紫外老化作用下钢结构涂层受风沙冲蚀性能研究

针对内蒙古地区钢结构建筑及构筑物长期受区域特殊环境（高原强紫外环境、风沙环境）影响这一现状,根据内蒙古中西部地区区域自然环境特征,利用人工加速紫外老化试验箱和模拟风沙环境侵蚀实验系统,对钢结构聚氨酯涂层进行紫外老化试验和老化后风沙冲蚀试验,应用纳米压痕仪及漆膜弹性测试仪分析紫外线辐射对钢结构涂层基本力学性能的影响,同时结合傅里叶变换红外光谱FT-IR和扫描电子显微镜SEM分析钢结构涂层在紫外辐照下的老化行为,对紫外老化作用下钢结构涂层受风沙冲蚀性能进行研究。结果表明：未老化钢结构聚氨酯涂层硬度为16.41MPa,柔韧性为0.5mm,紫外老化导致钢结构涂层硬度及柔韧性明显降低,紫外老化三年后钢结构涂层硬度降低为原来的55.63%;紫外老化作用使钢结构聚氨酯涂层化学键发生断裂,其中C-O和C-N键断裂最终生成氨基自由基,释放出CO2,且涂层出现了明显的裂纹、起皮、皲裂,并出现了老化残渣和白色结晶物质,涂层的粗糙度增加;钢结构涂层受紫外老化作用后,冲蚀率增加,耐冲蚀性能明显降低,低角度冲蚀时钢结构涂层破坏的主要原因是水平方向的微切削作用,高角度冲蚀时钢结构涂层破坏的主要原因是垂直方向的挤压变形作用。紫外老化作用使钢结构涂层最大冲蚀率角度由38°变为30°～35°之间,紫外老化作用导致钢结构涂层最大冲蚀率角度减小。     

火焰喷涂镍基碳化钨涂层的高温冲蚀磨损特性

ｘ－射线衍射、能谱分析和ＳＥＭ研究镍基碳化钨自熔性合金粉末火焰喷涂涂层，合金中碳化钨的含量对涂层的组织结构、孔隙率和硬度产生重要影响，进而使涂层的高温冲蚀磨损机制发生相应的变化。随涂层中碳化钨含量的增高，材料流失由基体塑性变形为主转变为碳化钨硬质相的脆性断裂为主，高韧性的Ｎｉ（γ）固溶体对碳化钨起支撑保护作用，弥散分布的硬质相改善了涂层的耐磨性。结果表明，Ｎｉ－ＷＣ３５涂层具有最佳的抗高温冲蚀性能     

封严涂层的抗冲蚀性与冲蚀速度的关系

在自制的真空自由落砂式冲蚀磨损试验机上,对几种中温封严涂层的冲蚀率与冲蚀速度之间的关系进行了试验研究。结果表明,冲蚀率与冲蚀速度存在幂函数关系,速度指数随冲蚀角度增大而增大,在较高角度冲蚀时,速度指数比一般塑怀材料和脆性材料的高。基于冲蚀压痕效面,较好地解释了在９０°冲蚀时涂层的冲蚀率与冲蚀速度３次方成正比的关系。     

高速电弧喷涂7Cr13涂层冲蚀磨损性能及其机理研究

采用高速电弧喷涂技术,在45钢表面制备了7Cr13涂层。利用气砂型冲蚀磨损试验机研究了涂层在不同温度和不同冲击角度下的冲蚀磨损性能,借助SEM、EDS和XRD分析了涂层的冲蚀磨损机理。结果表明,高速电弧喷涂7Cr13涂层的冲蚀磨损率随温度的升高而升高;在30℃时,冲蚀磨损率随冲击角度的增加而增加,而在450℃时,冲蚀磨损率则随冲击角度的增加而降低;且不同条件下的冲蚀磨损机理各不相同。     

风沙环境下风速对风力机叶片冲蚀磨损的数值模拟

针对水平轴风力发电机叶片的冲蚀磨损问题,利用FLUENT中的离散相模型,以风速作为影响因素,对叶片冲蚀率的分布进行了数值模拟.结果表明,风速增大,导致叶片磨损率增大,叶片中部和叶尖都有明显磨损,且叶尖处磨损最为严重,模拟计算值与实验结果吻合,验证了该数学模型和计算方法的正确性.     

结构陶瓷材料冲蚀磨损特性的研究

采用多因素正交试验法,求出材料磨损的回归方程,并结合单因素试验,系统地研究了SiC、Si_3N_4。和Al_2O_3三种典型结构陶瓷材料的冲蚀磨损特性,研究结果对实际生产具有指导意义。     

结构陶瓷材料冲蚀磨损特性的研究

采用多因素正交试验法，求出材料磨损的回归方程，并结合单因素试验，系统地研究了ＳｉｉＣ、Ｓｉ３ｎ４和Ａｌ２Ｏ３三种典型结构陶瓷材料的冲蚀磨损特性，研究结果对实际生产具有指导意义。     

省煤器管材料热冲蚀磨损的研究

利用自制热冲蚀磨损强化模拟试验装置,对制造省煤器管的20钢进行了热冲蚀磨损试验研究。结果表明:最大冲蚀率出现在20°攻角,而且材料的冲蚀率随气流速度增大,气流温度升高和气流中磨粒密度的增大而增加。扫描电镜观察表明,20钢的冲浊机制包括切削,犁削和冲击坑,其中低攻角时以前两者为主,高攻角时以后者为主。     

冲蚀条件下等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的磨损特性

研究了在固体颗粒冲蚀条件下 ,不同冲击速度、不同磨料尺寸等因素对等离子喷涂Al2 O3 陶瓷涂层冲蚀磨损率的影响 ,并在不同条件下与 2 0钢进行了对比试验 ,分析了等离子喷涂Al2 O3 陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性及磨损机理 ,提出等离子喷涂Al2 O3 陶瓷涂层具有脆性特征的冲蚀磨损特性 ,它适用于细磨料低速冲蚀磨损条件     

高温下氮化硅的摩擦学性能研究

利用球—盘摩擦副滑动磨损试验机，从常温到1000℃之间的5个阶段温度范围内考察了氮化硅的摩擦磨损特性以及磨损机理，并利用扫描电子显微镜观察和分析了氮化硅表面所形成的氧化层对摩擦和磨损特性的影响。结果表明：摩擦系数随载荷增加而减少，但主要受温度的影响；在常温下，磨损率随滑动距离的增加而下降，在载荷为29．4N下，温度从常温增加到1000℃时磨损率增加了292倍；常温～750℃之间磨损机理主要表现为脆性破坏，750～1000℃之间随温度的上升磨损主要受表面氧化的影响。     

热处理温度对化学镀Ni-P镀层组织和磨损性能的影响

利用化学镀在ZL113铝合金表面制备了非晶态Ni-P镀层,通过SEM和XRD表征了其在300℃-400℃系列温度下处理80min后表面形貌和物相组成,并用摩擦-磨损试验考察了Ni-P镀层磨损机制。结果表明,热处理使得化学镀Ni-P镀层晶粒尺寸增大,其显微硬度随热处理温度增加,呈准高斯分布,当热处理温度在350℃时,其硬度达到最大值611.2HV;热处理温度对镀层摩擦系数影响较小,Ni-P镀层磨损过程分三个阶段：磨粒磨损、粘着磨损+磨粒磨损、粘着磨损,在350℃热处理时耐磨性能最佳。     

烧结法建筑装饰微晶玻璃冲蚀磨损研究

利用冲蚀磨损实验研究了影响CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统烧结法微晶玻璃装饰板材冲蚀行为，通过正交实验，讨论了磨粒种类、冲蚀角、冲蚀时间，磨粒粒径等因素对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的冲蚀性的影响。     

钢结构防火涂料使用问题分析及改进措施

就钢结构防火涂料使用的现状及存在的问题进行分析,提出如何加强对钢结构防火涂料的监督管理     

Tribological Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Reinforced with Nanometer Hydroxy Apatite

As a potential artificial cartilage material, the friction and wear properties of nano-hydroxy apatite （HA） particles filled poly （vinyl alcohol） hydrogel （PVA-H） composites sliding against stainless steel disk under water lubrication condition were studied by using a four ball tester. The worn surfaces were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope （SEM） to determine the wear mechanisms. Experimental results show that filling HA to PVA-H will slightly increase the friction coefficient of composites with the increasing of HA content under water lubrication condition. Meanwhile, HA particles can greatly reduce the wear mass loss of the PVA-H composites and enhance the load carrying capacity, the wear loss of the 1 wt% HA reinforced PVA-H composites can be decreased by 30 percent under 2.0 MPa to 50 percent under 0.5 MPa contact pressure. We also found that 2 wt% HA content of composites increase the wear mass loss under the same condition. SEM examination shows that the worn surface of low HA containing （1 wt%） composites are much smoother than that of pure PVA-H or high HA containing （2 wt%） composites under 1.5 MPa contact pressure. It is also found that there are big hole and big reunited HA particles in the surface of 2 wt% HA containing composites, which leads to deterioration of the surface of samples under higher loads in water lubrication. These results may be useful in the tribological design of artificial articular cartilage material.     

Tribological Properties of Polyvinyl Mcohol Hydrogel Reinforced with Nanometer Hydroxy Apatite

As a potential artificial cartilage material,the friction and wear properties of nano-hydroxy apatite(HA)particles filled poly(vinyl alcohol)hydrogel(PVA-H)composites sliding against stainless steel disk under water lubrication condition were studied by using a four ball tester.The worn surfaces were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)to determine the wear mechanisms.Experimental results show that filling HA to PVA-H will slightly increase the friction coefficient of composites with the increasing of HA content under water lubrication condition.Meanwhile,HA particles can greatly reduce the wear mass loss of the PVA-H composites and enhance the load carrying capacity,the wear loss of the 1 wt% HA reinforced PVA-H composites can be decreased by 30 percent under 2.0 MPa to 50 percent under 0.5 MPa contact pressure.We also found that 2 wt% HA content of composites increase the wear mass loss under the same condition.SEM examination shows that the worn surface of low HA containing(1 wt%)composites are much smoother than that of pure PVA-H or high HA containing(2 wt%)composites under 1.5 MPa contact pressure.It is also found that there are big hole and big reunited HA particles in the surface of 2 wt% HA containing composites,which leads to deterioration of the surface of samples under higher loads in water lubrication.These results may be useful in the tribological design of artificial articular cartilage material.     

Tribological Properties of PVA-H Composites Reinforced by Nano-HA Particles

The friction and wear behaviors of tribological mechanical components were studied on a four-ball tester under dry conditions, and the wear mechanism was analyzed by observed worn surface using a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. It was found that the friction and wear properties were improved by the addition ofnano HA particles. The composite containing 1 wt% nano HA had the optimum friction coefficient. It is also found that the addition of nano HA increases the wear resistance of oure PVA-H and PVA-H composites.     

碳化铬-镍铬涂层对几种陶瓷的滑动摩擦磨损

在ＭＭ－２００块－环接触磨损试验机上，测定了等离子喷涂碳化铬－镍铬涂层对烧结Ａｌ２Ｏ３、热压烧结Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＳｉＣ和等离子喷涂ＴｉＯ２涂层等四种陶瓷材料在干摩擦条件下的滑动摩擦系数和磨损量；利用ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＡＸ和ＸＲＤ等技术，观察和分析了摩擦副材料在磨损后的形貌、物质转移和物相转变；讨论了摩擦副材料的显微结构和某些物理性能、机械性能对碳化铬－镍铬涂层摩擦磨损行为的影响，结果表明：涂层与不同陶瓷对磨，不仅其磨损量相差很大，而且其摩擦磨损机理也不相同，摩擦磨损过程中对磨材料向涂层表面的转移，有利于提高涂层的耐磨能力。配对陶瓷的显微颗粒尺寸和弹性模量愈小，导热系数愈高，则与碳化铬－镍铬涂层的配对性能愈好。     

Tribological properties of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings in rolling/sliding contact under boundary lubrication

Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were prepared under a given bath composition and operation parameters of electroless plating. The tribological properties of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings after annealing at 400℃ for 1 h were tested in rolling/sliding contact under boundary lubrication condition using a two-roller tribometer. The measurement contained friction coefficient, contact surface temperature, contact electrical resistance, and wear rate of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings under various slide to roll ratios, loads, and rolling speeds. For the simultaneous examination of the effect of the chosen parameters on the tribological properties of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, an orthogonal regression experimental design method was used.     

喷射式浆体冲蚀磨损试验机的研制及其性能考核

冲刷腐蚀磨损广泛存在于现代工业生产中,造成了大量的材料消耗.目前对浆体冲蚀磨损规律的认知还存在较大的局限性,要对浆体冲蚀磨损进行深入的研究,必须研制能较好模拟实际工况条件的试验装置,在比较现有冲蚀磨损试验机优缺点以及考虑制造成本的基础上,设计并制造了一台喷射式浆体冲蚀磨损试验装置.该试验机经过性能考核,证明其性能可靠,参数易于调节,可用于材料耐磨性能对比及浆体冲蚀磨损机理研究.     

Tribological behaviors of spot-textured TiN coatings on M2 high-speed steel under boundary lubricated conditions

The effect of sliding duration on the tribological behaviors of spot patterned coatings was investigated. Two patterns based on physical vapor deposition （PVD） TiN coatings were used, such as, in-lined （IN） and staggered （ST） spots. The tribological behaviors were evaluated by using a Cameron-Plint wear test rig. The M2 steel discs deposited TiN coatings with IN and ST patterns slid against the ASSAB 17 tool steel pins at a speed of 0.23 m/s, in Shell Tellus T32 lubricant and were loaded with 900 N. The testing results on disc specimens with two types of PVD TiN spot patterns, all coated with a bias voltage of-180 V and slid for 4, 8 and 11 h respectively, were presented. The results revealed that the in-lined coatings possessed relatively better wear behaviors than the staggered pattern coatings. Mechanisms for such superiority and for the cause of peeling were discussed. A relevant design approach was suggested for the application of such patterned coatings.