解痉药阿尔维林中间体的合成研究

报道了以苯乙酮和乙胺盐酸盐为原料，利用Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应合成解痉药阿尔维林中间体－Ｎ，Ｎ－（双β－苯甲酰乙基）乙胺盐酸盐方法。实验结果如下，苯乙酮和乙胺盐酸盐的摩尔比是１：９．５～１１．０，反应温度控制在８０～９０℃，反应时间２．５～３．５ｈ，产物收率可达５６％～５８％，纯度符合药用标准。     

4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶非均相催化氧化动力学研究

在搅拌釜式间歇反应器中研究了以负载Ｍｇ２＋的ＨＤ－８型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂的 ４－ＯＨ－ＴＭＰ非均相氧化反应动力学。探讨了该反应的反应机理,推导出４－ＯＨ－ＴＭＰ催化氧化动力学方程。其速度方程可表示为ｒ＝ｋＣＡＣＢ。从实验中得到反应活化能 Ｅａ＝５０．９６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,反应速率常数 ｋ＝８．５２×１０３ｅｘｐ（－５０．９６／ＲＴ）,反应速率常数与催化剂用量之间的关系为ｋ＝３８．６＋６．１９ｗ－０．６４ｗ２。     

Ti—Mg催化剂乙烯气相聚合反应研究

研究了乙烯气相聚合Ｔｉ－Ｍｇ催化剂的聚合性能，常压气相聚合催化效率７～１１ｋｇＰＥ／ｇＴｉ，产物表观密度０．３０～０．３３ｇ／ｍｌ，产物颗粒２０～１２０目重量占８９％～９７％，加压搅拌床气相聚合，催化效率６１～８１ｋｇＰＥ／ｇＴｉ，产物表观密度０．３４～０．３５ｇ／ｍｌ，产物颗粒１０～１２０目重量占９１％～９６％。流化床惭烯／１－丁烯共聚合催化效率１００～１６９ｋｇＰＥ／ｇＴｉ，ＭＩ２．１６＝５．     

沉淀铁挤条F-T合成催化剂WGS反应考察

采用固定床积分反应器， 在工业条件下 （５００ ｈ－ １， １ ＭＰａ～２．６ ＭＰａ）， 对挤条Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ－Ｋ工业催化剂进行了水煤气变换反应性和ＦＴ反应产物分布链增长几率的考察． 在稳态下， 保持一定的轴向温度分布， 求得宏观动力学方程， 与实验数据符合较好．     

香兰素合成工艺的改进研究

本文采用新型高效的碱式碳酸铜－ＤＭＦ催化体系，并以廉价甲醇代替ＤＭＦ为溶剂，系统地考察了由３－溴－４－羟基苯甲氧基化反应合成香兰素的反应条件，其中在新型反应体系中，３－溴－４－羟基苯甲醛在１３０℃下于２．６７ｍｌ／ｌ的甲醇钠的甲醇溶液中搅拌反应２ｈ，其转化率可达９６．７％。     

鼓泡塔一步法合成二甲醚工艺条件的研究

在反应温度 ２６０ ℃ ～３００℃，反应压力 ２. ０ ＭＰａ～５．０ ＭＰａ，进料空速 ４００～１６００ｍＬ·ｇ～（-１）·Ｈ～（－１）范围内，研究了鼓泡塔ＣＯ加氢制二甲醚过程中的工艺条件对催化剂的催化性能的影响．结果表明．较高温度有利于合成二甲醚的反应．在 ２９０ ℃以后，副产物烃类的选择性迅速上升．压力的升高有利于提高二甲醚的选择性，同时抑制烃类的生成．增加空速虽有利于提高二甲醚的时空产率．但使二甲醚的选择性下降．为了考察温度、压力和空速对合成二甲醚反应的影响程度，进行了正交试验．结果表明：在 ５ ＭＰａ．３００℃·１６００ ｍｌ·ｇ－～（－１）·ｈ～（－１）时，Ｙ以获得较高的 ＣＯ转化率．在 ３ ＭＰａ·２６０ ℃，１６００ ｍＬ·ｇ～（－１）·ｈ～（－１）时，可以获得较高的 ＤＭＥ选择．在 ５ ＭＰａ，２８０ ℃，１６００ｍＬ·ｇ～（－１）·ｈ～（－１），可以获得较高的ＤＭＥ时空产率．     

4,4‘—二硝基芪—2,2’—二磺酸（钠）性质及合成方法的研究

利用高效液相色谱和ＨＮＭＲ谱，跟踪研究了对硝基苯－２－磺酸钠在ＤＭＳＯ中进行氧化缩合，制备了４，４－二硝基芪－２，２－二磺酸钠的反应。推证了反应历程，研究了原料及产物的分子结构与电子效应关系。实验对比了ＤＭＳＯ介质和水介质中进行了上述氧化缩合的工艺方法。     

4,4′-二硝基芪-2,2′-二磺酸(钠)性质及合成方法的研究

利用高效液相色谱和ＨＮＭＲ 谱，跟踪研究了对硝基甲苯－ ２ － 磺酸钠在ＤＭＳＯ 中进行氧化缩合，制备４ ，４′－ 二硝基芪－ ２ ，２′－ 二磺酸钠的反应。推证了反应历程，研究了原料及产物的分子结构与电子效应关系。实验对比了ＤＭＳＯ 介质和水介质中进行上述氧化缩合的工艺方法。     

CR/MMA-AA自交联型接枝共聚物的合成与粘接性能研究

在交联单体Ｎ－羟甲基丙烯酰胺（Ｎ－ＭＡＡ）存在下,研究了氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）／甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）－丙烯酸（ＡＡ）三元接枝共聚及产物性能,结果表明,在引发剂 为１．６￣２．０％,Ｎ－ＭＡＡ用量为２．２￣２．６％,ＡＡ（ＡＡ＋ＭＭＡ）（质量比）为１４％,反应时间为５ｈ,反应温度为８０￣８５℃时,产物的性能较优。对产物还进行了红外光谱表征和粘接性能测试。     

2—二甲氨基—5,6—二甲基—4—羟基嘧啶的合成研究

本文报道了抗蚜威中间体２－二甲氨基－５，６－二甲基－４－羟基嘧啶的合成，探讨了各种因素对反应收率的影响，产物的收率和纯度分别为９３．４３％和９６．６９％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。