±1000kV特高压直流输电系统设备电晕特性(英文)

Corona performance is an important factor should be taken into consideration in power transmission project designs.Power equipments operate in various environments which will affect their corona inception voltages and thus influence the operation safety of transmission systems.In this paper,corona characteristic tests of bus bars,shielding rings,simulated eight-bundled conductors,and insulators were carried out in areas with different altitudes up to 4 300 m.Simulation tests of environmental factors were carried out in a HVDC corona cage.Based on site tests,it is concluded that corona inception voltages of both bus bar and shielding ball increase with their height to the ground or their dimensions.The influences of water droplet,wind,icing and surface contamination on corona inception voltage were also obtained from the simulation tests.The corona inception voltage of mist is higher than that in saturated water droplets.Conductivity of precipitation has little impact on corona discharges.Corona inception voltage decrease with increasing wind speed.The influence on corona current of glaze is the biggest,and that of hard rime is more than that of soft rime.The impact of pollution material on corona discharge depends on the size of pollution particle.Test results obtained in this paper are solid reference for design of UHV DC transmission projects.     

特高压直流输电用电晕笼的设计(英文)

For the purpose of testing and analysing the corona characteristics of UHVDC bundle conductors, UHVDC corona cage would be built in China. Corona cage is one of the indispensable equipments for conductor corona performance researches. Tests of conductor co- rona characteristics in corona cages can overcome the shortages of those with test lines.The dimensions of several corona cages constructed overseas were introduced in this paper. Based on foreign experiences and the requirement of State Grid Corporation of China, the UHVDC corona cage was designed as double-cage, double-layer, three-sections, and catenary shape with the size of 70 m×22 m×13 m. The corona loss measurement system, radio interference measuring system, and the audible noise measuring system are also detailed, including the measurement theory, connection with the cage, the parameters and the designing basis. The UHVDC corona cage has been put into service. It now undergoes a large amount of audible noise and radio frequency interference tests.     

气压对发电机定子线棒端部电晕放电特性的影响(英文)

According to the mechanism of corona discharge at the end of the generator stator bar,a model of stator bar end corona discharge is presented.In a closed corona cage at low atmospheric pressure,the corona discharge characteristics of the stator bar end model were observed using an ultraviolet imaging instrument and an oscilloscope.The influence of atmospheric pressure on the corona inception voltage and discharge intensity was analyzed.The results show that the corona inception voltage is lower under lower atmospheric pressure;the discharge intensity is stronger under lower atmospheric pressure.The particles swarm-optimized support vector machine was employed to analyze the impacts of air pressure and humidity on the corona inception voltage.Error between the calculated value of the established model and the experimental value is less than 5%.The established model can be used to calculate the corona inception voltage of the stator bar end model.     

大气压针板介质阻挡放电中微流注、电晕和辉光放电相互转换研究（英文）

To discuss the modes of dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) between needle-to-plane electrodes in air,DBD is generated and observed on a needle-to-plane device at atmospheric pressure air.Fast images of the DBD are taken by using a charge couple device(CCD) cinema with a macro lens,while the electrical and photo-electricity waveforms of the DBD are recorded.The current waveforms show that under an applied voltage of 3 kV,there are numerous short current pulses in both positive and negative half-periods of discharges.However,under 6 kV,there are still the numerous short current pulses in the positive half-periods,but only one wide current pulse in each negative half-period.This difference is also found in the photoelectric signals.The streamer,corona and glow discharges are observed from the images of the discharges at different applied voltages.The structure of glow discharge in the negative period is exactly the same as that of the low pressure glow discharge.However,in the positive period of discharge there is always a streamer.In the negative period of discharge,while the applied voltage increases,the transition from corona to glow discharge is observed.The progress of a transition between streamer and glow discharge at 6 kV during one period is analyzed.The glow discharge appearance is determined by two factors: the discharge current is limited to a certain extent by the dielectric layer; the charges deposited on the dielectric layer during the last half period enhance the intensity of the electric field.At an insufficient applied voltage,the cathode drop leads to no glow discharge,but Trichel pulses.     

针水电极电晕放电中的离子风风压分布(英文)

The negative DC corona discharge in air at atmospheric pressure was investigated in a needle-to-water system to obtain the pressure distribution of corona ionic wind.The deformation of water surface was measured and the distribution of wind pressure over the water surface was calculated.The effects of varying discharge parameters,such as applied voltage,gap spacing,tip radius of needle,and the shape of grounded electrode,on the wind pressure were studied.The measured wind pressure ranges from several Pa to several tens of Pa and up to 33 Pa over a small area;the pressure is comparatively large in the center and decreases quickly outwards.In the experiment system,a higher voltage on a 3 mm gap resulted in a stronger pressure of the ionic wind;around the onset voltage,using a needle with tip radius of 50μm obtained a larger wind pressure than using a needle with 100μm tip radius,but the latter one can produce larger pressure at higher voltages.Plus,the shape of the grounded electrode only influences the wind pressure a little.     

电晕放电脉冲电流波形和相位分布的测量、分析与仿真(英文)

Partial discharge(PD) is one of the most important phenomenon in high voltage insulations.In most cases, the appearance of partial discharges is related to insulation defects.Understanding partial discharges is important for diagnosis on insulation condition.Corona discharges appear when extremely high electric field appears on the conductor surface exceeding the electric field strength of the gas.The high electric field may occur at around protrusion with very sharp tip.This paper reported a holistic approach of corona discharge investigation.The needle-plane electrode system was used.The medium between the electrodes was air.The needle was made from steel with radius of curvature of 3μm(Ogura needle).Sinusoidal as well as triangular applied voltages were used.The waveform of the corona discharges was measured using a digital oscilloscope.The corona discharge pulses were measured using a phase-resolved PD measurement system.The system was able to measure the magnitude(q) and phase angle position(φ) of each PD pulses,as well as the number of discharge pulses(n).The role of applied voltage was investigated using phase-resolved analysis of corona discharge pulses through pulse sequence,pulse magnitude and pulse number analysis. Experimental results indicated that corona discharge current waveform was an impulse with rise time of about several ns and the impulse width of about 100 ns.The Fast Fourier Transform analysis indicated that the corona discharge current waveform had several spectrum peaks at frequency of 7.8 MHz,85.9 MHz,109.4 MHz and 195.3 MHz.The experimental results also showed that discharge pulses were concentrated around the peak of applied voltage for both sinusoidal and triangular voltages.The discharge magnitude,as well as its probability of occurrence,was strongly dependent on the instantaneous applied voltage.The shape ofφ-n,as well asφ-q-n PD patterns,were strongly reflected by the shape of applied voltage.In order to get deep understanding of the corona discharge,by utilizing results of the phase-resolved analysis,electrical equivalent circuits of corona discharges were proposed.The electrical equivalent circuit contained capacitances and a spark gap.For deeply understanding of PD phenomenon,computer simulation was done by using the proposed electrical equivalent circuits.The similarity of the measured and simulated PD patterns was assessed by comparing measured and simulated theφ-q-n andφ-n PD patterns.The results indicated that simulated PD patterns similar to those obtained from experiment.     

局部放电射频信号与其视在放电量的关联分析(英文)

Radio frequency(RF) measurement has become a hot issue for partial discharge detection.However,its application is hampered by the difficulty to establish a relationship between the RF measurements data and apparent discharge quantity.In this paper,on the basis of an experimental model of metal protrusion,the relationship between the results of RF measurement and pulse current method(IEC 60270) was investigated.The energy,double integration,peak voltage,peak-peak voltage and the area of RF signals were plotted versus either the apparent discharge quantity or the square of the apparent discharge quantity in order to evaluate the optimal regression curve.At the same time,the impact of voltage and the distance between protrusion and plate were also investigated.The results indicate that the optimal match to a linear regression curve can be gained by plotting the RF signal energy versus the square of the apparent discharge quantity.The variation of voltage has no significant impact on the regression curve;that is,data from different voltages match one line.However,when the distance between protrusion and plate is changed,the slope of the regression curve changes accordingly;the same energy corresponds to a bigger discharge quantity.The results are significant enough to be applied in the estimation of the discharge quantity by measuring RF partial discharge signals.     

雷击架空线路的电晕参数鉴别与分析(英文)

This paper presents a method for determining specific models of overhead power lines with presence of corona phenomenon. The obtained models provide stable numerical solutions for computer simulation of transients caused by direct lightning strikes. The corona non- linear charge-voltage characteristics obtained from experimental tests are used for identification of the corona parameters based on System Identification Toolbox implemented in Matlab package. Different transfer functions, which give the same waveshapes of overvoltages are de- termined using two parametric models. A circuit representation of the obtained transfer functions is proposed and the corona model is implemented in the EMTP-RV as a hierarchical structure composed of a overhead power line divided into sections with corona branches. Some computer simulations of lightning overvoltages propagated in a typical 220 kV power line due to direct lightning strikes to a line tower are presented. The proposed method and the model implemented in EMTP-RV are still valid for multi-conductor lines and for higher voltages of power lines but new corona nonlinear charge-voltage characteristics are required as an input parameter for the identification procedure.     

利用随机模型建模分析特高压交流输电线路的无线电干扰特性（英文）

For developing ultra-high voltage(UHV) AC power transmission systems,it is important to precisely estimate and to limit the radio interference(RI) level of power lines.Based on the stochastic characteristics in amplitude and repetition rate of induced corona current,by using the probability theory and mathematical statistics,we establish a stochastic model for the wide-sense stationary random process of corona discharges.Then combining the stochastic model with model-propagation-analysis method,the RI levels under three-phase UHV AC transmission lines are calculated.The results of the calculation based on stochastic model method and International Council on Large Electric Systems(CIGRE) excitation function are compared with that based on semi-empirical method and some other excitation functions.The stochastic model based on different excitation functions is also adopted to simulate the RI levels under finite test lines with two opened terminations.The results indicate that with the same average maximum gradient on conductor surface and the same conductor type,the number of corona discharge per unit length is one of the main reasons that causes the difference between different excitation functions.It is also concluded that for a long test line,the effect of standing wave on RI field strength is negligible in the middle of the line,but obvious near both terminations: for a 10-km line,the maximum difference in RI field strength is 2.78 dB,between the peak value of the standing wave near the ends and the steady value near the middle of the line.     

空气中电晕放电与绝缘液体中流注放电的测量和分析

Insulation is one of the most important parts in a high voltage equipment.There are gaseous,liquid and solid insulations which are commonly used.In a high voltage transformer for example the insulating materials are all used.During operation of a high voltage equipment high electric stress may occur.Under extreme condition failure of the insulation may take place.Excessive electric field in air may cause corona discharges while in liquid insulation discharges may take place in the form of streamer.This paper reports experimental results on the corona and streamer discharges in air and silicone oil.The discharges were artificially generated around a needle tip in a needle-plane electrode system with gap length of 4 mm under sinusoidal and triangular voltages.The needle was made of steel with tip radius of 3 μm and curvature angle of 30°.The needle was made by Ogura Jewelry.The discharge pulses were measured using personal-computer based partial discharge(PD)measurement system with sensitivity of better than 0.5 pC.The system is able to measure discharge in time sequential.Phase-resolved analysis of the discharges was done to interpret the physical processes behind the discharges.The experimental results showed that corona discharges took place at negative half cycles.The discharges were concentrated around 270° of phase angle of applied voltage.The discharge magnitude and discharge number of corona clearly dependent on the instantaneous of applied voltage.These were strongly supported by the application of triangular voltage.Streamer discharges occurred at both positive and negative half cycles.The discharges pulses concentrated around the peak of applied voltage at phase angle of 90° and 270°.Experimental results under sinusoidal and triangular voltages revealed that streamer discharge magnitude as well as probability of occurrence was strongly dependent on the instantaneous applied voltage.     

基于脉冲电流法判断输电线电晕放电研究

对输电线电晕放电的起晕电压、电晕脉冲电流、起晕场强进行了研究。采用基于脉冲电流法判断电晕笼内单根输电线起晕电压。通过局部放电检测回路中的检测阻抗,获取电晕脉冲电流波形。当脉冲电流持续出现时,此时导线所加电压,即为电晕起始电压。根据实验得到的起始电晕电压,借助有限元法计算笼内导线表面及其附近场强,结果与通过皮克经验公式得到的较为接近,验证了脉冲电流法判断输电线路起晕电压的合理性。     

基于紫外成像的高海拔分裂导线电晕起始特性研究*

高海拔电晕放电起始特性是导线电晕特性研究的重要内容之一。紫外成像仪是一种非接触式的测量放电的仪器,文中使用紫外成像仪测量了高海拔地区特高压分裂导线LGJ-720在电晕笼中的电晕放电特性。在西宁平安县特高压试验基地对LGJ-720导线在干燥、淋雨、湿导线条件下做了6分裂数下的电晕特性试验,获得了导线电晕放电紫外图谱。文章对以往的紫外图像处理算法进行改进,使用聚类和Graph Cuts算法对图像中的光斑进行分类和分割,相比传统算法保留了主光斑附近由于设备放电引起的灰度值较大的小光斑,滤除与主光斑较远且灰度值小的小光斑,提出根据光斑位置关系与灰度值进行图像分割的算法,得到了不同气象条件下导线所加电压与等效紫外光斑面积之间的关系,使用切线法获得了电晕放电起始电压,在仅考虑电晕起始电压的条件下对特高压导线选型提供参考。     

不同海拔下电晕笼分裂导线起晕电压的计算分析

为了研究海拔高度对电晕笼分裂导线起始电晕电压特性的影响,建立电晕笼钢芯铝绞线起始电晕电压的计算模型,并开展相应试验研究。采用模拟电荷法计算钢芯铝绞线的空间电场强度。依据极不均匀电场下自持放电判据,建立不同海拔高度电晕笼分裂导线电晕起始电压的计算模型。在超/特高压人工环境气候试验室内,以500 m海拔高度为间隔,系统开展19~4-000-m海拔高度范围内六分裂导线起始电晕电压的试验研究。试验获得超高压电晕笼不同海拔高度下6-LGJ—400/50、6-LGJ—500/45分裂导线的起晕电压。计算获得不同海拔高度、分裂间距、导线分裂数及绞线表面粗糙系数下的导线起晕电压曲线族,以及不同绞线半径及最外层铝绞线股数的表面粗糙系数计算结果。分析结果表明:计算模型能够较好地计算电晕笼内绞线的起晕电压;在350~500-mm分裂间距范围内,分裂导线起晕电压随着分裂间距的增大而降低,随着导线分裂数的增加而升高;绞线表面粗糙系数与绞线最外层铝线半径与绞线半径之比相关。     

电晕笼内导线交流电晕起始电压判断方法

导线电晕引起的电磁环境问题是特高压输电线路建设的技术难题之一.电晕起始电压是反映导线电晕特性的重要参数,而当前对电晕起始电压的判断方法并不统一.电晕笼是一种用来模拟实际输电线路电磁环境的经济、有效的工具,为得到比较准确的判断方法,通过在小型电晕笼中,对单根实际输电导线进行电晕实验,同时利用紫外成像仪、局部放电仪、无线电...     

电晕笼单根导线电晕损失等效修正系数试验研究

为研究电晕笼与输电线路导线电晕损失的等效性问题,对不同布置结构的导线电晕损失进行试验研究。通过电晕笼与试验线段两种试验结构布置,分别对不锈钢管模拟的光滑导线,直径22．28mm,以及LGJ-300／50导线,直径24．26mm,进行电晕损失测量试验。采用考虑电容因素的修正公式计算等效系数,对试验结果进行等效验证。获得了...     

电晕笼交流单根导线电晕损失的计算分析

电晕损失是导线电晕特性研究的重要内容之一。为了建立电晕笼内导线电晕损失的计算模型,将模拟电荷法应用于电晕笼内导线电晕损失计算。采用线电荷模拟交流导线,对正方型截面笼壁分别作镜像处理。当导线模拟电荷量超过起晕电荷量时,分别计算导线上每个模拟电荷点向空间发射的电荷量。考虑空间电荷的影响,计算电晕笼空间的合成电场。仿真模拟电荷发射、迁移、复合过程,计算电晕笼中空间电荷运动,计算迁移过程中电荷运动产生的能量损失。进行电晕笼单根光滑导线、单根钢芯铝绞线LGJ—300/40、单根钢芯铝绞线LGJ—400/35电晕损失测量试验。仿真结果与试验结果对比,结果基本一致。因此采用模拟电荷法能够较好地建立电晕笼内单根导线电晕损失的计算模型。     

电晕笼中直流导线起晕电压的测量方法

电晕起始电压是反映导线电晕特性的重要参数。针对现有的电晕起始电压测量方法不能区分导线局部起晕电压和全面起晕电压的不足,在实验室使用的小电晕笼中测量了不同类型和表面状态的直流导线的起晕电压。通过分析导线电晕发展过程,提出使用电流系数曲线测量直流导线起晕电压的方法。与已有的测量方法进行对比的结果表明,结合使用电晕脉冲法和电流系数法测量电晕笼中直流导线的局部起晕电压和全面起晕电压是可取的。     

电晕笼设计与应用相关问题的探讨

国内特高压电网建设已正式启动,特高压输电线路的电晕问题亟待研究,电晕笼是研究特高压交直流输电线路导线电晕的一种经济有效的手段,为此介绍了电晕笼的原理、结构、国内外已建电晕笼的参数及依托电晕笼开展的超特高压电晕特性的研究,并结合现有实验室用电晕笼装置,从电场分布、离子电荷运动、无线电干扰电流校正等方面探讨了电晕笼的结构、长度、边长(直径)等参数的设计原则,给出了电晕笼中交直流电晕电流、无线电干扰、可听噪声、电晕损耗、直流离子电流密度等效应的测量方法。最后基于世界各国电晕笼特点的总结,就国内试验基地大电晕笼的电压等级、结构和参数的合理选择提出了若干建议。     

超/特高压交流输电线路电晕损失的数值仿真研究

电晕决定输电线路的电磁环境特性。采用模拟电荷法计算交流输电线路的电晕损失,交流导线用多根线电荷表示,导线表面场强超过起晕场强时令一定量电荷由导线表面发射到空间中。将交流周期分为若干时段,在每一时刻都考虑了导线表面电荷发射、空间电荷运动、空间电荷复合等效应,重复计算若干周期直至离子流场稳定。在已有方法的基础上改进了起晕条件和电荷发射的计算方法,考虑了导线表面电场不均匀性对电晕放电的影响,从而可以对多相多分裂导线离子流场进行仿真计算,进而计算得到线路电晕损失。对三相8分裂特高压交流线路电晕损失计算结果与试验结果有较好的一致性。     

Negative DC corona discharge effects on the ultraviolet photon count in rod to plane air gaps

In order to investigate the effects of negative DC corona discharge on ultraviolet (UV) photon count, a corona discharge measurement system based on rod to plane air gaps was established. The variations of positive ion, negative ion, and electron densities were calculated with a fluid model, and the generation process of photons during negative corona discharge was investigated. The differences of photon count and the variation of charged particles between negative and positive corona were also compared. The corona current, Trichel pulses, and corona‐generated photons were measured with increasing applied voltage. An approximate parabolic relationship found to exist between the photon count and the corona current, and also an ideal quadratic function was found to exist between the photon count and the frequency of Trichel pulses. These results provide a solid foundation in the application of UV imaging detection of negative DC corona discharge in power equipment. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.