电沉积工艺条件对镍箔机械性能的影响

电沉积法是生产宽幅薄镍箔经济而有效的方法，运用回归正交设计建立了硫酸镍溶液电沉积生产镍箔材抗拉强度和延经与工艺参数之间的二次回归方程，探讨了电沉积工艺条件对镍箔机械性能的影响，并在生产中进行了验证。     

Intrinsic Effects due to the Reduction of Thickness on the Mechanical Behavior of Nickel Polycrystals

Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on high-purity nickel polycrystals with thicknesses (t) ranging from 12.5 to 3200 μm. The grain size (d) of each sample was set to a value close to 100 μm in order to avoid grain size effects. Experimental results highlight the intrinsic effect of the thickness on the mechanical properties of nickel. For plastic strains higher than 0.01, a strong softening of the flow stress is clearly observed when the t/d ratio decreases from four to one. This critical range is independent of the plastic strain. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of dislocation structures were carried out in core and surface regions of samples plastically strained in the second hardening stage. It is shown that the mean dislocation cell diameter obtains values two or three times higher near free surfaces than in core areas for specimens with t/d ratios lying at a range of 1 to 4. This observation can be interpreted in terms of an increase in the mean free path of mobile dislocations in the second hardening stage. The transition between polycrystal and single-crystal behavior for nickel with constant grain size and various thicknesses is, therefore, an intrinsic effect related to progressively stronger surface softening effects.     

Formation and Sintering Behavior of Nanocrystalline Fe-Ni Powder by Mechanical Alloying

Thepotentialapplicationofnanostructuredma terialsusedasnovelstructuralorfunctionalengi neeringmaterialslargelydependsontheconsolida tionofpowdersbywhichthebulknanostructuredsolidsaremade .Theretentionofthemetastablemi crostructureintheconsolidationprocessismandato ryforpreservingthesuperiormechanical,electricalorcatalyticpropertiesofthematerial.Severalau thorsshowedthatthepressure assistedsinteringisadequateforbothreachingfulldensityandprevent inggraingrowth ,besidesthenanostructuredmateri als…     

真空烧结条件对钽粉物理性能的影响

研究了不同的真空烧结条件对钠还原制备钽粉的比表面积、表面微观形貌的影响。通过拟合得到不同比表面积钽粉的初始烧结温度、比表面积随真空烧结温度变化的经验方程,以及钽粉经高温烧结后比表面积变化拟合关系式。当在初始烧结温度以下进行烧结时,粉末的比表面积、微观形貌没有较大变化,当烧结温度高于初始烧结温度时,粉末的比表面积随真空烧结温度增加而减少,而粉末形貌表现为细枝晶粗大化。     

烧结温度对高钨重合金性能的影响

研究了烧结温度对高钨含量W—Ni—Fe重合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明：钨基重合金的显微组织和力学性能与烧结温度密切相关。合适的烧结温度可以使合金具有良好的显微组织和优良的力学性能，而烧结温度较低时，合金中的粘结相分布不均匀，烧结温度较高时，合金中的钨颗粒粗大，两者都会显著降低其力学性能。     

Mechanical Behavior of Al-SiC Nanocomposites Produced by Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering

Al-SiC nanocomposites were prepared by high energy ball milling of mixtures of pure Al and 50-nm-diameter SiC nanoparticles, followed by spark plasma sintering. The final composites had grains of approximately 100 nm dimensions, with SiC particles located mostly at grain boundaries. The samples were tested in uniaxial compression by nano- and microindentation in order to establish the effect of the SiC volume fraction, stearic acid addition to the powder, and the milling time on the mechanical properties. The results are compared with those obtained for pure Al processed under similar conditions and for AA1050 aluminum. The yield stress of the nanocomposite with 1 vol pct SiC is more than ten times larger than that of AA1050. The largest increase is due to grain size reduction; nanocrystalline Al without SiC and processed by the same method has a yield stress seven times larger than AA1050. Adding 0.5 vol pct SiC increases the yield stress by an additional 47 pct, while the addition of 1 vol pct SiC leads to 50 pct increase relative to the nanocrystalline Al without SiC. Increasing the milling time and adding stearic acid to the powder during milling lead to relatively small increases of the flow stress. The hardness measured in nano- and microindentation experiments confirms these trends, although the numerical values of the gains are different. The stability of the microstructure was tested by annealing samples to 423 K and 523 K (150 °C and 250 °C) for 2 hours, in separate experiments. The heat treatment had no effect on the mechanical properties, except when treating the material with 1 vol pct SiC at 523 K (250 °C), which led to a reduction of the yield stress by 13 pct. The data suggest that the main strengthening mechanism is associated with grain size reduction, while the role of the SiC particles is mostly that of stabilizing the nanograins.     

The Effect of Twins on the Mechanical Behavior of Boron Carbide

The microstructure and mechanical properties of boron carbide (B₄C) samples processed by slip casting were compared with those processed by the conventional hot-pressing technique. Although the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical experiments showed comparable results between the slip-cast and hot-pressed B₄C, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction of the B₄C samples revealed significant differences in the microstructure. A notable difference was the numerous growth twins in the slip-cast samples. The twin planes were determined to be { 10[`1] 1 } left{ { 10bar{1} 1} right} and consisted of 35 pct of the boundary population in the slip-cast B₄C but only 1 pct of the boundary population in the hot-pressed B₄C. It was hypothesized that the presence of twins will cause a different failure mechanism. The effect of the twins on the stress state was examined by finite-element simulations and will also be discussed.     

Mechanical Behavior and Size Sensitivity of Nanocrystalline Nickel Wires Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The mechanisms of deformation and failure in face-centered cubic (FCC) nickel nanowires subjected to uniaxial tensile loading are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and the size effect on mechanical properties of FCC metal nanowires is studied. Simulation reveals that the surface free energy has great influence on the deformation and failure mechanism of metal nanowires. As a result of free surfaces and their reconstruction, the surface atoms depart from the perfect crystal lattice positions, leading to the appearance of nanocavities on the surfaces that are exposed to external load. The deformation process of nanowires undergoes expansion and connection of nanocavities from surface into inner lattices. Slip occurs during the deformation process, which is consistent with experimental phenomena. Elastic stiffness, yield, and fracture strength of nickel nanowires with various cross-sectional sizes are obtained, and the size effect on these mechanical properties is further analyzed. Based on numerical results, a set of quantitative prediction formulas are proposed, and they are capable of explaining the size sensitivity of nickel nanowires on the mechanical properties. Both the elastic modulus and yield strength of nickel nanowires are in a linear relationship with respect to the logarithm of their cross-sectional size, whereas the fracture strength exhibits an inverse relationship to the exponent of cross-sectional size of nickel nanowires. By using the MD simulation, the elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture strength of a nickel nanowire in relationship to its cross-sectional size are well predicted, and they are in remarkable agreement with experimental and available numerical results. The present study demonstrates that the adopted MD simulation is capable of simulating the mechanical behavior of nanowires with respect to their geometrical size and providing numerical data that can be used to develop the empirical formulas on the effect of various physical and geometric parameters on their mechanical properties.     

Evaluation of Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of CuNiCoZnAl High-Entropy Alloy Fabricated Using Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Thermal behavior investigation of CuNiCoZnAl high-entropy alloy powder produced by mechanical alloying indicated that a FCC single-phase solid solution transformed into two new phases at 500 °C. Despite this phase transformation, no indication of intermetallic compounds or amorphous phases was detected. Heat treatment of the high-entropy alloy was then carried out for 2 hours, and the nanocrystalline structure of heat-treated milled powder was retained up to 1000 °C. Besides, grain growth of CuNiCoZnAl high-entropy alloy powder at high homologous temperatures (> 0.6 T_m) was studied, and sluggish grain growth of the powder was observed clearly. Consolidation of the alloy powder was performed by spark plasma sintering at 800 °C, and a sample with porosity of 6.87 pct and density of 7.32 g cm⁻³ was achieved. Elastic moduli, Vickers microhardness, and fracture toughness of the bulk sample were measured as 186 ± 17 GPa, 599 ± 31 HV, and 4.45 MPa m^0.5, respectively. The evaluation of wear behavior indicated that the dominant wear mechanism was adhesive wear. Moreover, tribochemical wear (oxidation) was found to be the minor wear mechanism. The present study revealed that CuNiCoZnAl high-entropy alloy has the potential to be used in many applications that high hardness and low elastic moduli are favorable.

     

The Effect of Nickel Electroplating on Corrosion Behavior of Metal Matrix Composites

Nickel electroplating was applied to A356.2 aluminum alloy and its composites for improving its corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of the A356.2 and composites reinforced with rice husk ash particulates was evaluated by potentio-dynamic polarization tests in aerated 3.5% NaCl solution. Composites were fabricated by using the liquid state processing technique. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, techniques were used for surface analysis of the coatings before the corrosion tests and optical microscope was used to study the surface morphology of the uncoated and coated specimens after polarization tests. Results demonstrated that the nickel coated specimens exhibited higher corrosion resistance than the uncoated specimens. However, it was noticed that there was no significant change in the corrosion resistance for the nickel plated composites.     

泡沫铝力学性能的研究及有限元模拟

首先对基体材料、特征参数以及应变率等影响泡沫金属力学性能的因素进行了分析叙述,认为无论何种参数都对泡沫铝的力学性能构成一定的影响,各参数影响程度与胞孔结构有关。然后综述了多孔材料模型以及准静态和动态泡沫铝力学性能有限元模拟的研究进展,最后总结了当前的研究结果并提出自己的观点。     

铌对新型Ni-Cr-Fe镍基合金力学性能的影响

新型Ni-Cr-Fe镍基合金(%:0.036～0.044C、16.71～17.10Cr、63.04～63.95 Ni、8.98～10.76Fe、2.50～2.88Mo、2.01～4.97Nb、0.06V、0.74～0.82Al、2.00～2.06 Ti)由25 kg真空感应炉熔炼,锻成Φ15 mm和14mm×14 mm棒材。采用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD),化学相分析和拉力试验研究了铌含量对65Ni18Cr-10Fe合金组织和性能的影响。结果发现,随着合金中铌含量的增加,γ′、γ″、η相的析出数量增多,尺寸增大,形态由断续的颗粒、短棒状改变为长片层状;导致合金的室温强度随之升高,而塑性随之下降。     

钛含量对Inconel 690镍基合金力学性能的影响

研究了Ti含量(0.35%～1.10%)对Inconel 690镍基合金(%:0.034～0.036C、29.40～29.68Cr、9.11～9.22Fe、0.34～0.36A1、0.004 4～0.004 5N)950～1 100℃水冷+715℃15～100 h空冷后的室温和350℃的组织和力学性能。结果表明,含1.10%Ti合金的强度(Rm和Rp0.2)较含0.35%～0.70%Ti合金的强度高200～400 MPa,强度提高的主要原因为715℃时效后1.10%Ti合金析出3.70%～3.99%γ′强化相,而0.35%～0.70%Ti合金715℃时效后γ′强化相析出量仅为0～0.53%。     

Investigation of the Process of Synthesizing Nanosized Nickel Powders by Hydrogen Reduction Under Nonisothermal Conditions

Metallurgist - We study the kinetic characteristics and properties of the product of the process of synthesizing nickel nanopowders by the hydrogen reduction of Ni(OH)2 hydroxide compound under...     

Enhanced Sintering of TiNi Shape Memory Foams under Mg Vapor Atmosphere

TiNi alloy foams are promising candidates for biomaterials to be used as artificial orthopedic implant materials for bone replacement applications in biomedical sector. However, certain problems exist in their processing routes, such as formation of unwanted secondary intermetallic phases leading to brittleness and deterioration of shape memory and superelasticity characteristics; and the contamination during processing resulting in oxides and carbonitrides which affect mechanical properties negatively. Moreover, the eutectic reaction present in Ti-Ni binary system at 1391?K (1118?°C) prevents employment of higher sintering temperatures (and higher mechanical properties) even when equiatomic prealloyed powders are used because of Ni enrichment of TiNi matrix as a result of oxidation. It is essential to prevent oxidation of TiNi powders during processing for high-temperature (>1391?K i.e., 1118?°C) sintering practices. In the current study, magnesium powders were used as space holder material to produce TiNi foams with the porosities in the range of 40 to 65?pct. It has been found that magnesium prevents secondary phase formation and contamination. It also prevents liquid phase formation while enabling employment of higher sintering temperatures by two-step sintering processing: holding the sample at 1373?K (1100?°C) for 30?minutes, and subsequently sintering at temperatures higher than the eutectic temperature, 1391?K (1118?°C). By this procedure, magnesium may allow sintering up to temperatures close to the melting point of TiNi. TiNi foams produced with porosities in the range of 40 to 55?pct were found to be acceptable as implant materials in the light of their favorable mechanical properties.