经济成长过程:城市规划目标运行的路径依赖

通过对经济成长过程中各要素运行规律的研究 ,指出经济健康成长的关键在于要素结构的同步协调。根据这一观点 ,笔者认为当前城市开发中种种问题产生的根源在于城市规划目标制定与实施过程脱离实际经济成长轨道 ;接着 ,以经济成长为导向 ,对城市规划目标制定的方向、性质 ,以及目标实施的过程与路径进行了探索。     

城乡一体化视角下离石区城乡空间布局优化探讨

在对吕梁市离石区现状城乡空间布局分析的基础上,结合城乡一体化背景要求提出优化城乡空间布局的总体思路,即实现规划编制全覆盖和规划管理全覆盖,并针对两大核心思路提出一系列针对性的对策建议,解决了城乡空间利用冲突的矛盾。     

欧盟国家的“紧凑”策略:以英国和荷兰为例

文章围绕欧盟国家的“紧凑”策略展开,分别介绍了英国在可持续思潮引导下的“紧凑”策略和荷兰不同时期“紧凑”策略的侧重点。在经历了城市的迅速扩张和城市中心衰败的历史时期后,这些国家选择以一种更为“紧凑”的城市发展模式应对不断出现的城市问题成为欧盟国家共同的趋势。     

经济适用房对城市空间的影响及启示

从经济适用房的概念入手,研究得出经济适用房在城市空间方面的各种特点,并分析了其对城市空间的影响,最后提出了建设经济适用房的建议,从而使经济适用房的建设更合理.     

中原经济区视角下城市新区建设对策研究

从中原经济区规划的视角,以邯郸市为例,结合实际,系统全面地分析了加快东部新区建设的现实可行性,并提出了相应对策及建议,同时对中原经济区及其他经济区域的发展也具有一定借鉴意义。     

精明增长理论对我国土地集约利用的启示

精明增长概念的提出是城市发展观念上的变革,介绍了精明增长产生的背景及内涵,并从“城市增长边界”理论、“TOD”模式等方面分析了精明增长对我国集约用地的启示。     

Back to Von Thunen: a Southern European perspective on mono-centric urban growth,economic structure and non-urban land decline*

This study assesses trends (1960–2010) in forest cover over a Mediterranean metropolitan region (Attica, Greece) with the aim to investigate the role of local contexts promoting changes in the use of land. Forest cover decreased in a spatially heterogeneous manner over the study period determining a land-use structure coherent with the Von Thunen mono-centric model. We used a multivariate exploratory analysis of 26 contextual variables to identify changes in the urban spatial structure at the local scale. The shift from a land-use structure based on urban–rural and cropland-forest polarizations in the early 1960s to a pattern based on the polarization in medium-density, mixed urban/agricultural areas and low-density, sparse forest land has been observed in the last 50 years. Urban expansion into rural land and the establishment of protected areas in economically marginal and remote districts has been identified as relevant drivers of landscape transformation in the area. Our study demonstrates that land-use changes driven by expansion of dispersed settlements may consolidate mono-centric urban structures. A concentric land-use distribution around the central city is compatible with urban sprawl and may be indirectly supported by ‘green belt’ regional planning and environmental policies protecting high-quality natural land.     

The evolution of urban water systems: societal needs,institutional complexities,and resource costs

ABSTRACT

Urban water systems provide critical services to meet the supply, sanitation, and drainage needs of urban societies. Evolving needs have resulted in increasingly expansive infrastructure, raising questions about the sustainability of such large infrastructure investments. In this study, we demonstrate the historical interplay between growing urban water needs, the services developed to meet them, and their total resource cost. We hypothesize that needs evolve hierarchically, with predictable outcomes in the form of service progression. To test this hypothesis, we use a suite of metrics at the US national scale indicative of our proposed hierarchy levels. At the city scale, we assess the cost implications of this progression of services. We use the emergy framework to quantitatively reconstruct the historical resource requirements of supply, sanitation, and drainage services and show how evolving needs lead to mounting resource costs. Lastly, we discuss implications of continually increasing complexity for meeting future water needs.     

Cultural cities,urban economic growth,and regional development: The role of creativity and cosmopolitan identity

Cultural heritage has been recognized as fundamental for local development. In particular, some recent works have highlighted the role of sophisticated transmission channels of this relationship, that is local creativity and cosmopolitan identity. Following a territorial perspective, the present work aims at combining the two approaches, in the belief that there could be a synergic interplay between creativity and cosmopolitan identity, reinforcing their individual effects. Accordingly, an original conceptual and operational taxonomy characterizing cultural cities is put forward. The contribution of the different identified patterns to urban and regional growth is assessed, as well as their capacity to valorize cultural participation.     

Measuring the impact of ride-hailing firms on urban congestion: The case of Uber in Europe

This paper examines the impact of Uber, the world's largest ride-hailing firm, on congestion. Drawing on data from European cities for the period 2008 through 2016, I find a negative impact of Uber on congestion. The estimated impact in the baseline regression is −3.5 percentage points, but it is higher in cities that do not impose strong regulatory restrictions to ride-hailing services. In addition, the negative impact of Uber on congestion is only statistically significant in denser cities. The Uber effect is gradual given that its impact increases over time. Finally, I find suggestive evidence that the potential endogeneity bias underestimates the negative effect of Uber on congestion.     

中原思想文化影响下的中国城市景观设计研究

以中原思想文化为落脚点,对中国城市景观设计进行了分析,提出了如何保留地域文化之意,走现代创新设计之路的方法,从而解决当今我国城市景观建设中存在的一些问题。     

The history of urban growth management in South Africa: tracking the origin and current status of urban edge policies in three metropolitan municipalities

ABSTRACT

For many cities in the Global South, colonialism played a dominant role in shaping their urban form. The historical objective of planning in colonial mother-cities was dealing with poor health and living conditions, therefore a planning approach similar to that followed in post-war Britain would appear beneficial in post-colonial cities, characterized by environmental and physical infrastructure unable to cope with massive population growth. Urban growth management is a discourse born in an attempt to control the growing industrial city in the early twentieth century, and in recent years applied through instruments such as urban edges or growth boundaries to limit urban sprawl and encourage higher density urban development. In South Africa, the principles of compaction and urban growth management formed part of the post-apartheid planning agenda towards transforming the inefficient and fragmented landscape inherited from separate spatial development. Consequently, urban edges and urban growth boundaries formed key components of municipal spatial planning frameworks since the early 2000s. The purpose of this paper is to explore the origin and status of urban edges in three metropolitan municipalities in South Africa to aid in understanding of these spatial instruments in the south.     

The impact of weather fluctuations and climate shocks on farmers’ welfare: insights from rural Ethiopia

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the welfare effect of inter- and intra-seasonal weather shocks using a nationally representative dataset. Results show that both rainfall and maximum temperature variability appear to exert a negative impact on the considered outcomes. Higher between-years average of rainfall implies an increase in income. This impact is nonlinear when the shock is computed over shorter reference periods and is higher in the upper tail of the income distribution. Moreover, small levels of rainfall variability have a positive effect on income, but only up to a certain threshold, after which the effect becomes negative. There is a nonlinear relationship between welfare outcomes and the first two moments of the maximum temperature distribution. Agricultural extension services, access to rural credit and use of sustainable land management practices (SLM) are crucial to mitigating the negative welfare effects.     

The impact of uncertainty on production relocation: Implications from a regional perspective

Analysis of the Spanish automobile industry during the global economic crisis of 2008 shows that the number of relocations was comparatively lower than in the period before the crisis. Uncertainty weighs more in relocation decisions than the advantages that multinationals can gain from their operational flexibility. The main drivers of relocation in the sector are conditioned by relocation costs and the risks inherent in such processes. The main implication of the research is that it helps identify vulnerability in relocation under conditions of uncertainty. This is key for defining public policies aiming to avoid the impact of relocation on regions that have traditionally been affected by such processes.     

城市更新视角下纽约历史街区保护更新模式研究 ——以格林威治村历史街区为例

随着我国城市进入城镇化“下半场”, 城市发展的范式产生转变,历史街区价值逐渐 显现,历史街区的保护与更新成为城市更新进程 中的重要类型。本文聚焦纽约历史街区保护更 新模式的研究,以纽约格林威治村历史街区为 研究案例,探讨了20世纪60年代纽约市《城市 地标保护法》出台后,纽约市应对不同尺度、不 同类型历史街区保护更新项目的模式机制。研究 以历史街区的保护更新项目为对象,从历史街区 遗产价值与更新模式相互关联的维度,梳理历 史街区的发展背景和空间演化过程,解析了历史 街区的层积性的历史价值、活态化的文化遗产和 多样性的美学特征,详细阐释了应对历史文化传 承和城市更新发展双重目标导向下,纽约历史街 区从建筑单体到街区,不同尺度、不同类型项目 的保护更新模式机制。     

Specialization and diversity as drivers of economic growth: Evidence from High‐Tech industries

This paper contributes to the literature of regional economics by concerning the linkages between regional industrial structure and economic growth. In order to shed light on this debatable issue, we study the role of the high technology sector, especially its industrial structure in regional economic growth. Using data from the Finnish regions during 1994 to 2008, we find diminishing marginal returns to high technology diversity with respect to regional growth, once we control for other determinants of growth. Through this paper we hope to give our contribution to one of the central themes of current EU regional policy discussion, namely smart specialization.     

基于城乡建设专业群融合的复合型人才培养模式构建与实践——以云南农业大学为例

创新人才培养模式是深化教育教学改革、提高人才培养质量的核心要求。发挥城乡建设多学科多专业优势,基于专业群融合,打造专业群特色,创新人才培养模式,对提高人才培养质量具有重要现实意义。文章以云南农业大学城乡建设专业群融合为背景,以培养具有国际视野和创新精神的复合型人才为目标,在人才培养模式进行研究与实践,构建"专业群+特色"人才培养模式,即"专业群+小语种""专业群+创新创业""专业群+技能竞赛""专业群+BIM技术",提高学生特色语言能力、创新创业能力、实践动手能力、掌握新技术能力,从而提高学生综合能力,以期为专业群融合背景下创新人才培养模式、提高人才培养质量提供参考借鉴。     

A comment on Scott and Storper's ‘The nature of cities: The scope and limits of urban theory’

Facing the main historical realizations of the city and the main theorizations about it, Scott and Storper look for identifying its invariant character. By distinguish between issues that, while occurring in the city, originate elsewhere in the social realm and issues that are intrinsic to it, they point to the ‘urban land nexus’ as the city unifying explicative principle, which stems from the trade‐off between agglomeration economies and land shortage. I argue that this outcome lies on the confusion between the city and urban agglomeration at large and, ultimately, on the unresolved quarrel between structuralism and empiricism.     

The Relative Length of Roads and Housing Density as Distinct Determinants of Operating Costs for Urban Services: Evidence from Medium-Sized Spanish Cities

Housing density and the relative length of roads or frontage are different urban variables which are proportional only in the case of homogeneous developments based on single-family dwellings. However, when the impact of an urban pattern on the operating cost of public services is analyzed regardless of the settlement morphology, both variables are often considered as equivalent, overlooking the role of the relative length of roads, which might be important due to the linear component of the cost of many of them. This study highlights the differences between the economic role of the two variables, showing that housing density explains better the operating cost per unit area of services such as roads and parks maintenance, while the relative length of roads does so in water cycle, waste collection, disposal, and treatment as well as street cleaning.