基于指数函数的归一化变步长LMS算法

在研究归一化最小均方误差(NLMS)算法的基础上,提出一种基于指数函数的变步长LMS算法。通过建立误差 和步长 的函数关系,实时调整步长,并对输入信号完成时域信号解相关,解决稳态失调系数与收敛速度的矛盾。仿真实验结果证明,该算法与传统LMS算法、SVS_LMS算法、NLMS算法以及双曲正切变步长LMS算法相比,具有更高的收敛速度和较小的稳态失调系数。     

一种改进变步长LMS算法的性能研究

在对传统LMS算法、变步长LMS算法及其改进算法分析的基础上,提出了一种改进的变步长LMS算法。新算法通过建立步长因子与误差信号之间的非线性函数关系,使其初始阶段和时变阶段步长自适应增大和稳态阶段步长很小,理论分析及计算机的仿真结果表明,该算法可保证较快的收敛速度和较小的失调,能更好地解决收敛速度和稳态误差的内在矛盾,可更好地应用于自适应系统中。     

一种基于LMS改进算法的语音增强方法

LMS算法在自适应滤波器中得到广泛应用,但这种方法具有收敛速度慢,步长需要谨慎选择才能达到收敛和失调的折中等缺点。文章把一种变步长的LMS算法应用到语音增强中,此算法通过建立步长因子μ与迭代次数n之间的一种函数关系提出一种新的变步长LMS算法,在迭代过程中在开始时采用大步长参数进行迭代,达到稳态后减小步长参数。仿真结果证明该方法对带噪语音有明显的去噪效果,有效地提高了语音的清晰度和可懂度。该算法明显优于传统LMS算法,较之提高了收敛速度并减小了稳态误差。     

一种新的LMS自适应滤波算法分析仿真研究

传统变步长最小均方(LMS)算法存在收敛速度慢、易受噪声干扰等缺点,为了提高算法的性能,通过对变步长LMS算法进行分析研究,在步长因子x(n)与误差信号e(n)的相关统计量之间建立一种新的非线性函数关系,提出了一种新的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法。该算法采用误差信号的自相关时间均值来调节步长,并用绝对估计误差的扰动量以加快自适应滤波器抽头权向量的收敛。理论分析与计算机仿真结果表明:与SVSLMS和G-SVSLMS算法比较,该算法具有较快的收敛速度、较小的稳态误差以及较强的抗干扰能力。     

改进SVSLMS算法在系统辨识中的应用及性能分析

通过建立步长因子μ与误差信号e（n）之间的非线性函数关系,提出了一种改进的自适应可变步长最小均方（LMS）算法。该算法具有在误差e（n）接近0处缓慢变化的优点,克服了S函数变步长LMS算法在自适应稳态阶段μ取值偏大的缺点;具有初始阶段和未知系统时变阶段步长自动增大而稳态时步长很小的特点,解决了收敛时间和稳态误差的矛盾。将算法应用到系统辨识中,对比一般的变步长算法,改进的算法在平稳过程中具有更快的辨识速度和更小的稳态误差,同时还具有更好的跟踪时变系统的能力。     

一种改进的LMS算法及其在噪声对消中的应用

在分析传统定步长LMS(Least Mean Square)算法和变步长LMS算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的变步长LMS算法.新算法利用瞬时误差绝对值三次方的指数形式和遗忘因子同时调整步长,更好地解决了收敛速度和稳态误差的矛盾.将三种算法均用到噪声对消中进行比较,仿真结果表明:新算法收敛速率优于传统定步长LMS算法和变步长LMS算法.     

智能天线中变步长LMS自适应波束形成算法研究

波束形成算法是智能天线研究的核心内容,可以使天线有效地接收期望信号并抑制干扰信号,但各种算法均存在计算量大、收敛速度慢、稳态误差大等缺点.为提高系统性能,提出了一种改进的变步长LMS自适应波束形成算法,其步长因子由上一步长因子和自相关误差共同确定.对新算法的性能进行了理论分析,并推导了确保算法收敛的参数α的取值范围.计算机仿真结果与理论分析一致,与现有的变步长算法相比,新的变步长LMS算法具有较快的收敛速度、较小的稳态误差以及较低的算法复杂度,非常适用于智能天线波束形成问题.     

一种改进的变步长自适应滤波算法

为了提高LMS自适应滤波算法的性能,在对传统LMS算法及其改进算法研究的基础上,提出了一种改进的变步长算法.在改进算法中,步长因子与误差信号自相关函数之间建立了一种改进的非线性函数关系.将改进算法应用到系统辨识中,通过计算机仿真结果看出,自适应滤波性能在收敛速度和稳态失调误差等方面得到改善.     

一种改进的变步长LMS自适应算法及分析

现有的变步长LMS算法中,大都采用建立步长因子与误差信号的函数关系的方法,以提高算法的收敛速度和跟踪性能,但由于未考虑输入信号对算法性能的影响,使得当输入信号发生变化后,稳态误差明显增大。为此,在现有算法的基础上,引入了输入信号因子,提出了一种改进算法。该算法可根据瞬时误差和输入信号来调整步长因子,使算法不仅能保持较高的收敛速度和跟踪性能,还可在输入信号变化的情况下,保证较小的稳态误差。理论分析及仿真实验表明新算法的性能优于现有算法。     

基于水声通信的新型变步长最小均方算法

在水声通信中,信道的多径效应会造成严重的码间串扰（ISI）,而现有的均衡算法在处理ISI问题时存在收敛速度慢、稳态误差大、算法复杂不易于硬件移植等问题,为此结合判决反馈均衡器结构前向均衡（FFE）与判决均衡结构（DFE）,提出了一种基于反余弦步长函数和三参数调整因子的变步长最小均方（LMS）算法。首先对三参数因子α、β、r进行算法仿真,优化算法性能,与固定步长LMS算法、基于修正反正切的变步长LMS算法以及基于双曲正割函数的变步长LMS算法的收敛性能和稳态误差进行仿真比较,结果显示：所提算法的收敛速度较固定步长LMS算法提高了57.9%,稳态误差下降5 dB;较双曲正割LMS算法和修正反正切LMS算法提高了26.3%和15.8%,并且算法的稳态误差下降了1~2 dB。最后,将算法移植于信号处理模块,进行水下实验,结果表明,水声信道造成的ISI经过均衡器后,信号得以恢复,能够实际克服多径效应造成的水声信道ISI问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.