建筑防火设计中补风设计的讨论

我国现行消防技术规范对建筑补风设计的要求不够明确,使得设计人员对规范条文有不同的理解,导致设计结果差异较大,不恰当的补风设计可能导致火灾烟气无法有效排除。分析了相关规范关于补风设计的差异,通过数值计算对某大空间建筑防排烟方案进行了对比分析,研究了补风对排烟效果的影响。结果表明补风速度对排烟效果有显著影响,防排烟设计中需重视补风速度控制。     

建筑防火设计中补风设计的讨论

我国现行消防技术规范对建筑补风设计的要求不够明确,使得设计人员对规范条文有不同的理解,导致设计结果差异较大,不恰当的补风设计可能导致火灾烟气无法有效排除.分析了相关规范关于补风设计的差异,通过数值计算对某大空间建筑防排烟方案进行了对比分析,研究了补风对排烟效果的影响.结果表明补风速度对排烟效果有显著影响,防排烟设计中需重视补风速度控制.     

大型商业综合体中庭防排烟可行性研究

采用火灾动力学数值模拟软件FDS对湖南某大型商业建筑中庭火灾场景进行模拟分析,验证该建筑中庭防排烟控制方案的可行性。基于项目高大空间与对外开放的特殊性,针对影响中庭排烟效果的不同因素如补风形式、补风位置、环境温度、外界风以及小火灾热释放速率等做了相关对比分析,以保证防排烟策略的可靠性。数值模拟结果表明:自然补风时的排烟效果更优;B1层自然补风和F1层自然补风效果相近;高温环境下的热烟气层温度偏高;外界风作用下火灾以及中庭小火灾时该排烟模式依然能保持人员的安全疏散条件。     

对负担多个防烟分区的排烟系统设计分析

依据现行防排烟相关规范,介绍担负不同防烟分区的排烟（补风）系统设计方案;重点研究室内净高H≤6 m场所,负担多个防烟分区排烟系统的排烟支管以及对应补风系统设计分歧点,对不同排烟（补风）系统方案优缺点进行比较;通过风机及管路性能曲线对具体案例中排烟系统定性、定量分析,对管路进行严格合理水力计算并选型风机,最后给出合理排烟（补风）设计方案及工程设计建议,对以后类似工程排烟设计提供借鉴或参考。     

中庭式地铁车站不同补风方式对排烟效率影响分析

为了使中庭式地铁车站的排烟效率更高、消防设计更安全,研究了不同补风方式对排烟效率的影响。采用数值模拟方法,对中庭式地铁车站采用自然补风、站厅或站台机械补风等几种不同补风方式对排烟效率的影响进行分析,并分析了不同补风量对排烟效率的影响。研究表明：当站厅机械排烟量一定时,采用站台机械补风的方式排烟效率最高;机械补风条件下,补风量为排烟量的30%~50%时,能够达到最好的排烟效果。     

超长海底隧道无竖井排烟及补风量优化研究

摘 要：超长海底隧道结构特殊,排烟补风成为制约超长海底隧道发展的关键因素。依托烟大海底隧道提出超长海底隧道无竖井排烟系统,并设计新型的海中无竖井排烟补风方案——采用离心式空气压缩机将火灾烟气高速加压后排到海水中,并通过压缩空气进行额外补风。采用FDS对不同排烟量和补风量下56组工况进行模拟,通过分析烟气层厚度、排烟效率和能见度,寻找最优的排烟补风方案。结果表明：排烟量在140~180,190~210 m3/s,补风量分别占排烟量的50%、70%时,系统排烟效果最优;其中,排烟量180 m3/s,补风量50%和排烟量200 m3/s,补风量70%情况下的排烟效果最优,且后者优于前者。实际工程应用中,可以考虑设计排烟量为200 m3/s,补风量为140 m3/s。     

国家大剧院高大空间排烟系统的分析设计

利用自然排烟理论,根据理论计算参数,综合考虑建筑造型、使用安全等因素,对国家大剧院高大空间排烟系统进行分析与计算,得出采用自然排烟方法的各项技术参数.确定国家大剧院采用主壳体自然排烟与自然补风、机械补风、环廊机械排烟相结合的防排烟方案,确保了工程的使用安全.     

排烟补风设计中风量平衡问题的探讨

上海市的工程建设规范《建筑防排烟技术规程》中要求;需要补风的排烟区间,其补风量不应小于排烟量的50%。但是在实际设计过程中,如果简单地套用排烟量的50%作为补风风量,而不经过风量平衡的验证计算,很有可能遇到由于补风风量不足造成排烟量无法满足设计要求的问题。对于一些密封性能好,排烟量特别大的房间应由风量平衡计算来确定补风量。     

建筑防排烟系统常见问题探析

建筑防排烟系统是控制火灾烟气蔓延扩散,确保人员安全疏散和火灾有效扑救的重要保证。本文结合工作实际,就防排烟系统设计中存在的一些常见问题进行分析,包括自然排烟方式的有效性,机械排烟量的计算,加压送风量的合理确定,补风量和补风速率,排烟口的临界排烟量,中庭排烟量及地下车库排烟补风等问题,对如何提高防排烟系统的实际效果提出了建议。     

城市地铁防排烟设计问题初探

通过对地铁防排烟设计原则、设计标准、火灾工况下防排烟系统运行模式等方面的分析和介绍,对地铁车站在防烟分区划分、气流流速、区间隧道排烟、自然补风设计方面存在的问题进行了探讨.     

成都某公司办公大楼空调通风设计

介绍了成都某公司办公大楼的空调、通风、防排烟系统和空调自动控制系统设计,详细阐述了空调系统形式,指出了通风空调系统防火措施、节能措施及环保与卫生防疫措施。     

建筑开口流量系数及其对火灾烟流的影响

在高层建筑火灾试验塔上测试了典型门、窗不同开度时的流量系数。该系数可用于火灾烟气流动预测计算,也可用于压送风量及一般建筑通风换气计算。同时,运用建筑物火灾烟气流动性状预测计算软件,分析了门窗开度及流量的系数对火灾烟流的影响。     

浅谈高层建筑地下室通风与排烟设计

从通风排烟系统划分、通风方式及通风排烟风机选择方面，介绍了高层建筑地下室通风系统和排烟系统相结合，以充分利用地下室上部空间的设计方法，包括解决从平时运行到火灾运行的可靠转换的做法。强调了风机的选择、布置及设计中需注意的问题。     

超高层综合办公楼防排烟系统设计探讨

详细介绍某超高层综合办公楼防排烟系统设计过程,对避难层通风、加压送风系统的分段、竖向排烟系统的设置、注意事项等进行了阐述,供设计参考。     

Numerical study on the optimization of smoke ventilation mode at the conjunction area between tunnel track and platform in emergency of a train fire at subway station

To cope with fires in a subway station, ventilation systems are usually installed, which includes an air supply system and a smoke exhaust system. In case of a train fire, the operation of these ventilation systems needs to be studied in order to get optimal control of smoke propagation and provide better environmental conditions for personnel evacuation. In this paper, CFD simulations are carried out by Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to study the effectiveness of different ventilation modes in case of a train fire in a subway station. The temperature and visibility contours are computed as to compare the performance of various ventilation modes for subway stations with full-seal Platform Screen Door (PSD) or half-height safety door. Results show that appropriate activation of the air supply system can improve the efficiency of the ventilation system in smoke control, and vice versa. It is better to activate the lobby air supply system and meanwhile close the platform air supply system. As for the exhaust system, it is necessary to activate the platform exhaust system and the Over Track Exhaust (OTE) system, and it is better to deactivate the Under Platform Exhaust (UPE) system. The optimization strategy of the ventilation mode for subway stations with full-seal PSD is similar to that for subway stations with half-height safety door. With the help of the additional smoke barrier, smoke propagation in a subway station can be well controlled. The results in the paper may serve as a useful reference for the smoke control design in case of subway train fires.     

对高层建筑人防停车库通风设计问题的一点看法

以有关的国家标准规范为依据，讨论了高层刀用建筑人防停车库的通风问题并提出了不同看法，认为人防停车库通风系统 不必瘘备防排烟功能。     

Effects of building wall arrangements on wind-induced ventilation through the refuge floor of a tall building

Wind-induced natural ventilation plays an important role in the fire and smoke safety of a refuge floor. This paper reports a computational fluid dynamics study to investigate the effect of building wall arrangements on the amount of wind-induced ventilation through a refuge floor which is located at the building mid-height. The refuge floor analysed has a large service core at its centre and is surrounded by exterior building walls, which are arranged in nine configurations that represent varying degrees of opening to wind flow. Results of computed flow patterns show that the wind-induced natural ventilation rate of a refuge floor varies significantly depending on the number of enclosing external walls and the incidence wind angle. A refuge floor, having only one side open, results in the worst natural ventilation and is not recommended.     

Analysis and optimization of ventilation systems for an underground transport interchange building under regular and emergency scenarios

The work and conclusions gained from the analysis of five new underground interchange buildings ongoing in Madrid, Spain, is presented. An additional study was performed for a typical two-level interchange building, and the methodology and results are presented in this paper.First, different ventilation and air conditioning strategies have been analyzed. The main goal is to find the most efficient design in order to maintain pollutants concentration and temperatures below the designed values, at minimum investment and operation costs. Different strategies have been modelled and compared using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, taking into account the buses circulation and the different pollution and heat sources. The final solution developed is based on a physical separation between the island area and the dock area. Conclusions on the efficiency of the different design strategies and possible pitfalls are presented.Secondly, different fire scenarios are analyzed. The main goal is to check whether the fire fighting measures planned, such as mechanical ventilation and a curtains system to define smoke sectors are able to cope with a fire emergency situation. A model for the bus fire has been developed, including heat release and smoke production. The main results presented are temperature fields, visibility and smoke concentration.     

西藏拉萨贡嘎机场航站楼空调设计

介绍该工程通风、空调系统设计，重点说明了气流组织、水系统、防排烟系统等的设计思路和对策，并总结了设计体会。     

深圳国际机场新航站楼的空调设计

介绍了该工程的通风、空调,防排烟系统和空调自控设计、给出了空调主要设计参数、空调系统形式;设计时结合建筑特点,采用了新颖送风方式。运行结果表明工程达到设计要求。