分散染料染色涤纶织物水洗牢度的提升

探讨了涤纶织物分散染料染色后清洗的工艺条件,分析了清洗工艺、热定形温度、后整理助剂对涤纶织物耐洗色牢度的影响。结果表明,采用涤棉皂洗剂与涤纶牢度提升剂DM-1593配合使用,其清洗效果好于传统还原清洗工艺。不同后整理助剂对涤纶定形后的色牢度影响较大,涤纶牢度提升剂DM-2561明显有助于提高涤纶成品的色牢度。     

活性染料低温皂洗剂的应用研究

低温皂洗是活性染料染色过程实现节能降耗的重要环节,探讨了皂洗剂类型、皂洗温度、皂洗时间、助剂用量、工作液pH等对皂洗效果的影响,在低温皂洗剂DM-1542用量为2~3 g/L,皂洗温度60℃,皂洗时间30 min,pH=10的工艺条件下,染色后的皂洗牢度可达到常规高温工艺的水平,且皂洗后织物得色量略高于常规工艺.     

分散型阳离子荧光染料

采用分散型阳离子荧光染料对改性涤纶织物进行染色,研究了染料浓度、染色温度、染色时间、染浴pH值等因素对染色织物K/S值和荧光性能的影响。结果表明,分散型阳离子荧光染料上染改性涤纶织物的最佳工艺:染料2%(omf),染色温度120℃,染色时间40 min,染色pH值4.5。在该工艺条件下,改性涤纶织物具有较好的染色效果和色牢度。     

分散荧光染料涤纶低温染色工艺

将苯甲醇用于涤纶分散荧光染料低温染色,研究了苯甲醇用量、分散剂用量、染料用量、染浴pH、染色温度、染色时间等对涤纶染色K/S值的影响,并测试了染色织物耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度。结果表明:苯甲醇可作为涤纶分散荧光染料低温染色助剂,可有效降低涤纶染色温度;涤纶低温染色的最佳染色工艺为pH=5、100℃保温60 min、分散荧光黄10GN的苯甲醇用量为15 mL/L、分散荧光红R-G的苯甲醇用量为45 mL/L,低温染色处理织物的耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度均可达到4~5级。     

无味载体DM-2308对涤纶低温染色性能研究

文中介绍了环保无味载体DM-2308的基本性能,并用于涤纶织物低温染色。探讨了不同温度、时间、p H值和载体用量对染色织物K/S值的影响,比较了低温载体法和高温高压法的染色效果,测试分析了K/S值、染色牢度,并将DM-230应用于生产实践中。结果表明,载体用量为3%,p H值为4.5~6.5,温度110℃、时间60 min,K/S值可以达到130℃高温高压常规染色工艺的91%以上,耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度与常规染色工艺基本一致;低温载体DM-2308染色法在涤毛织物大生产低温染色中K/S值大于26,可大幅提升分散染料低温染色的上染率,能够满足涤纶混纺织物低温染色的要求。     

超细涤纶织物低温除油工艺研究

采用低温除油剂DM-1133对超细涤纶织物进行了低温除油处理,探论了除油剂体积分数、Na OH质量浓度、除油温度及保温时间对除油效果的影响,采用正交实验优化了工艺,并对比了去油前后的染色K/S值。结果表明,在优化工艺条件:除油剂DM-1133为7 m L/L,氢氧化钠1.5 g/L,除油温度为55℃,保温时间30 min下,采用低温除油剂DM-1133对超细涤纶织物进行低温除油处理后,织物毛效13.4 cm,白度为88.3,染色K/S值为9.088,基本与未油污前织物的性能相当,仅断裂强力有少量下降。     

PTT织物的染色工艺研究

选用低温、中温、高温型三种类型的分散染料对PTT织物染色并分析了PTT织物在温度、pH值、时间和浴比等不同的染色条件下的染色结果.通过对染色K/S值和摩擦牢度的检测最终得出结论:低温、中温和高温型的分散染料都适合对PTT织物染色,中浅色最佳的PTT织物染色工艺为温度115℃,pH值为7,染色时间30 min、浴比1:10.而且符合环保的要求,节能降耗.     

涤纶织物的荧光染色

对涤纶织物采用荧光染料进行染色,分析了染料种类、染色温度、时间和pH值等对染色效果的影响,优化了涤纶荧光黄的染色工艺:染料1.5%(omf),pH值6,130℃染色45 min。涤纶织物经荧光黄染色后具有较好的耐光色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度和耐水洗色牢度。     

涤纶织物靛蓝染料染色研究

文章研究了涤纶织物用靛蓝染料染色过程中,染浴pH值、温度、时间、助剂用量对织物得色量K/S值的影响.最终确定靛蓝用量为1%(owf),染浴pH为6～7,温度120～130℃,时间10～20min,尿素用量10g/L的条件下,织物可获得较高的得色深度,摩擦牢度4～5级,水洗牢度4～5级.     

高耐光色牢度还原染料对涤纶织物的热熔法染色

为扩大涤纶织物用高耐光色牢度染料的选择范围,将常用于纤维素纤维染色的高耐光色牢度还原染料以热熔法对涤纶织物进行染色,探讨染色参数对染后涤纶织物K/S值的影响,并比较采用相同染料染色且K/S值相近的棉织物和涤纶织物的摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度和耐光色牢度。结果表明:选用的4种还原染料都可将涤纶织物染至中等深度颜色;涤纶织物的K/S值随着焙烘温度的升高、轧余率以及染料浓度的增加、浸轧染液中增稠剂和尿素的加入而增加;4种染料在涤纶织物上的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度略低于其在棉上的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度,而在2种织物上的耐光色牢度相当。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the