串联晶闸管的同步触发技术研究

晶闸管虽然通流能力强,但是耐压普遍不高,为了实现晶闸管的串联使用,利用MOSFET的快导通和通流能力强的特性,搭建了一套能够实现光纤控制多只晶闸管同步导通的强触发平台。以4只2.5 kV耐压晶闸管串联为例,在实验平台上研究了触发电流峰值和前沿对晶闸管导通特性的影响,提出了间接光触发系统的设计结构和晶闸管同步性实验的一般性方案。实验结果表明:在工作电压确定的情况下,晶闸管的触发时延与门极触发电流有关,触发电流的峰值越大,前沿越陡,导通越快,触发时延越小;触发时延是可控的,可以通过调整触发电流对串联的各晶闸管进行阶梯型串联实验,逐步调整时延参数并实现4只晶闸管串联的同步强触发导通(对于微秒级导通过程,触发的同步性控制在30 ns以内)。改进后的间接光触发系统和强触发技术,能有效地改善晶闸管的导通特性和同步性,对扩大晶闸管在脉冲功率中的应用具有重要意义。     

串联晶闸管在大脉冲电流下的开通过程研究

串联晶闸管是高压脉冲电源系统中的一种理想开关,研究其在脉冲电流下的开通动态过程具有重要意义。已有文献所建晶闸管模型大都是将晶闸管在开通延迟时间t d内等效为恒定电阻或恒定电压源,该类模型在描述串联晶闸管开通过程的电压变化时不够准确。论文将晶闸管的开通过程用一个电容和一个延时t d并入的时变电阻模型来等效,分析了3只晶闸管串联开通的典型过程,推导了晶闸管上电压最大值的解析计算式和均压系数计算式,并对动态均压电路进行了设计。通过对3只额定6 500 V晶闸管串联开通的试验和仿真对比,验证了所建晶闸管等效模型在电压计算方面的准确性以及开通延迟时间差不同、外加不同电压对串联晶闸管开通过程的影响分析。     

可控串补次同步频率等效阻抗特性的机理分析

利用小信号分析法,在可控串补(thyristor controlled series compensation,TCSC)的工频电流源上叠加一个微小次同步频率分量的电流源,采用数值分析方法获得次同步频率电容电压的时域仿真曲线;在此基础上分析次同步频率电容电压在晶闸管导通前后的变化规律,推导TCSC次同步频率等效阻抗的解析表达式。结果表明通过解析法求得的次同步频率等效电抗与数值方法获得的特性曲线变化趋势基本吻合;根据对解析表达式的分析,研究晶闸管导通对次同步频率电压的调制作用随导通角增大的变化过程,从周期调制作用角度解释TCSC次同步频率等效阻抗特性形成的机理。     

电压源换流器中IGBT串联动态均压新方法

由动态电压不均衡引起的器件击穿致使串联失败是串联的关键问题。传统无源缓冲电路是以牺牲绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)快速性换取电压均衡,IGBT损耗大。建立功率端与驱动端反馈的新型剩余电流动作保护器(RCD)动态均压电路替代传统无源缓冲电路,对电路的均压效果和串联IGBT开关损耗进行仿真分析。试验验证了该动态均压电路在IGBT串联运行时能很好地抑制其驱动信号不同步造成的动态电压不均衡,确保了电压源换流器的安全运行。     

基于驱动信号同步的串联IGBT动态均压方法

为解决由驱动信号不同步引起的多个IGBT串联动态电压不均衡问题,以实现串联IGBT在大功率高电压场合的应用。在研究国内外多种IGBT动态串联均压技术的基础上,采用同步变压器和端电压钳位电路相结合以实现动态电压均衡,并对其工作原理进行了说明。然后运用Saber仿真软件,建立串联IGBT的动态均压仿真电路。仿真结果表明,动态均压电路在IGBT串联运行时不仅能够很好地抑制IGBT驱动信号不同步造成的动态电压不均衡,而且能够使开关瞬态的过电压≤10%,确保了串联IGBT的安全运行。     

用双向触发管触发反并联晶闸管

在炉温调节控制电路中,把两个晶闸管反并联后,与电炉串联在单相交流电路中.如图1所示,改变晶闸管的导通角度,就可以控制电炉两端交流电压的大小.达到调节控制电炉温度的目的。而用来改变晶闸管导通角的触发电路,有不少采用单结晶体管触发电路,用脉冲变压器控制两个晶闸管的控制极,使其中承受正向电压的一个晶闸管触发导     

TCSC暂态过程中晶闸管导通角特性的研究

当晶闸管触发角发生阶跃时,由于TCSC电路固有的电磁暂态特性,使得电容电压过零点发生偏移,因此导通角不会立刻达到预定目标值。章首先给出并证明了触发角阶跃变化与初始导通角之间的定性关系;然后通过分析晶闸管导通期间电容电压的解耦特性,推导出导通角的估算公式,定量地描述了暂态过程中导通角的变化规律。数字仿真验证了上述分析结论并进一步发现：导通角变化趋势与TCSC基频阻抗特性是完全一致的,从而揭示了选择不同同步信号时TCSC会表现出不同暂态响应特性的内在原因。     

适用于IGBT串联的有源钳位动态电压均衡电路研究

为解决由栅极驱动信号不同步引起的多个IGBT串联电压不均衡问题,以实现串联IGBT在大功率高电压场合中的应用,笔者采用基于栅极端电压均衡技术的有源钳位动态电压均衡电路实现动态电压均衡,该电路具有响应速度快、损耗小、可靠性高等优点。通过建立IGBT串联仿真和实验电路,对该均压辅助电路进行仿真分析和实验验证。结果表明,该均压辅助电路在IGBT串联运行时不仅能够很好地抑制IGBT栅极驱动信号不同步造成的电压不均衡,而且能够有效防止过电压的发生,确保了IGBT串联的安全运行。     

基于晶闸管开关的高重频脉冲泄放研究

高重频脉冲功率源是脉冲功率源技术未来发展的方向,脉冲电容器放电结束后依旧会残留大量电能,出于安全考虑,需要进行残能泄放。为了实现脉冲功率源的高重频放电技术,必须对脉冲电容器上的残能进行快速泄放。传统的机械开关导通响应时间长,开通时间不一致,不利于多模块脉冲功率源残能的快速泄放,因而采用快速晶闸管替代传统的机械泄放开关。通过计算分析给出了在实际实验中泄放电阻参数选择;设计了一种新型实现晶闸管开关状态监测功能的硬件电路,弥补了软件检测有时间延迟的缺点。结合实际应用给出了监测电路的设计原理与器件参数。测试结果表明,此方案可行,在0.5 s内电容器可以完成残能泄放,为高重频技术的实现奠定了基础。     

基于统一离散时域建模法的晶闸管串联运行暂态仿真

现有晶闸管仿真模型虽能较准确地模拟单只晶闸管开通和关断的动态过程,却较少涉及多只器件的串并联仿真。文中在分析晶闸管开关过程中动态特性的基础上,利用统一离散时域建模法建立了包含开关动态过程的晶闸管数学模型。由于该模型采用时变电阻来描述晶闸管工作过程中电压、电流的变化关系,因此适用于晶闸管串联电路的暂态仿真分析。仿真和实验结果表明所建立的晶闸管数学模型可较为准确地描述串联运行的晶闸管开关过程中电压的动态分配,从而为需晶闸管串联运行的大型电力电子装置的动静态均压电路设计提供了依据。     

A Step-Up Phenomenon of the Thyristor Control Circuit with Series RLC Elements

A circuit controlled by thyristors and having series RLC elements gives rise to a step-up phenomenon. The term step-up is defined with respect to the capacitance voltage on steady state operation, i.e., the ratio of the maximum peak value when controlled by thyristers to the peak amplitude when thyristors are short-circuited exceeds unity. The domain of possible step-up voltage is determined by the angle of displacement between current and voltage and damping factor. The step-up voltages appear across each element, i.e., not only across the capacitance, inductance, and resistance but also across the thyristors. The control characteristic has a distinctive hump phenomenon. The interrupted current results in waveform distortion, phase lag, and improved power factor. The difference of characteristics between the peak and rms values of voltages, particularly of inductance and thyristors, is large. The response time, which is evaluated by numbers of half cycles, is large when the step-up ratio becomes large. The output voltage when the circuit is used as a voltage source has a drooping characteristic.     

电容式电压互感器谐波测量方法研究

针对电容式电压互感器(capacitor voltage transformer,CVT)谐波测量数据准确度无法满足电能质量监测系统要求的问题,文中提出了一种具有谐波测量功能的CVT的实现方案,通过在常规CVT的分压器低压端串入电容C3,利用电容分压原理获得电网谐波测量信号。建立了该CVT的宽频等效电路模型,分析电容C3两端输出电压在谐波频段内的变化情况,明确了影响其频率特性的关键参数。并基于此方案研制了1台110 kV具有谐波测量功能的CVT样机,通过了型式试验并开展了谐波准确度试验,试验结果表明,在2~50次谐波信号测量范围内,该样机满足电能质量监测设备谐波要求,进一步验证了所提方案的有效性。     

基于LC谐振取电及零序电压测量系统的设计

为解决智能一体化高压开关取电问题,文中提出了基于电容分压原理的LC谐振取电电源系统:一次侧采用高压电容和变压器一次绕组串联,二次侧采用变压器二次绕组并联分压电容,降低了低压电容的电压设计等级,同时基于该电源系统中性点通过构建零序电流回路实现了零序电压测量,无需安装三相五柱式PT或植入零序电压传感器,降低了工程造价.最后针对线路故障过电压及雷电冲击,设计了基于能量池电压监测和电力电子开关控制的防护电路.实验数据表明该系统的取电能力可达到1W,零序电压测量精度为5％,具有较大的工程应用价值.     

A Three-Phase Inverter with Reactive Power Control

A new type of self-commutated inverter for fixed or moderately variable frequency has been developed. The inverter is characterized by an extremely uncomplicated main circuit. In its basic form the inverter contains two converter circuits: a principal converter circuit and an auxiliary converter circuit. The principal converter circuit transfers power from the input dc side to the output ac side, and the auxiliary converter circuit generates an inductive current to balance the reactive current of a three-phase capacitor on the ac side. This capacitor has the combined function of a phase compensator, a filter capacitor, and is also the source of the commutating voltage. Both converter circuits are of the line commutated type, meaning that at power frequencies normal converter thyristors can be employed. This makes it possible to build high-power inverters without series or parallel connected thyristors. All filter reactors are smoothing reactors placed on the dc side of the converter circuits. Thus the inverter has a very good efficiency even at the higher frequencies. The ability of a converter circuit to generate a negative sequence current when unsymmetrically controlled makes the inverter insensitive to unbalanced loads. The transient behavior of the inverter is similar to that obtained from a conventional self-commutated inverter with an output filter.     

基于DSP控制的微弧氧化电源主电路设计

根据微弧氧化(Micro Arc Oxidation,简称MAO)工艺要求,设计了基于DSP控制的MAO电源主电路.前级为三相半控整流结构,通过控制晶闸管的导通角实现电压幅值调节;后级两只大功率IGBT轮流导通与关断,实现频率、占空比调节.经测试证明.该电路输出波形符合设计要求,能够满足MAO电参数的需求.     

A study of thyristor controlled series capacitor models for power system stability analysis

The thyristor‐controlled series capacitor (TCSC) is promising as a powerful device to increase power transfer capability and transient stability. The basic configuration of the TCSC consists of a series of capacitors connected antiparallel with thyristor‐controlled reactors, so that firing angle control of the thyristors makes the TCSC capable of achieving impedance control in a wide range with quick response. It is important to clarify the relationship between the fundamental reactance of the TCSC and the firing angle of the thyristors, thus leading to practical applications of the TCSC for enhancement of power transfer capability and transient stability in transmission lines. Two relationship equations for the TCSC's fundamental reactance have already been proposed. One is the relationship equation derived from a TCSC circuit whose source is a voltage. The other is the relationship equation derived from a TCSC circuit whose source is a current. For TCSC installed in a transmission line, it is clear which equation is more adequate for analyzing power system stability. In this paper, the authors determine whether either of the equations is valid for analyzing a power system stability.

• 1. In the steady state, the TCSC fundamental reactance is analyzed and compared with the two equations and EMTP. It is clear that the TCSC reactance based on current source is adequate.
• 2. The swing angle of a generator when the firing angle is stepped up is analyzed with EMTP and an analytical model using the TCSC model based on current source. It is shown that the proposed model is effective for power system stability analysis. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(1): 20–28, 1999

     

Voltage distribution analysis of 500-kV DC transmission-line voltage divider under impulse voltages: stray parameter extraction

It is essential to extract the stray parameters accurately and efficiently in analyzing impulse responses of a power apparatus. In this paper the stray capacitances and stray inductances of a 500-kV dc transmission-line voltage divider are extracted by the hybrid finite element-analytical approach, and the corresponding equivalent circuit for analyzing the impulse voltage response of the voltage divider is established. According to the discussion of the results of the extracted stray parameters of the voltage divider, reasonable simplification of the equivalent circuit of the voltage divider is made. In addition, the influence of the insulating housing and the electrical insulation oil on the stray capacitances of the voltage divider is discussed.     

基于晶闸管模糊控制的电动机软起动研究

传统降压起动方式会对电动机本身、拖动设备及电源设备的使用寿命有很大的影响,同时对电网电压也造成很大的冲击,影响同一电网其他电气设备的正常运行.为了解决上述问题,本文研究了三相感应电动机软起动器.主电路由三组反并联的晶闸管构成,通过控制晶闸管的触发角,降低电动机定子电压,从而达到抑制起动电流冲击的目的.对交流调压电路进行...     

有载调压中互斥晶闸管开关组的通断控制

为提高调压速度,提出了有载调压过程中互斥晶闸管开关组的通断控制方法,它采用电流在过零点的瞬间来控制互斥晶闸管开关组的通断以限制有载调压过程中调压绕组过电压。理论分析及仿真验证了该法快速、无电弧、无冲击、平滑调压的可行性。该法还可用于切换感性负载的电源及投入备用电源。