乳化剂和共乳化剂对甲维盐水乳剂乳液稳定性的影响

在筛选出合适的乳化剂和共乳化剂的基础上,研究了乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)、含量以及共乳化剂含量对1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水乳剂乳液体系稳定性的影响,以及乳化剂在54℃热贮2周的稳定性.结果表明,乳化剂的HLB可以为水乳剂的乳液稳定性提供参考依据,乳液的粒径和表面张力随着乳化剂含量的升高而减小,当乳化剂含量增大到一定程度后,粒径和表面张力开始趋于稳定.共乳化剂对水乳剂的粒径没有太大影响,但可以显著降低水乳剂的表面张力,增强体系的稳定性.水乳剂乳液粒径和表面张力在一定范围内可以反映出乳液体系的稳定性,当粒径和表面张力变小时,乳化剂HLB、含量或共乳化剂含量能够满足热贮稳定性,则此时乳化剂或共乳化剂种类及含量为最佳.     

30%乙氧氟草醚·乙草胺水乳剂的研制

[目的]探讨制备30%乙氧氟草醚·乙草胺水乳剂产品的方法.[方法]以乙氧氟草醚、乙草胺、乳化剂、溶剂、抗冻剂、消泡剂等为主要原料,对30%乙氧氟草醚·乙草胺水乳剂的制备方法及配方中各组分的最佳含量进行了研究,并对该水乳剂各项性能指标进行了测试评价.[结果]30％乙氧氟草醚·乙草胺水乳剂各组分的最佳配比为:5.0％乙氧氟草醚,25.0％乙草胺.15.0％200#溶剂油,5.2％ S-80乳化剂,2.8％ 602# 乳化剂,4.0％乙二醇,0.3％消泡剂,自来水补足100％.经测试,所得制剂外观、分散性、乳液稳定性、热储析水率及分解率等均符合水乳剂标准.[结论]30％乙氧氟草醚·乙草胺水乳剂加工工艺较简单,性能稳定,质量可靠,且毒性低,贮运及使用安全,与环境相容性好,成本较低,具有较强的市场竞争力.     

对二甲氨基苯甲醛缩邻氨基苯甲酸与锑的荧光猝灭反应及其应用

合成和鉴定了一种新的荧光试剂对二甲氨基苯甲醛缩邻氨基苯甲酸(DBAA),并研究了DBAA与锑的荧光猝灭反应,同时探讨了将其应用于锑分析的最佳条件。实验表明,于10 mL具塞比色试管中,依次加入0.5 mL 1.0×10^-6 mol/L DBAA乙醇溶液、2.0 mL pH 4.00的邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲溶液、3.0 mL无水乙醇、一定量的锑标准溶液,室温反应 20 min,于激发波长λ_ex=338 nm,发射波长λ_em=402 nm 处测定,锑的质量浓度在 0～60 μg/L范围内与其对应的荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.997 8,方法检出限为0.2 μg/L。实验方法应用于自来水和湖水中痕量锑的测定,测定结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.6%～4.3%。     

邻氨基苯甲酸稀土固体配合物的光致发光

合成了一系列组成为Tb1-xYxA3(A=邻氨基苯甲酸,x=0～1.0)的固体配合物。利用红外光谱和荧光光谱研究了配合物的结构和荧光性质。红外光谱的结果表明,掺杂配合物的结构与未掺杂的邻氨基苯甲酸铽相似。荧光光谱的结果显示,Y3+对Tb3+的发光有显著的增敏作用,对荧光增敏的机理进行了探讨。     

15.0%卫根微乳剂对番茄根结线虫的防治效果

[目的]进一步明确15.0%卫根微乳剂的防治效果.[方法]设置15.0%卫根微乳剂7.5、15.0、22.5 L/hm<'2> 3个处理,以1.8%阿维菌素乳油15 L/hm<'2>为对照,研究各处理对番茄根结线虫的防治效果.[结果]卫根微乳剂7.5、15.0、22.5 L/hm<'2>3个处理,药后90 d土壤中2龄幼虫数量减退率分别为-14.10%、38.27%和54.98%.而对照药剂1.8%阿维因素15.0 L/hm<'2>处理的线虫减退率为16.12%.药后90 d 15.0%卫根微乳剂各处理对番茄根结线虫的防治效果分别为66.19%、70.97%和76.00%.而对照药剂为67.10%.[结论]15.0%卫根微乳剂可有效地控制根结线虫对番茄的危害,有较高的推广应用价值.     

2-(2-咪唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸分光光度法测定铜

研究了新显色剂2-(2-咪唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸(IZDBA)与铜的显色反应。结果表明,在pH 4.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,IZDBA与Cu(Ⅱ)形成稳定的摩尔比为2∶1的紫红色络合物,其最大吸收波长为600 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.62×104L.mol-1.cm-1,Cu(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0.08~0.8 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。本方法可不经分离直接测定铝合金和镁合金样品中微量的铜,测定结果与认定值相符。     

2-(2,4-咪唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸分光光度法测定钴

研究了新显色剂2-(2,4-咪唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸(IZDBA)的合成及与钴的显色反应条件。2-氨基咪唑硫酸盐采用亚硝酸盐重氮化后,与间-二甲氨基苯甲酸偶联形成IZD- BA。在pH 8.0的NH_3.H_2O—NH_4Cl缓冲溶液中,IZDBA与Co~(2 )形成组成比为2:1的稳定紫色络合物,其最大吸收波长为610 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.15×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Co~(2 )质量浓度在0～0.8 mg/L范围内遵守比尔定律。方法具有较好的选择性和灵敏度,可以不经分离直接测定合成工业废水中微量钴,RSD(n=6)为2.2%,加标平均回收率为104.5%。     

降低反渗透除盐水系统钠离子含量的技术研讨

二级反渗透生产除盐水,并作为中温中压锅炉的补水,目前为国内首创。通过系统的研究和改造,降低了除盐水中钠离子含量。     

邻甲氧基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与镍高灵敏显色反应的研究及应用

在pH10.5硼砂介质中,在乳化剂OP存在下,镍与邻甲氧基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯(MDAA)生成黄色配合物,其最大吸收波长为538nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.7×10~5,镍含量在0～4μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律,相关系数r=0.9999.本法用于人造奶油和不锈钢餐具浸泡液中镍的测定,并与丁二酮肟法对比,获得较好的结果.     

2-[3-(1H-1,2,4三唑)偶氮]-5-磺甲氨基苯甲酸光度法测定铜的研究

探讨了新显色剂 2 [3 (1H 1,2 ,4三唑 )偶氮 ] 5 磺甲氨基苯甲酸 (简称TRA CH2 SO3H)与铜离子显色的适宜条件及其共存离子的影响 ,建立了TRA CH2 SO3H测定铜的新显色反应体系。结果表明 :在pH6 0～ 7 3范围内 ,铜与试剂形成稳定的紫红色络合物 ,其最大吸收峰位于 5 5 0nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε =3 75× 10 4 ,铜的浓度在 0～ 6μg/ 10mL范围内遵守比尔定律。方法用于合金中铜的测定 ,结果满意     

Quantitative determination of benzyl benzoate in benzyl benzoate lotion NF

The development of a simple, shorter and more accurate method than the NF method for the determination of benzyl benzoate in Benzyl Benzoate Lotion NF is discussed. Hydrolyzed benzyl benzoate was measured spectrophotometrically. Interference from other ingredients of the lotion, oleic acid and triethanolamine was almost negligible. The proposed method was completed in approximately 15 minutes, as opposed to the two hours required by the NF procedure.     

二次冷轧机组乳化液管路直接混合润滑系统开发

 针对传统直喷润滑系统不能实现乳化液流量与浓度的同时在线调整,造成二次冷轧机组升降速与钢种切换过程中轧制不稳定、板厚与板形质量不佳、轧制能耗与油耗总成本较高等问题,结合二次冷轧机组的设备及工艺特点,在搭建的试验平台上完成了乳化液管路直接混合润滑系统关键设备选型,提出了一套适合于二次冷轧机组的乳化液管路直接混合润滑系统设计方案、对管路直接混合与混合箱搅拌混合乳化液特性进行了对比,并将该润滑系统应用到某钢铁企业1 220二次冷轧机组的生产实践,有效提升了轧制稳定性、带钢厚度与板形质量、降低了轧制能耗与油耗总成本。     

轧制乳化液的工业试验及应用

工艺润滑可以有效地降低轧制力能消耗,减少金属损失,改善表面质量.根据工厂的特定条件,对乳化液I、II做了对比试验,结果表明:在相同的条件下,使用乳化液I比使用乳化液II,轧制力平均降低40 7%、轧制能耗平均降低33 3%、每班节水约0 6m3;辊耗减少0 11kg/t、中间废品率降低0 2%;油耗降低0 27kg/t,可以在体积浓度1 4%使用.乳化液腐败会直接导致其防锈性能下降,最终使乳化液II报废;所以延长乳化液使用周期必须加强使用维护,乳化液槽内温度应控制在50～55℃.     

冷轧乳化废水生物破乳

利用分离的热带假丝酵母JM-1的培养液作破乳剂对冷轧乳化废水进行了生物破乳研究.该培养液在常温下8 h可使乳化废水的破乳率达97.1%,与化学破乳剂SYM+PAC 93.1%的破乳率相比具有更强的破乳活性,且受废水的pH值和温度影响很小.通过对全培养液、离心上清液、菌体和空白培养基的破乳效果对比表明,代谢过程中产生的生物表面活性剂是生物破乳的主要活性成分.热带假丝酵母JM-1菌株发酵液用于冷轧乳化废水破乳具有破乳率高、浮渣少及不产生二次污染等优点,可作为冷轧乳化废水的生物破乳剂.     

Mathematical modelling of drug transport in emulsion systems

Two mathematical models for the prediction of drug transport in triphasic (oil, water and micellar) emulsion systems as a function of micellar concentration have been developed and these models were evaluated by comparing experimental and simulated data. Fick's first law was used to derive a transport model for hydrophilic drugs, assuming that the oil/water (o/w) partitioning process was fast compared with membrane transport and therefore drug transport was limited by the membrane. Consecutive rate equations were used to model transport of hydrophobic drugs in emulsion systems assuming that the o/w interface acts as a barrier to drug transport. Benzoic acid and phenol were selected as hydrophilic model drugs. Phenylazoaniline and benzocaine were selected as hydrophobic model drugs. Transport studies at pH 3.0 and 7.0 were conducted using side-by-side diffusion cells. According to the hydrophilic model, an increase in micellar concentration is expected to decrease drug transport rates. The effective permeability coefficients (Peff) of drugs were calculated using an equation relating Peff and the total apparent volume of drug distribution (determined experimentally using drug/membrane permeability and partition coefficient values). The hydrophobic model was fitted to the experimental data for the cumulative amount of model drug in the receiver cells using a weighted least-squares estimation program (PCNONLIN). The oil/continuous phase partitioning rates (k1) and the membrane transport rates (k2) were estimated. The goodness of fit was assessed from the correlation coefficients of plots of predicted versus experimental data. The predicted data were consistent with the experimental data for both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic models.     

Kinetic treatment of chemical reactions in emulsion metallurgy

Chemical reactions in emulsion metallurgy often take place under transistoric phase contact without mixing within the extracting phase, especially if the phase is finely dispersed. A kinetic treatment of this type of reaction is presented. Limiting cases which correspond to near to – and far from – equilibrium are discussed. Three examples: 1. manganese oxidation in the basic oxygen converter, 2. hot metal desulphurization by lime or calcium carbide, and 3. seperation of hydrogen from liquid steel by inert gas bubbling are calculated. In the case of manganese oxidation, the reaction at the droplets proceeds almost until the equilibrium, whereas in the case of desulphurization the reaction is far from equilibrium. The separation of hydrogen is described by somewhat different equations compared to the other two cases, as the hydrogen reaction obeys Sievert's law and the bubble size changes with change of ferrostatic pressure.