环保型水性印刷光油的研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、丙烯酸甲酯（MA）、苯乙烯（St）等为单体,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,以十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（OP-10）为乳化剂,通过预乳化种子聚合法获得水性乳液型上光油。探讨了乳化剂用量和配比、引发剂用量、反应温度和时间、后续单体滴加时间、保温反应时间、搅拌速度及中和剂对乳液综合性能的影响。通过固化成膜试验对水性上光油的光泽度、耐磨性、耐水性等性能测定。结果表明：乳化剂用量为乳液的2．0％～3．0％（质量分数）,阴/非离子乳化剂配比为1：2,引发剂质量分数为单体的0．55％,反应温度78—84℃,反应时间4h,后续滴加单体时间为90min,保温时间2．0h,搅拌速率为120r／min,使用NaHCO3作为中和剂时乳液性能最佳。主要技术指标：光泽度为92;固含量为46％。     

涂料用苯丙乳液合成工艺条件的优化

以水作溶剂,苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸等为单体,过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用乳液聚合法合成了苯丙乳液。研究了聚合乳液的单体配比、反应温度、反应时间、乳化剂及引发剂的用量等对乳液性能的影响。采用正交实验的方法对合成工艺进行优化,获得了最佳合成条件:w(苯乙烯)∶w(丙烯酸酯)∶w(丙烯酸)=23∶20∶1.3,引发剂0.6%~0.8%,乳化剂用量2%~4%,反应温度82°C左右,反应时间2h,保温时间2h。     

脂肪醇醚化接枝聚乙烯醇合成高耐水性树脂

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)与脂肪醇进行醚化接枝反应,通过红外光谱分析和对接枝聚合物耐水性能测试研究了从不同的脂肪醇,反应温度、反应时间及反应物配比对产物的影响。通过正交实验方法确定了最佳反应条件:以浓H2SO4为催化剂,二甲亚砜为醚化溶剂、正辛醇为醚化剂,醚化反应温度120℃、反应时间2h、PVA与正辛醇物质的量比为1∶1.2。在此反应条件下合成的接枝聚合物耐水性能最好,蒸馏水抽提后的余重高达98.03%,属高耐水性树脂。     

一种新型阻垢剂的合成及反应条件的确定

以水为溶剂,过硫酸钠为引发剂,以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体合成了一种三元共聚物阻垢剂。研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、反应时间、温度对聚合物反应及阻垢率的影响。由正交试验确定反应最佳条件为:单体配比(MA∶AA∶AM)=1∶0.5∶0.3,温度为80℃,反应时间为3 h,引发剂加量(占单体总质量)为14%。     

可擦拭型丙烯酸酯压敏胶制备工艺优化

目的：为提升丙烯酸酯压敏胶的可擦拭性以及粘性,确定丙烯酸酯压敏胶制备的最优工艺。方法 ：将试验所采用单体、引发剂、链转移剂和乙醇均匀混合制备丙烯酸酯树脂,将交联剂加入所制备丙烯酸酯树脂中完成丙烯酸酯压敏胶制备。结果 ：AMPS用量为7 wt%,反应时间为20 s,反应温度为85℃,搅拌速度为210 r/min时,所制备丙烯酸酯压敏胶可擦拭性较优,具有最佳的综合性能。结论：采用优化后工艺所制备可擦拭型丙烯酸酯压敏胶性能具有很大优势,同时具备可用水擦拭的能力。     

NMP-CaCl2体系中低温缩聚合成PPTA研究

采用低温溶液缩聚法将对苯二甲酰氯（TPC）和对苯二胺（PPD）在NMP-CaCl2溶剂体系中进行缩聚反应,制备了较高分子质量的聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺（PPTA）树脂。研究了分子质量与反应时间的关系,考察了初始单体浓度、摩尔配比、起始反应温度、反应时间等影响缩聚反应的因素,获得了较优的聚合条件：初始单体浓度为0．35—0．4mol／L,对苯二甲酰氯和对苯二胺的摩尔配比为1．009～1．012,起始反应温度为-15～5℃,反应时间为35～60min。发现搅拌转速对于聚合分子质量的影响主要体现在低转速范围,当转速超过某一临界值时,转速对PPTA聚合分子质量几乎没有影响。     

新型低磷水处理剂的合成及性能研究

以水为溶剂,次磷酸钠一过硫酸铵为引发剂,在AA／AMPS／MAn三元共聚物中引入膦酰基,从而得到了一种综合性能良好、低磷含量的水处理剂,考察了产品综合性能与单体配比。引发剂用量及反应温度和反应时间的关系．得出了合成此共聚物的最佳工艺条件：m(AMPS)：m(AA)：m(MAn)=1：4：5,w(NaH2PO2)=4．5％,w(过硫酸铵)：3％,反应温度95～98℃。反应时间4h。     

浮油松香道路标线涂料树脂的研制

以浮油松香为原料,加成富马酸,用甘油进行酯化,后期再加入富马酸进行反应,制备了道路标线涂料树脂。考察了反应温度和反应时间对树脂酸值和软化点的影响;考察了树脂软化点、富马酸配比对产物性能的影响。研究结果表明：反应温度为265℃,补加富马酸反应3～4 h,树脂软化点106℃左右,前后富马酸配比为4∶1时,制备的树脂具有相对较好的综合性能和实用性。     

邻甲酚醛树脂合成的正交实验研究

以邻甲酚、多聚甲醛为原料,草酸为催化剂,合成邻甲酚醛树脂,通过正交实验考察各因素对树脂软化点的影响。结果表明,各因素影响的主次顺序为:原料配比催化剂用量溶剂用量反应温度反应时间搅拌转速。     

CPP/VTES/St接枝共聚物的合成与性能

以二甲苯为溶剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)和苯乙烯(St)为接枝单体,自由基溶液聚合法改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP),制得接枝共聚胶黏剂。并考察了聚合单体用量及配比、溶剂用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对树脂胶黏性能的影响。得到的最佳反应条件为：溶剂与CPP的质量比m(二甲苯)∶m(CPP)=2.5∶1,聚合原料配比m(CPP)∶m (VTES)∶m (St)∶m (BPO) =100∶2.4∶0.6∶0.2,反应温度95 ℃,反应时间3 h。在此条件下制备的共聚物粘接聚丙烯材料和钢的剪切强度分别达3.4 MPa和7.7 MPa。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997