铜石墨材料抗弯强度与孔隙的关系

定性地分析了孔隙含量、形状及其不同的位向关系在材料断裂过程中的行为，采用灰色系统方法处理试验数据，由此建立抗弯强度σｂｂ与孔隙度θ间的数学方程：σｂｂ＝σ０ｅ－βθ，式中σ０为材料孔隙度θ趋近于零时的归算抗弯强度值，β为表征孔隙形状及其位向关系的特征指数。所建立的方程式与实验值吻合较好。     

PCBN磨粒／石墨／CuSnTi合金复合块界面微观结构

在加热温度920℃和保温时间30min工艺下,进行铜锡钛（Cu-Sn-Ti）合金与石墨颗粒、聚晶立方氮化硼（PCBN）磨粒的烧结试验．通过三点抗弯试验测试了烧结试样的强度,并使用扫描电镜、能谱仪、x射线衍射仪检测了复合块的断口形貌与物相组成．结果表明,石墨质量分数为5％～15％时烧结试样的抗弯强度达91MPa以上,高于...     

石墨表面镀铜对石墨—铜复合材料强度影响的研究

石墨与铜的界面结合及石墨在基体中的分布方式是影响石墨－铜基复合材料抗弯强度的重要因素。本文用镀铜石墨粉制备石墨－铜复合材料,并测定了材料的抗弯强度,对断口进行扫描分析。结果表明,石墨经镀铜处理后,使得石墨－铜复合材料抗弯曲强度显著提高。     

真空热处理在硬质合金切削工具和冲模中的应用

研究了真空热处理对硬质合金性能的影响,硬质合金刀片和冲模热处理后均得到整体强韧性,特别是抗弯强度σｂｂ明显提高。通过生产试验,能成倍提高使用寿命。     

镀铜导电陶瓷颗粒Ti3SiC2对铜-石墨复合材料性能的影响

采用超声波化学镀覆技术在导电陶瓷颗粒表面,可获得均匀、连续的镀铜层.用粉末冶金法将镀铜Ti3SiC2与铜、石墨制备成镀铜Ti3SiC2-铜-石墨复合材料,用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察和分析了复合材料的显微组织和断口形貌,并测试了它们的电阻率、硬度和抗弯强度.结果表明:随镀铜Ti3SiC2含量的增加镀铜Ti3SiC2-铜-石墨复合材料的导电性、硬度和抗弯强度显著提高,并且各项性能明显优于不镀铜Ti3SiC2-铜-石墨复合材料.     

化学镀铜短碳纤维-铜-石墨复合材料的性能研究

本文采用化学镀铜法对短碳纤维表面进行镀铜,并用电镀法对长碳纤维表面进行连续镀铜后,再切割成镀铜短碳纤维.随后用粉末冶金法制备了含有这两种镀铜短碳纤维的碳纤维-铜-石墨复合材料和不含碳纤维的铜-石墨复合材料,对它们的物理和力学性能进行了测试,并在滑动速度为15 m/s、载荷为4.9N的干摩擦条件下进行了30 h磨损试验,结果表明:化学镀铜短碳纤维-铜-石墨复合材料的导电性、硬度、抗弯强度和耐磨性优于电镀铜短碳纤维-铜-石墨复合材料和不含碳纤维的铜-石墨复合材料.     

石墨/铝基自润滑材料的研究

通过化学镀的方法在石墨颗粒表面涂覆了1层均匀连续的镍镀层,并采用铸造法将2％的镀镍石墨颗粒加入Al-11％Si中间合金中,在750℃下保温搅拌1 min.研究了镀镍石墨含量对铸造石墨/铝基自润滑材料性能的影响.采用电子万能试验机、布氏硬度仪、MM-200摩擦磨损试验机和Olympus金相显微镜等仪器对材料的组织和性能进行了表征.结果表明,在基体中加入2％的镀镍石墨后,共晶硅尺寸减小,基体的硬度提高4％,强度提高11.41％,同时材料的摩擦系数降低21％,磨损率降低47.65％.     

导电陶瓷颗粒Ti_3SiC_2含量对碳纤维-铜-石墨复合材料性能的影响

采用超声波化学镀覆技术和电镀技术分别对导电陶瓷Ti_3SiC_2颗粒表面和碳纤维表面进行镀铜处理。用粉末冶金法制备了两组成分相同的Ti_3SiC_2-碳纤维-铜-石墨复合材料,其中一组加入的是镀铜Ti_3SiC_2(A组),另一组加入的是不镀铜Ti_3SiC_2(B组),对它们的密度、电阻率、硬度和抗弯强度进行了测试。结果表明:随Ti_3SiC_2含量的增加两组复合材料的密度、导电性、硬度和抗弯强度明显提高,并且加镀铜Ti_3SiC_2的碳纤维-铜-石墨复合材料的性能指标明显优于加不镀铜Ti_3SiC_2的碳纤维-铜-石墨复合材料。     

再生钛合金的粉末冶金材料

俄罗斯学者研究了利用再生钛合金经氢化和真空烧结制备的粉末钛合金BT20和BT9工艺方法以及这类合金的组织形成规律与性能的关系。本研究采用（－0．2＋0．08）mm级的氢化粉,在1200MPa下压制成半制品生坯,其原始孔隙度为25％～30％。在真空炉（655×10－5Pa）中于1623K～1673K下烧结8h．试样烧结后,确定其化学成分、密度、收缩率和机械性能,并且研究材料的显微组织和X－射线相组成。为了确定试样原始孔隙度对气体饱和度的影响,俄罗斯学者还研究了不同原始孔隙度的试样,即松装的粉末试样和致密的合金试样。在烧结温度下,松装粉末发…     

二硫化钼含量对铜-镀铜石墨复合材料性能的影响

用传统的粉末冶金方法制备了二硫化钼-铜-镀铜石墨及二硫化钼-铜-石墨复合材料,对其电阻率、抗弯强度、硬度和耐磨性进行了测试,并用金相显微镜和SEM观察了该复合材料的显微组织和磨面形貌,分析了二硫化钼含量对这两种复合材料的组织与性能的影响,结果表明,随着二硫化钼含量的增加,铜-镀铜石墨复合材料的电阻率略微增高,抗弯强度和硬度值提高;二硫化钼-铜-镀铜石墨复合材料的各项性能指标均优于二硫化钼-铜-石墨复合材料的性能指标;在磨损实验中二硫化钼的加入增强了两种材料的机械磨损的耐磨性.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。