基于自适应空间球的k最近邻域快速搜索算法

利用空间球搜索大规模点云数据k邻域存在速率慢和稳定性差的问题,为此,提出一种新的k邻域快速搜索算法。利用与k无关的分块策略对点云进行分块,使用候选点所在子块内采样点的近似密度自适应确定候选点的初始动态球半径,应用动态球的外切立方体搜索k邻域候选点。当候选点数目不满足要求或搜索不成功时,采用候选点动态球外切立方体的外接球扩大搜索范围。实验结果表明,与已有算法相比,该算法的k邻域搜索效率明显提高,而且当子块内预设点数变化、采样密度提高时具有较强稳定性,自动化程度较高。     

基于动态网格k邻域搜索的激光点云精简算法

由非接触式扫描方法获得的点云数据存在大量的冗余点,为便于模型重构, 提出一种新的基于动态网格k邻域搜索的点云精简方法.首先,对点云进行k邻域搜索,在k邻域搜索过程中采用动态网格的方法快速寻找k邻域点;然后,根据数据点的k邻域计算点的曲率、点与邻域点法向夹角的平均值、点与邻域点的平均距离,并利用这3个参数定义特征判别参数和特征阈值,比较大小,对特征点进行提取;最后,利用包围盒法对非特征点进行二次精简,将精简后的点云与特征点拼接,实现精简目的.实验结果表明,所提出方法与其他k邻域搜索方法相比,提高了计算效率,并且将特征提取与二次精简方法相结合,既可保留模型的几何特征,又能避免空洞区域的产生,在精度和速度上都取得了较好的效果.     

求解带容量约束车辆路径问题的混合变邻域生物共栖搜索算法

针对带容量约束的车辆路径问题,提出一种混合变邻域生物共栖搜索算法.设计基于客户点优先序列及车辆参考点模拟信息的有序编码,该编码方案使生物共栖搜索算法可以参与CVRP的离散优化;为了提高算法的全局搜索能力,根据有序编码特点构造3种共栖搜索算子,扩大搜索空间;同时,结合变邻域搜索算法设计客户点重置、交换和2-OPT三种局部搜索策略,以提高解方案质量.算例验证分析表明,所提算法能够有效地解决容量约束车辆路径问题,求解质量优于所对比算法,具有可靠的全局稳定性.     

考虑加热炉生产因素的热轧板坯轧制计划模型与算法

加热炉生产是影响热轧机组利用率和轧制计划质量的重要环节之一.通过分析加热炉对热轧生产的影响,抽取板坯标准在炉时间和出炉温度这两个关键因素,建立热轧板坯轧制计划的整数规划模型,并提出自适应邻域搜索算法.在算法中设计约束满足策略、自适应搜索策略和反向学习邻域搜索策略.约束满足策略针对目标特征和加热炉因素设计两种值选择规则,用于生成高质量初始解;自适应搜索策略能够自主选择邻域结构和终止邻域搜索,有效优化邻域结构选择方式和算法收敛速度;反向学习邻域搜索策略基于反向学习技术增强解空间多样性,提高全局搜索能力.基于实际生产数据设计多种规模的实验,通过实验验证了算法的有效性.     

一种改进的基于反k近邻的流数据离群点检测算法

现有反k邻域的流数据离群点挖掘算法存在一些不足之处,即需要遍历每个数据对象,计算复杂度较高,稳定性较差。为了解决这些问题,本文提出一种改进的基于反k近邻的离群点检测算法OL-ORND。该算法采用细胞邻域思想,加入伪反k邻域点概念（反k邻域为空集的点对象）,增加了算法的严密性,从而大大提高了算法的效率和准确率。实验表明,算法具有较好的性能。     

海量空间数据点k近邻的快速搜索算法

提出一种新的海量空间数据点k近邻的快速搜索算法.本算法综合考虑了空间数据的范围、数据点的总数、近邻点数目k以及数据点的密度,给出了一种新的估算子立方体边长的方法;采用空间分块策略,把数据空间划分成多个子立方体,子立方体的大小决定k近邻的搜索速度;最后记录每个子立方体所包含的数据点及每个点所属的子立方体编号,搜索测点的k近邻.大量数据的实验结果表明本算法可以大大提高在海量空间数据点中搜索测点k近邻的速度.     

二进制编码八叉树的海量点云邻域快速搜索算法

海量点云的邻域搜索是点云数据处理的关键技术,是对点云进行进一步处理的基础.针对海量点云数据邻域搜索效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于二进制编码八叉树的快速搜索算法.首先构建八叉树,利用一种二进制编码方式对八叉树的各个节点进行编码,即对空间3个维度分别进行编码;其次对邻域点进行查找过程,根据搜索半径直接确定需要搜索的高度;最后在确定的节点高度下,根据编码的特点直接计算所需要查询的邻域节点.实验结果表明,该算法准确性高、速度快,能够实现海量点云数据的快速邻域搜索.     

基于改进萤火虫寻优支持向量机的PM2.5预测

针对现有PM2.5浓度预测误差较大的问题,提出一种基于改进萤火虫寻优支持向量机的预测模型（IFA-SVM）.该模型引入邻域搜索和可变步长策略改进萤火虫算法,利用改进FA对SVM的参数C、ε和γ寻优,用最优参数SVM模型预测太原市PM2.5值.其中邻域搜索策略能为参数优化提供更多更精确的候选解;可变步长可动态调整算法搜索步长,加速收敛,平衡FA的全局和局部搜索能力.将IFA-SVM预测值与萤火虫算法-支持向量机（FA-SVM）、遗传算法-支持向量机（GA-SVM）、粒子群算法-支持向量机（PSO-SVM）相比较.结果表明较其他方法,IFA-SVM模型对太原市未来一天和三天的PM2.5值都取得了更精确的预测性能.     

基于频率直方图的K邻域稀疏离群点移除算法

在点云预处理阶段,传统的基于k邻域的稀疏离群点移除算法尚存在一些不足。在点云的处理过程中,关于k邻域的大小以及所要滤去的稀疏离群点的噪声阈值方面,没有给出合理的选取方案。通过对散乱点云传统k近邻稀疏离群点移除算法的分析与研究,提出一种基于k邻域平均距离的频率直方图的分析方法,对传统基于k邻域的离群点移除算法进行了改进。通过该方法可以有效选取合理的k值与噪声阈值。该方法通过对散乱点云设置依次增大的k值,生成k邻域平均距离的统计直方图,分析统计直方图来确定k邻域值的适当大小。针对适当的k值,选取合理的噪声阈值对其进行去噪处理。通过这种方法,为稀疏离群点移除算法中k值和噪声阈值的选取提供了理论依据,提高了点云搜索效率的同时有效防止了离群点的过度删除。     

基于异质交互式文化混合算法的机器人探测任务规划

针对机器人任务规划的混合算法缺乏通用结构框架的问题,借鉴文化进化的双重结构思想,提出一种交互式仿生群协进化混合算法体系框架．它包括基于佳点集遗传算法的上层知识空间、基于离散粒子群优化的底层主群空间、自上而下的影响机制和自下而上的接受机制,以实现异质种群交互;通过预留用户评价接口,实现了算法的人机交互．为提高粒子群优化性能,运用佳点集初始化主群空间,使初始粒子均匀分布于可行解内;提出新的粒子进化模型并定义粒子进化力指标,提高了种群的多样性和算法稳定性;通过引入邻域局部搜索策略增强算法的搜索能力．最后,采用TSPLIB标准数据对异质交互式文化混合算法（HICHA）进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法无论是在收敛速度或稳定性方面,还是在求解质量方面,均优于其它算法．HICHA为机器人探测任务规划问题的解决提供了新思路．     

Probably correct k-nearest neighbor search in high dimensions

A novel approach for k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) searching with Euclidean metric is described. It is well known that many sophisticated algorithms cannot beat the brute-force algorithm when the dimensionality is high. In this study, a probably correct approach, in which the correct set of k-nearest neighbors is obtained in high probability, is proposed for greatly reducing the searching time. We exploit the marginal distribution of the k th nearest neighbors in low dimensions, which is estimated from the stored data (an empirical percentile approach). We analyze the basic nature of the marginal distribution and show the advantage of the implemented algorithm, which is a probabilistic variant of the partial distance searching. Its query time is sublinear in data size n, that is, O(mnδ) with δ=o(1) in n and δ≤1, for any fixed dimension m.     

Dynamic vp-tree indexing for n-nearest neighbor search given pair-wise distances

Abstract. For some multimedia applications, it has been found that domain objects cannot be represented as feature vectors in a multidimensional space. Instead, pair-wise distances between data objects are the only input. To support content-based retrieval, one approach maps each object to a k-dimensional (k-d) point and tries to preserve the distances among the points. Then, existing spatial access index methods such as the R-trees and KD-trees can support fast searching on the resulting k-d points. However, information loss is inevitable with such an approach since the distances between data objects can only be preserved to a certain extent. Here we investigate the use of a distance-based indexing method. In particular, we apply the vantage point tree (vp-tree) method. There are two important problems for the vp-tree method that warrant further investigation, the n-nearest neighbors search and the updating mechanisms. We study an n-nearest neighbors search algorithm for the vp-tree, which is shown by experiments to scale up well with the size of the dataset and the desired number of nearest neighbors, n. Experiments also show that the searching in the vp-tree is more efficient than that for the -tree and the M-tree. Next, we propose solutions for the update problem for the vp-tree, and show by experiments that the algorithms are efficient and effective. Finally, we investigate the problem of selecting vantage-point, propose a few alternative methods, and study their impact on the number of distance computation. Received June 9, 1998 / Accepted January 31, 2000     

Surface reconstruction by layer peeling

Given an input point cloud P in ?³, this paper proposes a novel algorithm to identify surface neighbors of each point p∈P respecting the underlying surface S and then to construct a piecewise linear surface for P. The algorithm utilizes the simple k-nearest neighborhood in constructing local surfaces. It makes use of two concepts: a local convexity criterion to extract a set of surface neighbors for each point, and a global projection test to determine an order for the reconstruction. Our algorithm not only produces a topologically correct surface for well-sampled point sets, but also adapts well to handle under-sampled point sets. Furthermore, the computational cost of the algorithm increases almost linearly in the size of the point cloud. It, thus, scales well to deal with large input point sets.     

面向移动对象连续k近邻查询的双层索引结构

移动对象连续k近邻（CKNN）查询是指给定一个连续移动的对象集合,对于任意一个k近邻查询q,实时计算查询q的k近邻并在查询有效时间内对查询结果进行实时更新.现实生活中,交通出行、社交网络、电子商务等领域许多基于位置的应用服务都涉及移动对象连续k近邻查询这一基础问题.已有研究工作解决连续k近邻查询问题时,大多需要通过多次迭代确定一个包含k近邻的查询范围,而每次迭代需要根据移动对象的位置计算当前查询范围内移动对象的数量,整个迭代过程的计算代价占查询代价的很大部分.为此,提出了一种基于网络索引和混合高斯函数移动对象分布密度的双重索引结构（grid GMM index,GGI）,并设计了移动对象连续k近邻增量查询算法（incremental search for continuous k nearest neighbors,IS-CKNN）.GGI索引结构的底层采用网格索引对海量移动对象进行维护,上层构建混合高斯模型模拟移动对象在二维空间中的分布.对于给定的k近邻查询q,IS-CKNN算法能够基于混合高斯模型直接确定一个包含q的k近邻的查询区域,减少了已有算法求解该区域的多次迭代过程;当移动对象和查询q位置发生变化时,进一步提出一种高效的增量查询策略,能够最大限度地利用已有查询结果减少当前查询的计算量.最后,在滴滴成都网约车数据集以及两个模拟数据集上进行大量实验,充分验证了算法的性能.     

Learning cellular automata rules for binary classification problem

This paper proposes a cellular automata-based solution of a binary classification problem. The proposed method is based on a two-dimensional, three-state cellular automaton (CA) with the von Neumann neighborhood. Since the number of possible CA rules (potential CA-based classifiers) is huge, searching efficient rules is conducted with use of a genetic algorithm (GA). Experiments show an excellent performance of discovered rules in solving the classification problem. The best found rules perform better than the heuristic CA rule designed by a human and also better than one of the most widely used statistical method: the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN). Experiments show that CAs rules can be successfully reused in the process of searching new rules.     

A heuristic supervised Euclidean data difference dimension reduction for KNN classifier and its application to visual place classification

In this paper, we propose a novel supervised dimension reduction algorithm based on K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. The proposed algorithm reduces the dimension of data in order to improve the accuracy of the KNN classification. This heuristic algorithm proposes independent dimensions which decrease Euclidean distance of a sample data and its K-nearest within-class neighbors and increase Euclidean distance of that sample and its M-nearest between-class neighbors. This algorithm is a linear dimension reduction algorithm which produces a mapping matrix for projecting data into low dimension. The dimension reduction step is followed by a KNN classifier. Therefore, it is applicable for high-dimensional multiclass classification. Experiments with artificial data such as Helix and Twin-peaks show ability of the algorithm for data visualization. This algorithm is compared with state-of-the-art algorithms in classification of eight different multiclass data sets from UCI collection. Simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms. Visual place classification is an important problem for intelligent mobile robots which not only deals with high-dimensional data but also has to solve a multiclass classification problem. A proper dimension reduction method is usually needed to decrease computation and memory complexity of algorithms in large environments. Therefore, our method is very well suited for this problem. We extract color histogram of omnidirectional camera images as primary features, reduce the features into a low-dimensional space and apply a KNN classifier. Results of experiments on five real data sets showed superiority of the proposed algorithm against others.     

Accelerated k-nearest neighbors algorithm based on principal component analysis for text categorization

Text categorization is a significant technique to manage the surging text data on the Internet.The k-nearest neighbors(kNN) algorithm is an effective,but not efficient,classification model for text categorization.In this paper,we propose an effective strategy to accelerate the standard kNN,based on a simple principle:usually,near points in space are also near when they are projected into a direction,which means that distant points in the projection direction are also distant in the original space.Using the proposed strategy,most of the irrelevant points can be removed when searching for the k-nearest neighbors of a query point,which greatly decreases the computation cost.Experimental results show that the proposed strategy greatly improves the time performance of the standard kNN,with little degradation in accuracy.Specifically,it is superior in applications that have large and high-dimensional datasets.     

Fast k-nearest neighbors search using modified principal axis search tree

The problem of k-nearest neighbors (kNN) is to find the nearest k neighbors for a query point from a given data set. Among available methods, the principal axis search tree (PAT) algorithm always has good performance on finding nearest k neighbors using the PAT structure and a node elimination criterion. In this paper, a novel kNN search algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm stores projection values for all data points in leaf nodes. If a leaf node in the PAT cannot be rejected by the node elimination criterion, data points in the leaf node are further checked using their pre-stored projection values to reject more impossible data points. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the number of distance calculations and computation time for the PAT algorithm, especially for the data set with a large dimension or for a search tree with large number of data points in a leaf node.     

Efficient microaggregation techniques for large numerical data volumes

The contradictory requirements of data privacy and data analysis have fostered the development of statistical disclosure control techniques. In this context, microaggregation is one of the most frequently used methods since it offers a good trade-off between simplicity and quality. Unfortunately, most of the currently available microaggregation algorithms have been devised to work with small datasets, while the size of current databases is constantly increasing. The usual way to tackle this problem is to partition large data volumes into smaller fragments that can be processed in reasonable time by available algorithms. This solution is applied at the cost of losing quality. In this paper, we revisited the computational needs of microaggregation showing that it can be reduced to two steps: sorting the dataset with regard to a vantage point and a set of k-nearest neighbors searches. Considering this new point of view, we propose three new efficient quality-preserving microaggregation algorithms based on k-nearest neighbors search techniques. We present a comparison of our approaches with the most significant strategies presented in the literature using three real very large datasets. Experimental results show that our proposals overcome previous techniques by keeping a better balance between performance and the quality of the anonymized dataset.     

不确定数据的最优?? 近邻和局部密度聚类算法

传统聚类算法一般针对的是确定数据, 无法解决不确定数据的聚类问题; 现有基于密度的不确定数据聚类算法存在参数敏感且计算率低的问题. 对此, 在引进新的不确定数据相异度函数、最优?? 近邻、局部密度和互包含概念的基础上, 提出解决不确定数据聚类问题的不确定数据的最优?? 近邻和局部密度聚类(OLUC) 算法. 该算法不仅能降低参数敏感性, 提高计算效率, 而且具有动态自适应优化?? 近邻, 快速发现聚类中心和除噪优化的能力. 实验结果表明, 所提出的算法对无论是否存在噪声的不确定数据集都效果良好.