固溶处理对选区激光融化316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀性能行为的影响机制

选区激光融化316L不锈钢(SLM-316L不锈钢)常采用固溶处理进行组织优化、消减残余应力,以获得优异综合性能.奥氏体不锈钢的晶间腐蚀行为与其组织结构有较高的依赖性,因此固溶处理会提高SLM-316L不锈钢的晶间腐蚀性能.然而,固溶处理对SLM-316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀行为的影响规律和机制目前尚不清晰.基于此,本文首先对SLM-316L不锈钢进行1150℃固溶处理,随后采用SEM、EBSD、TEM等分析其组织结构特征和纳米氧化物颗粒形貌,最后采用双环电化学再活化和过硫酸铵电解试验研究其晶间腐蚀行为.主要结论如下：固溶处理后SLM-316L不锈钢发生再结晶,形成规则形状等轴晶粒及退火孪晶;纳米氧化物颗粒粗化,晶界处最大尺寸能够达到微米级,同时氧化物颗粒的类型也从菱矿石结构的MnSiO₃转变为尖晶石结构CrMn₂O₄;固溶处理导致SLM-316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀性能下降,伴随着敏化时间的延长,晶间腐蚀类型从台阶状转变为沟状.     

甲酸浓度对316L不锈钢腐蚀钝化?活化转变行为的影响

为深入认识316L不锈钢在甲酸溶液中的钝化-活化转变行为,在90 ℃、质量分数为0~30%的甲酸溶液中对316L不锈钢进行全浸试验和阳极极化曲线测试。研究了甲酸质量分数对316L不锈钢腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌、开路电位、初始钝化电位、临界电流密度、钝化电流密度和钝化膜破裂电位的影响规律,分析了H+ 和HCOO? 含量对活化区、过渡区和钝化区阳极反应的影响机制。结果表明,316L不锈钢在甲酸溶液中发生非均匀的全面腐蚀。当甲酸质量分数达到30%、腐蚀速率为1.2×10?3 mm·a?1时,316L不锈钢就具有明显的钝化?活化转变。随着甲酸质量分数增加,316L不锈钢的初始钝化电位正移、临界电流密度增大、钝化电流密度增大、钝化膜破裂电位负移。甲酸溶液中H+ 和HCOO? 含量的增加,会加速316L不锈钢活性溶解,抑制钝化膜生长,促进钝化-活化转变。      

成品退火工艺对罐箱用316L奥氏体不锈钢组织及性能影响研究

通过对罐箱用超低碳奥氏体不锈钢316L的热处理工艺试验,研究了不同温度和保温时间对材料组织、常温和高温（130℃）力学性能及耐晶间腐蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着温度的提高和保温时间的延长,材料的晶粒变大,常温和高温强度指标得到提高,而塑性减小。耐晶间腐蚀性能在本实验的各种参数条件下均表现合格,说明碳已经完全固溶于基体,负面影响基本消除。     

表面处理对海洋工程用316L不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

316L不锈钢为常用的耐蚀合金材料,然而其在海洋大气环境服役时易遭受点腐蚀而发生失效。通过点腐蚀速率、临界点蚀温度、点蚀电位、极化曲线测试等评价方法,对经过不同表面处理(光亮退火、抛光、酸洗钝化)后的316L不锈钢的耐点蚀性能进行测试分析。结果表明,不同表面处理对316L不锈钢的临界点蚀温度影响不大,但会使点腐蚀速率、点蚀电位有所差异;在测试条件下,抛光及酸洗钝化均可有效提高316L不锈钢的耐点蚀性能,其中酸洗钝化态的耐点蚀性能最好,因此建议对海洋工程用316L不锈钢产品在使用前进行酸洗钝化处理。     

热处理对S32003经济型双相不锈钢组织和性能的影响

 就不同热处理制度对S32003双相不锈钢的力学性能、金相组织、耐蚀性的影响规律进行研究。结果表明,在850~1100℃之间,随着温度的升高,强度、硬度逐渐降低,而伸长率逐渐增大;在850～900℃热处理,铁素体晶内及铁素体-奥氏体相界锯齿形析出高铬的点状第二相,对耐蚀性能不利。在高于950 ℃热处理的过程中,第二相可以溶解。经对析出相的结构分析,可以确认为Cr2N。     

节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的组织及性能

研究了节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的热轧及固溶后的力学性能和耐蚀性能,分析了其固溶和时效析出后的组织演变规律、冷变形过程中形变诱发马氏体相变及其磁性能.结果表明:该不锈钢的固溶组织为单相奥氏体,其力学性能和耐蚀性能均高于SUS304不锈钢;800℃保温4 h后,在晶界析出粒状氮化物,随着保温时间延长,逐渐沿晶界凸起片层状析出物并向晶内生长,保温20 h后,凸出的片层状析出物直径达20μm.冷轧压下率18.3%时尚未发现形变诱发马氏体组织,随着变形量增大,马氏体含量增多,磁导率上升,但与相同条件下的SUS304不锈钢相比,冷轧板固溶后相对磁导率可降至1.002,因此可用于低成本无磁不锈钢领域.      

2205双相不锈钢连铸坯加热过程组织转变

对2205双相不锈钢连铸坯试样在1 220、1 240、1 260、1 280℃保温10、20、30和40 min进行加热处理,通过光学显微镜和铁素体仪试验分析2205双相不锈钢的组织和铁素体含量随保温时间和加热温度的变化情况.结果表明,2205双相不锈钢连铸坯试样在相同的保温时间下,随着加热温度的升高,铁素体含量逐渐增加,1 260℃时奥氏体晶粒明显变得粗大;在相同的加热温度下,随着保温时间的延长,铁素体的含量逐渐减少.     

加热制度对316L铸坯微观组织和力学性能的影响

奥氏体不锈钢316L中的δ铁素体含量对其表面质量、热加工性能和力学性能方面有着明显的影响。研究了连铸坯加热过程中不同温度和保温时间对316L中δ铁素体含量、形貌和力学性能的影响,研究表明,316L连铸坯热轧前加热温度在奥氏体单相区以下时,铁素体含量随着加热时间的延长而减少,且温度越高,同样的加热时间其铁素体含量越少;当加热温度处于铁素体＋奥氏体双相区,随着时间的延长,铁素体含量也在逐渐减少,但没有单相区加热时降低的明显,适量δ铁素体的存在有利于提高材料的力学性能。     

NiTi合金腐蚀性能研究

研究了稀氯化物溶液(模拟人体生理环境)中NiTi合金的腐蚀行为。NiTi合金的镍离子析出量小于316L不锈钢。NiTi—B合金的耐腐蚀性能优于NiTi—A合金。砂纸抛光 氧化处理的NiTi合金的耐腐蚀性能优于砂纸抛光处理的NiTi合金。NiTi合金的耐腐蚀性能随热处理温度的升高及热处理时间的延长而提高；在500℃／90min时，NiTi合金耐腐蚀性能最佳。NiTi合金的耐腐蚀性能与其表面形成的氧化膜有关。     

SLM-316L细丝脂润滑摩擦磨损性能

为研究金属橡胶用选择性激光熔融(SLM)技术制备的316L不锈钢细丝在脂润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,探讨了不同载荷、不同摩擦速度以及载荷(F)和摩擦速度(v)共同作用的Fv因子对SLM-316L细丝摩擦系数和磨损率的影响规律,利用扫描电镜观察细丝磨损表面形貌,利用能谱仪（EDS）检测磨损表面元素种类与原子分数,分析其磨损机制。结果表明:在脂润滑条件下,摩擦系数随着载荷的增大而减小,磨损率随载荷的增大呈先降后升的趋势。摩擦系数和磨损率均随摩擦速度的增大呈先升后降趋势。低载荷下SLM-316L细丝磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和轻微的氧化磨损,较高载荷下氧化磨损加剧并伴随疲劳磨损。低摩擦速度下SLM-316L细丝磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损和氧化磨损,较高摩擦速度下氧化磨损减弱,以磨粒磨损为主。摩擦系数随Fv值的增大而减小,磨损率随Fv值的增大呈先升后降再升的变化趋势。因此用SLM-316L细丝制备的金属橡胶在脂润滑条件下最佳工作参数:Fv等于0.04 N?m?s?1,即载荷10 N、摩擦速度240 mm?min?1。      

Electronic Properties of Passive Films Formed on G3 and G30 Nickel-based Alloys in Bicarbonate/Carbonate Buffer Solution

The electronic properties of passive films formed on G3 and G30 alloys in bicarbonate/carbonate buffer solution were comparatively studied by electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) and Mott-Schottky analysis, the chemical composition of the passive film formed on G3 alloy was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that passive film on G3 alloy had better protection than that on G30 alloy. The transfer resistance, film resistance and diffusion resistance of the passive films on both alloys increased with increasing formation potential, prolonging formation time, increasing pH value, decreasing formation temperature, and decreasing chloride and sulphide ions concentration. Mott-Schottky plot reveals that the passive films on the two alloys show a p-n semi-conductive character. XPS analysis indicates that the passive film on G3 alloy was composed of an inner Cr oxide and an outer Fe, Mo/Ni oxides.     

Effect of Chloride on Semiconducting Properties of Passive Films Formed on Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in NaHCO3 Solution

 The effects of chloride ion on the electrochemical behavior and the semiconducting properties of the passive film on supermartensitic stainless steel in 0. 5 mol/L NaHCO3 solution were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, the potentiostatic current transients and Mott-Schottky analysis. The results indicated that chloride ion narrowed passivation region and improved pitting susceptibility. The steady state current densities were independent of film-formed potentials, which was in good agreement with the assumption of the point defect model (PDM). The capacitance results showed the fact that the passive films had a multilayer character. The defect density decreased with increasing passive film formation potential. The chloride ion induced changes of the acceptor densities and donor densities of the passive films.     

Subgrain microstructures and tensile properties of 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting

316L stainless steel samples were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructure of SLM-made 316L stainless steel and the room temperature te...     

Passivation process of X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions

The passivation process of X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions was investigated using potentiodynamic, dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS), and Mott-Schottky measurements. The results show that the shape of polarization curves tions. No anodic current peak exists in HCO3- solutions when the concentration is lower than 0.009 mol/L, whereas there are one and two anodic current peaks when the HCO3- concentration ranges from 0.009 to 0.05 mol/L and is higher than 0.1 mol/L, respectively. DEIS measurements show that there exist active dissolution range, transition range, pre-passive range, passive layer formation range, passive range,and trans-passive range for X80 pipeline steel in the 0.1 mol/L HCO3- solutions. The results of DEIS measurements are in complete agreement with the potentiodynamic diagram. An equivalent circuit containing three sub-layers is used to explain the Nyquist plots in the passive range. Analyses are well made for explaining the corresponding fitted capacitance and impedance. The Mott-Schottky plots show that the passive film of X80 pipeline steel is an n-type semiconductor, and capacitance measurements are in good accordance with the results of DEIS experiment.     

Electrochemical Behaviour of Surface Modified AISI 304 Grade Stainless Steel in Ringer’s Solution

Stainless steels are widely used as orthopedic implant materials. The main problems with these implant materials are fatigue fracture, fretting fatigue, wear and corrosion. Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is a newly developed method to improve the materials properties and performance. In the present study, AISI 304 SS was subjected to SMAT using 2, 5 and 8 mm ? 316L SS balls for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min at 50 Hz under vacuum. SMAT of 304 SS increased the surface roughness, induced the formation of mechanical twins, strain induced martensite phase, and increased the defect density, which is a function of the size of the balls and treatment time. SMAT using 5 and 8 mm ? balls significantly decreased the corrosion resistance whereas treatment using 2 mm ? balls enabled an anodic shift in E_corr and a marginal decrease in i_corr. However, increase in surface roughness leads to the formation of a defective passive film and a decrease in breakdown potential.     

Characterization of high-temperature oxide films on dysprosium-doped Fe-20Cr alloys by electrochemical techniques

The oxidation properties of Fe-20Cr,Fe-20Cr-0.2Dy and Fe-20Cr-1Dy alloys were studied using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques.The high-temperature oxide films of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys were prepared in air at 900 oC for 24,48 and 100 h,respectively.The electrochemical experiment was performed by a three-electrode electrochemical cell and in 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 aqueous solution.Proper models were built for describing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the different oxide layers and the spectra were interpreted in terms of a two-layer model of the films.The results revealed that the oxide films of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys became compacter than that of undoped alloys and retained their good protective ability for a relatively long time.With increasing content of Dy,the protection of the oxide films slightly decreased.Mott-Schottky curves indicated that all the oxides were n-type semi-conductors,and the Nd value of oxide film on Fe-20Cr was much larger than that of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys.The results of kinetic curves and SEM were in agreement with electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky data.     

The influence of explosive-driven shock prestraining at 35 GPa and of high deformation on the structure/property behavior of 316 L austenitic stainless steel

The mechanical responses of high-explosive (HE)-driven “Taylor-Wave” shock prestrained, 20 pct quasistatically uniaxially compressed, and 32 pct cross-rolled 316 L austenitic stainless steel (SS) samples were investigated in compression and tension at room temperature. The results of the compression and tension tests were compared to the deformation results of the annealed microstructure at a strain rate of 10⁻³ s⁻¹. The mechanical behavior of the 316 L SS following explosive shock prestraining exhibits a factor of 2 increase in yield stress over that observed for the annealed material. A significant reduction in ductility due to the Taylor-wave shock prestraining of the 316 L SS was also observed in tension. The microstructure and substructure evolution of the shock-prestrained 316 L SS samples were investigated using optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructural analyses revealed a high density of deformation twins following Taylor-wave shock prestraining and cross-rolling to 32 pct strain. These microstructures were compared to those of the 20 pct quasi-statically uniaxially prestrained 316 L SS. The current experimental results were found to agree with previous literature results on SS samples shock-prestrained utilizing “square-topped” and explosive Taylor-wave shock-pulse loading.