葡萄糖酸钠与高效减水剂复合使用对水泥水化历程的影响

用直接测温法及X射线衍射技术,系统研究了葡萄糖酸钠与萘系、氨基磺酸盐系及聚羧酸盐系3种高效减水剂复合使用对水泥水化热、水化温峰、温峰出现时间及不同水化龄期Ca(OH)2和钙矾石(AFt)生成量等方面的影响.结果表明:与糖钙和三聚磷酸钠相比,葡萄糖酸钠及其与高效减水剂复合对水泥水化历程的影响规律明显不同.单掺葡萄糖酸钠使水泥水化第2放热峰出现时间延迟,但温峰值及水化热与空白样基本持平,温峰时的Ca(OH)2生成量增大.复合使用葡萄糖酸钠与高效减水剂时,与不同品种高效减水剂复合使用对水泥水化历程的影响不同.     

葡萄糖酸钠对水泥水化微观结构的影响

通过测试葡萄糖酸钠作用下水泥浆体的凝结时间、化学收缩、水化热、电阻率,并结合XRD、TGD-SC的分析,探讨了葡萄糖酸钠对水泥水化的作用机理.结果表明:葡萄糖酸钠能有效抑制水化放热,延缓结构形成;其缓凝作用随掺量的增加而增加,但存在一个临界掺量,当掺量小于临界掺量时,初凝时间和终凝时间缓慢增加;当掺量超过临界点时,初凝时间增加缓慢,而终凝时间迅速增加;能有效抑制化学收缩,0-10 h化学收缩随掺量的增加而增大,10 h以后化学收缩随掺量的增加而减小;当掺量达到0.2%时,1 d CH衍射特征峰消失,28 d CH衍射特征峰显著减弱;由于水化初期的吸附、络合、润湿等作用,葡萄糖酸钠加速了C3A的溶解,促进了AFt的生成,同时抑制C3S的水化和CH的生成.     

黄姜废渣对硅酸盐水泥水化和力学性能的影响

研究不同掺量的黄姜废渣对普通硅酸盐水泥标稠需水量、凝结时间、水化热、化学收缩、力学强度等影响。结果表明,对比空白水泥试样,掺加RT的水泥标准稠度需水量有所减少,试样的初凝和终凝时间随RT掺量的增加而延长。当RT掺量为15%时,水化热的峰值明显低于空白样,水化热的峰值出现的时间明显延迟。掺加RT后的试样,7d内水泥浆体的化学收缩有所减小。掺量为7%RT的水泥净浆强度最大。     

矿渣高钙灰复合水泥的水化程度研究

根据水化热、化学收缩、CH生成量和强度等实验结果，分析了由30％矿渣＋25％改性高钙灰＋45％52．5PⅡ水泥制备的42．5矿渣高钙灰复合水泥在不同龄期的水化程度。与普通硅酸盐水泥相比，由于高掺量的矿渣及改性高钙灰大幅度减少了熟料量，同时其火山灰反应消耗熟料的水化产物CH，水化产物组成和结构改变，水化热显著降低，早期化学收缩降低而后期化学收缩基本一致，不同龄期的CH生成量均显著降低，7d和28d的龄期强度接近，该复合水泥能够有效控制集中放热期的水化程度和优化水化产物组成，有利于改善耐久性。降低水胶比减少水化热、化学收缩和CH生成量，使水化度降低，但有利于水泥石结构的优化。     

氧化-醚化淀粉作水泥减水剂的制备及性能(二)

考察氧化-醚化淀粉对水泥水化凝结时间影响,通过XRD、TAMair等温微热量热仪进行水化性能表征。结果表明:与萘系高效减水剂相比在掺量0.6%时减水作用优于萘系,流动度经30 min反而增加22.4%,2 h内基本无损失,但有明显缓凝作用,水化放热峰出现在75 h,但不影响后期水化,7 d时抗压强度已达国家标准,28 d时抗压强度比可达127%,可作为水泥的一种优良缓凝型高效减水剂使用。     

不同黏土对掺减水剂水泥净浆流动度影响

目的 研究4种不同黏土对掺聚羧酸减水剂及萘系减水剂水泥净浆流动度的影响规律并从黏土的吸附性能角度探究其影响机理.方法 采用水泥净浆流动度试验方法比较了4种黏土对掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆流动度的影响,通过TOC总有机碳测试仪测定了4种黏土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量.结果 4种黏土对水泥净浆流动度的影响差异较大,其中钙基蒙脱土和钠基蒙脱土的掺量为2％时,掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆已基本没有流动度,掺萘系减水剂的水泥净浆流动度也有所下降,但降幅稍小,而伊利土和高岭土对掺减水剂水泥净浆流动度无明显负面影响;钙基蒙脱土和钠基蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量较大,伊利土、高岭土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附能力和水泥相当.结论蒙脱土对掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆流动度负面影响极为严重,而伊利土和高岭土对掺减水剂水泥净浆基本没有负面影响.     

外掺轻烧MgO水泥的性能研究

轻烧MgO补偿温降收缩效果较好,同时具有较好的延迟膨胀性.研究了外掺轻烧MgO对水泥的凝结时间、强度、水化热、孔结构及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:外掺轻烧MgO使水泥的水化放热峰延后;随着MgO掺量的增加,水泥的凝结时间有所延长,孔隙率增加,水泥的强度和耐蚀性能下降;二向约束条件下的外掺MgO水泥的性能比自由膨胀条件下要好.     

基于后掺法的混凝土坍落度恢复技术研究

通过水泥对减水剂的吸附、水泥浆溶液Zeta电位、净浆流动度和混凝土坍落度等试验,分析了后掺聚羧酸减水剂量和添加时间对水泥净浆流动性、混凝土工作性能的影响及其相互关系,在此基础上提出了恢复混凝土坍落度的技术方法。结果表明:后掺法通过降低水泥颗粒对减水剂的吸附和减小颗粒的Zeta电位,能够有效避免早期水化产物对减水剂的吸附包裹,提高减水剂的有效分散能力;减水剂后掺的量与时间的合理匹配,可在一定时间内恢复混凝土坍落度,当先掺80%、后掺20%的减水剂时,在2h内可以显著地改善坍落度损失。     

磺化淀粉-聚羧酸复合减水剂的制备与表征

由于保护环境的原因,以天然高分子为原料来合成高效减水剂已经成为混凝土外加剂研究领域的新热点.本文研究了采用磺化糊精取代部分功能大单体来合成复合聚羧酸减水剂的方法.结果显示:当磺化糊精取代功能单体40%、复合聚羧酸减水剂掺量为0.5%时,水泥净浆的初始流动度达255,mm,1,h 后其流动度仍为250,mm.淀粉酸解后,增加亲水的羟基基团导致初期水化缓慢,而增加 Zeta 电位使水泥颗粒更易于分散.在复合减水剂中,长链 Starch 与短链的聚羧酸减水剂主链将被吸附于水泥颗粒表面上,交替发生静电与空间位阻作用,起到了增加减水率和降低缓凝的效果.     

三聚磷酸钠复合聚羧酸对C_3A-石膏水化历程影响

以C3A-石膏为主体,探讨了掺加聚羧酸和聚羧酸与三聚磷酸钠协同作用对其水化历程的影响。采用水化微量热仪测定试样水化放热速率;用XRD定性分析测试不同水化龄期、不同体系的水化程度;以FT-IR分析试样中基团的振动状态从而判断其存在形式,以SEM观察水化产物形貌。结果表明掺聚羧酸后水化第一放热峰提前2h,且水化12h即有大量AFt生成,但是对后期水化具有一定的延缓作用;复掺三聚磷酸钠与聚羧酸时抑制了AFt的生成并延缓了AFt向AFm的转变,第一、第二放热峰均延迟了8h左右;单掺和复掺对后期结构发展影响均不大。     

聚羧酸系高效减水剂PC的合成及性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸、聚乙二醇1000、对甲苯磺酸、对苯二酚、过硫酸铵和甲基丙烯磺酸钠为原料,采用两步法合成出新型聚羧酸系高效减水剂(简称PC)。将合成的PC与目前广泛使用的萘系高效减水剂(简称FDN)相比,具有更加优异的性能,具体表现为:在掺量很少情况下,水泥净浆就具有较高的流动度;当掺量相同时,其对水泥净浆流动度远超FDN。此外,它与水泥的相容性好,具有缓凝及明显抑制水泥净浆流动度经时损失性能,对混凝土也能表现出显著的减水增强性,是一种性能优良,适合于配制高强、超高强混凝土的高效减水剂。     

Effect of sodium hydroxide on the properties of phosphogypsum based cement

The effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) amount on phosphogypsum based cement was investigated. The mechanical performances and hydration mechanism of the phosphogypsum-based cement with different proportions of NaOH and steel slag were analyzed based on setting time, volume stability, strength test, XRD and SEM analyses. The experimental results show that, NaOH as an alkali activator significantly reduces the cement setting time and improves the cement early strength. But the acceleration of hydration proces produces coarse crystalline hydration products and the osteoporosis structure of hardened paste, which has a negative effect on later age strength. The combination of 1% NaOH and 5% steel slag as alkali activating agents is optimal with respect to early and later age strengths. Overdose of NaOH not only decreases the cement strength at later age, but also may cause problem of volume stability.     

硅灰与氧化石墨烯对硬化水泥浆体的复合增强效应

研究了硅灰与氧化石墨烯复掺时对硬化水泥浆体力学性能的影响. 分别进行了普通水泥浆体、内掺质量分数10%的硅灰水泥、外掺质量分数0.8%的氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂（GOPCs）水泥浆体以及同时内掺硅灰与外掺GOPCs的水泥浆体的配制. 对4种硬化水泥浆体的抗折强度、抗压强度以及90 d龄期孔隙率进行了测定,同时采用X射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜对水泥水化产物进行分析,并将4种样品的力学性能进行比较. 结果表明,当掺10%硅灰时,硬化水泥浆体90 d抗压强度比空白样提高了3.6%,抗折强度提高了9.6%;当只使用氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂而不掺硅灰时,抗压强度提高了11.9%,抗折强度提高了15.3%;当硅灰与氧化石墨烯复掺时,抗压强度提高了22.7%,抗折强度提高了38.6%. 孔隙率的变化以及XRD、SEM分析证实了这一结果. 因此,硅灰与氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂对硬化水泥浆体具有复合增强作用.     

Adsorption mechanism of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer in CFBC ash-Portland cement paste

Circulating fluidized bed combustion （CFBC） ash exhibits the desirable pozzolanic activity which makes it a potential supplementary cementitious material to replace cement for concrete production. However, the high unburnt carbon content and porous surface structure of CFBC ash may adsorb water reducer and thereby significantly reduce the efficiency of water-reducing agents. The adsorption mechanism of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in CFBC ash-Portland cement paste was investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the conception of ＂invalid adsorption site＂ of CFBC ash was presented. The results show that the adsorption behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in coal ash-Portland cement paste can be described by Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The adsorption capacity of CFBC ash-Portland cement paste is higher than that of pulverized coal combustion （PCC） fly ash-Portland cement paste. Moreover, the adsorption amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer increases with the ratio of ash-to-cement in the paste. At last, the fluidity of CFBC ash-Portland cement paste is lower than that of the PCC fly ash paste. This work suggests that when CFBC ash is used as concrete admixture, the poor flowability of the cementitious system due to the high adsorption of water and water-reducing agent should be taken into consideration.     

INTERFACE AND PROPERTIES OF ALKALI-TREATED CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT COMPOSITES

The surface of carbon fibre is studiedwhich has been treated with heated sodiumhydrate solution(NaOH).It is found that thesurface of carbon fibre is not corroded duringthe treatment.But at the same time,it is alsofound that after this treatment,a certainnumber of carbonyl groups(>C=O)and(—COOH or—COONa) are produced on thetreated surface of carbon fibre.When carbonfiber is mixed with cement paste,the abovereactive groups will link with Ca~(+2) in the paste,which will result in an early stage hydration ofcement in inter facial areas.In addition,theexperiments show that the rheological propertiesof cement paste reinforced with alkali-treatedcarbon fibre differ greatly from that ofuntreated carbon fibre reinforced cement paste.     

Synthesis of new polyether polycarboxylate superplasticizer

The effects of various factors on the synthesis process and the performances of product, including batch feeding way and the dosage of the radical initiator, the system concentration, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were discussed. A kind of polycarboxylate superplasticizer with allyl alcohol polyethylene glycol, maleic anhydride and methacrylic acid sulfonic sodium as main raw materials has been synthesized. Their relative effectiveness as dispersants was evaluated in cement paste by measuring paste fluidity. The optimum parameters of technology and the appropriate proportion of raw materials were obtained. As a result, the new high performance superplasticizer suitable for high-performance concrete has been synthesized. The structure of copolymer was characterized and analyzed by FT-IR spectra. Results indicated that product copolymer structure was consistent with the ideal molecular structure designed.     

Effect of PCEs with Different Functional Groups on the Performance of Cement Paste

The adsorption behaviors and dispersing properties of polycarboxylate superplasticizer(PCE) with different functional groups were systematically analyzed to reveal the theory and methods of modifying PCE molecular structures and regulating PCE performances. By substituting carboxylic groups with sulfonic groups, ester groups or acylamino groups, respectively, modified PCEs with different functional groups were synthesized. Results show that introducing low amount of ester groups or sulfonic groups into the PCE molecules has no negative effects on the fluidity of cement paste, while introducing acylamino groups into PCE molecules significantly weakens the fluidity of cement paste. At low amount(when the molar ratio of sodium methallyl sulfonate to TPEG is lower than 0.4), the rapid adsorption of sulfonic groups onto the cement particles contributes to the high dispersing performance of the sulfonic group modified PCEs. When the substitution ratio of acrylic acid by sulfonic acid is higher than 0.4, the viscosity and the yield stress of cement paste increases sharply. Redundant sulfonic groups lead to the excessive charge density of the PCE, which contributes to the inhomogeneous adsorption on the cement grains and hence results in the decline of the dispersing performance. Substitution of carboxylic group by acylamino group or ester group slightly changes the viscosity as well as the yield stress of cement paste. Introducing sulfonic group into PCE molecule improves the adsorption behavior of PCEs, while introducing ester group or acylamino group into PCE depresses the adsorption properties.