existing terrestrial services. A determination can then be made to support such a LEO system or object via official channels such as the ITU.     

A flexible LEO satellite modem with Ka‐band RF frontend for a data relay satellite system

From a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite's perspective, a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite is visible on more than half of its orbit. Albeit the free‐space loss of an inter‐satellite link is much higher than the one of a direct ground link, considerable data rates and download volumes can be achieved. In this paper, we describe the system architecture of an integrated approach for a data relay satellite system and the development of LEO satellite and ground station modems. The approach allows serving several small and inexpensive LEO satellites at the same time both with low rate telemetry/telecommand links and with high rate download of sensor data.     

中低轨卫星跨层激光链路二次同步切换方法

中低轨卫星之间跨层激光链路的无缝切换直接决定了双层卫星光网络的稳定性.异步切换方法会导致网络拓扑频繁重构,而集中同步切换将造成两层间连接中断,网络运行状态失控.为此,本文提出了中低轨卫星星座激光链路的二次同步切换方法,在保证中低轨道卫星连通的基础上,可降低网络拓扑重构频率.研究了整数周期比的中轨道和低轨道卫星空间位置特性,建立了中低轨卫星星座构形二阶非球摄动模型,确定了中低轨道之间轨道周期比为3的双层卫星星座构形.按连接和切换顺序将该星座构形中跨层激光链路分为两组,以相对周期的1/4为基准,每次令其中一组同步切换,通过交替完成切换.研究结果表明,二次同步切换方法使得网络拓扑重构频率降低到链路切换频率的1/7,比集中切换方法在网络平均时延方面降低了30ms.     

Design study for a CDMA-based LEO satellite network: downlinksystem level parameters

The performance analysis of a new concept of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) based low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite network for mobile satellite communications is presented and discussed. The starting point was to analyze the feasibility of implementing multisatellite and multipath diversity reception in a CDMA network for LEO satellites. The results are used to specify the design parameters for a system experimental test bed. Due to the extremely high Doppler, which is characteristic of LEO satellites, code acquisition is significantly simplified by using a continuous wave (CW) pilot carrier for Doppler estimation and compensation. The basic elements for the analysis presented are: the channel model, the pilot carrier frequency estimation for Doppler compensation, and multipath and multisatellite diversity combining     

A distributed routing algorithm for datagram traffic in LEOsatellite networks

Satellite networks provide global coverage and support a wide range of services, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites provide short round-trip delays and are becoming increasingly important. One of the challenges in LEO satellite networks is the development of specialized and efficient routing algorithms. In this work, a datagram routing algorithm for LEO satellite networks is introduced. The algorithm generates minimum propagation delay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through simulations. The robustness issues of the algorithm are also discussed     

MLSR: a novel routing algorithm for multilayered satellite IPnetworks

Several IP-based routing algorithms have been developed for low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks in recent years. The performance of the satellite IP networks can be improved drastically if multiple satellite constellations are used in the architecture. A multilayered satellite IP network is introduced that consists of LEO, medium-Earth orbit (MEO) and geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites. A new multilayered satellite routing (MLSR) algorithm is developed that calculates routing tables efficiently using the collected delay measurements. The performance of the multilayered satellite network and MLSR is evaluated through simulations and analysis     

基于SPN模型的卫星网络性能评价

基于随机Petri网(SPN)模型方法,分别对LEO单层卫星网络和LEO/MEO双层卫星网络进行了性能分析.首先分析了卫星网络的特点,并在此基础上建立了半双工通信模式下LEO单层卫星网络的SPN模型、全双工通信模式下LEO/MEO双层卫星网络的SPN模型.然后,选取平均时延作为网络性能评价指标、采用SPNP6.0软件对上述两个SPN模型进行了性能评价.最后,对两个模型的性能评价结果进行了对比分析,得出了有关在网络负载变化情况下LEO单层卫星网络和LEO/MEO双层卫星网络的性能优劣比较结论.     

Adaptive Compensation Method Using the Prediction Algorithm for the Doppler Frequency Shift in the LEO Mobile Satellite Communication System

In low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, more severe phase distortion due to Doppler shift is frequently detected in the received signal than in cases of geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite systems or terrestrial mobile systems. Therefore, an estimation of Doppler shift would be one of the most important factors to enhance performance of LEO satellite communication system. In this paper, a new adaptive Doppler compensation scheme using location information of a user terminal and satellite, as well as a weighting factor for the reduction of prediction error is proposed. The prediction performance of the proposed scheme is simulated in terms of the prediction accuracy and the cumulative density function of the prediction error, with considering the offset variation range of the initial input parameters in LEO satellite system. The simulation results showed that the proposed adaptive compensation algorithm has the better performance accuracy than Ali's method. From the simulation results, it is concluded the adaptive compensation algorithm is the most applicable method that can be applied to LEO satellite systems of a range of altitude between 1,000 km and 2,000 km for the general error tolerance level, M = 250 Hz.