用耐高温α-淀粉酶构建时间-温度积分器

食品工业杀菌过程中,测量食品内部温度随时间变化的情况对于控制杀菌过程至关重要,时间-温度积分器(TTI)可以指示食品内部温度随时间变化情况。以耐高温α-淀粉酶为指示剂,采用胶囊包埋技术构建TTI,并对该TTI构建指示酶的热失活动力学模型,以魔芋葡聚糖凝胶食品模拟物为载体,用固体食品流态化超高温杀菌装置对该模型进行验证。统计学分析结果表明:耐高温α-淀粉酶的失活遵循一级动力学规律,实验验证结果与TTI构建的模型之间无显著性差异,TTI技术可以用于酶失活动力学的研究,利用耐高温α-淀粉酶构建的TTI能够满足固体食品流态化超高温杀菌时对食品进行时间-温度指示的要求。     

荠菜过氧化物酶热失活动力学的研究

目的 研究热烫处理引起荠菜过氧化酶(POD)失活的速率常数和动力学规律。方法 对荠菜在80～100℃的热水处理一定时间条件,对荠菜过氧化酶的残余活性进行测定,并用一级动力学模型对过氧化物酶失活动力学进行拟合,分析失活速率常数。结果 热烫处理钝化新鲜荠菜POD活性效果明显,在80～100℃处理范围内,随着处理温度的上升,荠菜POD 失活速率常数k 值从0.01702增加到0.14260,反应活化能为114 kJ/mol。一级动力学模型拟合决定系数R²＞0.99。结论 荠菜POD 的热失活动力学符合一级动力学模型。     

耐温淀粉酶溶液蒸发浓缩过程中的质量评估

研究了异形竖板降膜蒸发器浓缩耐温淀粉酶过程中的酶失活动力学 ,并在浓缩过程中酶失活动力学的基础上 ,提出了蒸发浓缩耐温淀粉酶时的质量评估准则     

烫漂过程中荠菜过氧化物酶失活动力学模型研究

采用一级动力学模型、Weibull分布模型、Logistic模型对荠菜烫漂过程中过氧化酶失活动力学模型进行拟合。以决定系数（R2）、卡方（x2）、均方根误差（RMSE）、精确因子（A_f）、偏差因子（B_f）等为评价指标，分析模型的拟合效果。利用模型预测不同烫漂温度的烫漂工艺条件，同时以维生素C的含量为指标，评价不同烫漂工艺对维生素C含量的影响。结果表明:Logistic模型拟合烫漂过程中荠菜过氧化物失活动力学效果好，拟合精度高，拟合值与实测值偏差小，其决定系数R2为0.9980，x2为0.96×10?4，RMSE为0.0097，A_f为1.1304，B_f为1.0070。在过氧化物酶95%失活的条件下，依据Logistic模型预测，100 ℃下烫漂20 s，80 ℃下烫漂287 s，POD相对酶活在0.050±0.001之间；烫漂后维生素C含量也存在显著性差异，高温短时烫漂后的维生素C损失较少。POD失活动力学模型预测烫漂工艺条件，可以减少维生素C等热敏性营养成分损失。     

Nisin、ε-聚赖氨酸和温度对枯草芽孢杆菌失活动力学的影响

以源自熟制对虾虾仁的优势腐败菌枯草芽孢杆菌为对象,对温度(25、37和45℃)、Nisin和ε-聚赖氨酸在酸性环境(p H=5)作用下其失活效应进行分析,并采用线性模型、Weibull模型、Log-logistic模型对不同处理条件下枯草芽孢杆菌的失活动力学进行拟合和评价。结果表明:25～45℃时,枯草芽孢杆菌失活量随Nisin和ε-聚赖氨酸的浓度变化而变化。温度由25℃升高至45℃,Nisin和ε-聚赖氨酸作用下枯草芽孢杆菌失活量呈先升后降趋势,37℃时失活效果最佳,25℃和45℃时,ε-聚赖氨酸作用下的失活效果优于Nisin,37℃时,两者差异不显著。处理180 min终点枯草芽孢杆菌数均降至0。Log-logistic模型与Weibull模型均能很好拟合其失活过程,而线性模型难以描述失活动力学,Log-logistic模型拟合优度优于Weibull模型。通过构建虾源枯草芽孢杆菌在温度、Nisin和ε-聚赖氨酸作用下失活模型,为优化靶向生物杀菌和延长水产品货架期等提供依据。     

α-淀粉酶热稳定剂及失活动力学研究

α-淀粉酶在高温条件下半衰期短,易失活,提高其热稳定性的方法有:添加稳定剂、化学修饰、固定化等.研究了加入热稳定剂醋酸钙、乳酸钠后α-淀粉酶的热稳定性及失活动力学,测定了半衰期(t1/2)、失活速率常数(k)、活化能(Ea)等参数.结果表明,在α-淀粉酶中加入0.01 mol/L醋酸钙后,80℃酶的半衰期(t1/2)从<1.8 min提高到89.9 min,加入0.02 mol/L乳酸钠后提高到167.1 min,大大提高了α-淀粉酶的热稳定性;未加热稳定剂的淀粉酶失活动力学符合一级反应(R2>0.99);添加热稳定剂后酶的失活动力学发生变化,但失活中后期符合一级反应(R2>0.98).     

液体碱性脂肪酶稳定性的化学动力学研究

从多方面考察了碱性有肪酶超滤浓缩液的稳定性，推导出液体碱性脂肪酶失活动力学方程，得到了液体碱脂肪酶的失活级数为１．３６级。     

肉桂醛促进即食牛肉中蜡样芽孢杆菌热失活的动力学模型

为了研究不同浓度肉桂醛对即食牛肉中蜡样芽孢杆菌热失活动力学的影响规律,建立热失活一级模型和二级模型,设定肉桂醛质量分数梯度为0%、0.1%、0.5%、1%,温度为55、60、65、70℃,预测即食牛肉中蜡样芽孢杆菌的失活曲线。结果表明,Weibull模型可准确描述蜡样芽孢杆菌的热失活规律,随着肉桂醛浓度的增加,对牛肉中蜡样芽孢杆菌的抑制效果显著增加,在55、60、65、70℃时,添加1%肉桂醛使即食牛肉中蜡样芽孢杆菌的t_5.0分别降低了17、8.98、2.82和1.4 min,使用多项式模型进行二级模型的拟合,拟合效果较好。因此,该研究得出,肉桂醛可显著降低蜡样芽孢杆菌的热抵抗性,减少热杀菌对即食食品品质的影响,所建立的蜡样芽孢杆菌热失活预测模型,可为即食牛肉制品安全控制技术的建立提供参考。     

毕赤酵母液态木聚糖酶的酶学特性研究

研究了毕赤酵母液态木聚糖酶的部分酶学特性,包括其最适温度、最适pH、温度稳定性和热失活动力学、pH稳定性和pH失活动力学,以及金属离子、有机溶剂对毕赤酵母液态木聚糖酶酶活特性的影响。结果表明,毕赤酵母液态木聚糖酶的最适温度为55℃、最适pH为pH5.6;温度为25℃时,pH5.6-6.4该液态木聚糖酶失活速率缓慢。毕赤酵母液态木聚糖酶在50℃以下在150 min内比较稳定的,70℃在30 min内几乎全部失活。Cu2+,Zn2+,Fe3+表现为不同程度的抑制作用。Mn2+,Mg2+对木聚糖有激活作用。乙醇和甘油对毕赤酵母液态木聚糖酶有轻微的抑制作用,蔗糖和Vc对毕赤酵母液态木聚糖酶有不同程度的激活作用。     

砀山酥梨膜结合态与可溶态多酚氧化酶性质比较

为探究砀山酥梨膜结合态多酚氧化酶（mPPO）性质,本文以砀山酥梨为原料,研究其mPPO催化特性及热失活动力学,并与可溶态多酚氧化酶（sPPO）性质进行比较。结果表明:以邻苯二酚为底物时,mPPO与sPPO催化特性及热失活动力学性质不同。mPPO比活力及对底物亲和力高于sPPO。mPPO在pH4.50时酶活最高,而sPPO最适pH为5.00。mPPO酸碱稳定性高于sPPO,mPPO在pH3.50～4.50环境中保持24 h后酶活大于原始酶活。砀山酥梨mPPO在35～45 ℃温度区间内活性最高,且mPPO在55～75 ℃区间热稳定性高于sPPO。热失活动力学分析结果表明,热处理对sPPO及mPPO的钝化均符合一级反应动力学,动力学参数E_a值及Z_T值分析表明mPPO比sPPO催化反应对温度的依赖性更小,热耐受性更高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press