基于指标规范值的区域生态环境质量灰色聚类评价

[目的]采用指标规范值的灰色聚类法对区域生态环境质量进行评价.[方法]以巢湖流域为例,介绍了基于指标规范值的区域生态环境质量灰色聚类评价法,并将评价结果与未确知测度法得出的评价结果相比较,进一步验证该方法在区域生态环境质量评价中的可行性.[结果]基于指标规范值的区域生态环境质量灰色聚类评价,将同级标准规范值相近的指标归为一类,同属一类的指标只需设计为相同的白化函数,从而大大减少了白化函数的设计个数.将指标规范值的灰色聚类法用于巢湖流域的区域生态环境质量评价,其评价结果与未确知测度评价法的评价结果基本一致,除流域总体相差一级外,合肥、巢湖、六安的生态环境质量分别属于3级(及格)、4级(较差)、5级(差),表明该方法具有实用性.[结论]该研究可为区域生态环境综合治理对策的制定提供理论依据.     

昌黎县葡萄沟土壤肥力综合评价与对策研究

[目的]研究昌黎县葡萄沟葡萄园的土壤肥力现状,为合理施肥,提高葡萄的产量和品质提供科学依据.[方法]对昌黎县葡萄沟有代表性的葡萄园土壤样品进行理化性状测定和分析,运用修订的内梅罗综合指数法对该地区土壤肥力进行综合评价.[结果]昌黎县葡萄沟土壤pH值偏酸性,容重偏大,有机质含量贫乏,碱解氮含量偏低,速效磷含量丰富,部分葡萄园土壤存在钾素含量偏低,土壤供钾潜力不高的问题,绝大部分土壤处于无盐害的安全区.综合评价结果表明:昌黎县葡萄沟土壤综合肥力系数平均值为1.15,与土壤肥力等级划分指标相比,属三级,土壤肥力一般,其限制因子有有机质、碱解氮、容重、pH值和速效钾.[结论]可通过适量施用石灰,改良土壤酸性;增施有机肥;开展配方施肥,提高化肥利用率等措施提高昌黎县葡萄沟葡萄园土壤肥力.     

基于层次分析和模糊综合评判的尾矿库植物群落评价

以最具代表性的稀土污染城市植物群落-包头轻稀土尾矿库周边植物景观为研究对象,将该区域分为5个研究地块,进行实地调查,并采用AHP(层次分析法)和综合模糊评判法从植物群落生态修复方面进行评价,计算指标层各因素的权重后加权计算各样地的综合评价得分并排序,以期为轻稀土污染城市的植物景观改造和建设提供参考。结果表明:轻稀土尾矿库周边共有植物30科、70属、101种,经问卷调查得出尾矿库周边群落模糊综合评判结果均为中,土壤生态恢复植物群落特征评价S2区综合得分最高为0.326,其次为S3区得分为0.304,S5区得分最低为0.278,评价结果S5区为Ⅰ级,其余均为Ⅱ级,说明人工植物群落的修复效果和稳定性均优于自然植物群落,自然植物群落演替不能有效的改善土壤生态环境。     

基于主客观联合赋权的上海市生态安全评价研究

根据<上海统计年鉴-2010>最新统计数据,通过构建3个准则层和21个评价指标的生态安全评价模型,采用熵值法和层次分析法相结合的主客观赋权法,计算出上海市近10年来的生态安全指数,同时进行动态分析.结果表明,上海生态安全状况总体呈逐年上升趋势.最后,对进一步提高上海市生态安全水平提出相应对策.     

某铀矿水体238U和226Ra污染源项特征及健康风险评价

为了解某铀矿区源项污染特征和对周边居民产生的潜在健康风险,采集场地污染源项水样,测试分析238U和226Ra活度浓度及有效剂量当量,采用箱线图及正态分布来分析其活度浓度分布特征,采用修正内梅罗法对研究区放射性核素和水质污染状况进行评价,对核素经饮水途径在不同年龄段（幼儿、儿童和成人）引起的健康风险进行评价。结果表明,研究区放射性核素238U、226Ra浓度均远超当地背景值,且238U活度浓度高于226Ra;矿井口水样放射性核素含量高于废石和工业场地,矿区水体受放射性核素污染严重;研究区贯穿辐射剂量对周边环境影响较小,核素致癌风险大小顺序为矿井口＞工业场地＞废石场地;放射性核素经饮水途径在不同年龄段引起的放射性风险敏感程度为幼儿＞儿童＞成人,其中幼儿终身致癌风险超过ICRP（国际辐射防护委员会）最大可接受风险值,儿童和成人超标率分别为85.7%、71.4%。     

不同植被恢复措施下红壤强度侵蚀区土壤质量的变化

为了探讨生物治理措施对强度红壤侵蚀区土壤质量的影响,对以草促林和乔灌混交2种治理措施下的土壤质量进行比较结果表明:强度红壤侵蚀群落治24a后,土壤的结构、渗透性、蓄水性能、养分特征、微生物性质及其抗侵蚀能力得到了改善,但土壤养分的恢复程度不高,养分的恢复滞后于物理性质的恢复;质量综合指数分析显示,以草促林治理群落的土壤质量综合指数为0.38,恢复程度较低,乔灌混交治理群落达到了0.80,恢复程度较高;2种治理措施下土壤质量的恢复程度差异较大,体现了不同治理措施恢复效果的差异.     

基于突变级数法的福建省自然保护区与森林公园生态服务功能综合评价

依据突变级数法建立生态服务功能评价指标体系,对福建省自然保护区与森林公园进行综合评价.结果表明,森林生态系统服务价值总量从大到小排列顺序为:武夷山自然保护区＞梅花山自然保护区＞龙栖山自然保护区＞天宝岩自然保护区＞德化石牛山国家森林公园＞旗山国家森林公园＞厦门莲花山国家森林公园＞三明格氏栲国家森林公园＞福州国家森林公园.     

基于主成分模糊评价分析的干旱区土地利用生态安全评价

选取新疆干旱区乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、石河子市和五家渠市4市为研究对象,结合其土地生态利用指标,构建4个城市的土地利用生态安全评价指标体系,运用主成分和模糊综合分析法,得出4市的评价等级。结果表明:乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、石河子市、五家渠市的评价等级得分为2.323 672、2.675 64、2.391 087、1.961 43,乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市和石河子市的评价值都大于2,说明土地利用生态为安全,而五家渠市的土地利用生态为一般。总的来说,这4个市的土地利用生态都为安全。基于评价结果分析,最后提出了提升土地利用生态安全水平的对策建议。     

基于灰关联分析的公交智能化调度评价方法

利用灰关联理论的基本原理,建立公交智能调度评价模型.首先从乘客满意度、经济效益、调度技术水平3方面建立评价指标体系.然后,针对定量、定性指标采用不同的规范化处理方法,并计算指标的灰关联系数.考虑各指标在评价体系中的不同影响程度,确定指标权重值.通过逐层计算灰关联度并排序,分析不同调度方案的优劣.最后,以某公交线路为例,选取传统全程车调度、传统大站快车调度、公交智能化调度3种方案进行分析.计算结果表明,公交智能化调度方案的关联度达到0.938,明显优于其他2种方案.该评价方法切实可行,能够客观评价公交调度方案,从而进行方案决选.     

和林格尔县土地生态健康评价

本文依据和林格尔县特点构建了土地生态健康评价体系,采用层次分析法确定评价因素的权重值,特尔菲法确定了评价因素的相对重要度和各评价因素指标的指数.得出了和林格尔县土地系统处于亚健康状态,并对此提出了改善建议.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)