基于ADAMS的仿壁虎机器人步态规划及仿真

分析了一种仿壁虎机器人的机械结构及其运动学原理,通过对壁虎运动行为的研究,规划了一种仿壁 虎的墙面爬行对角步态．利用ADAMS 对机器人沿垂直壁面爬行的运动进行了仿真,分析了模型质心位移、关节转 矩以及足部与壁面之间的接触力等参数．最后通过实验分析,验证了结构设计、步态规划的合理性,所选择的电机 符合设计要求．     

基于MATLAB的仿壁虎机器人天花板粘附运动仿真

壁虎脚掌具有"范德华力"的干粘附特性,而实现仿壁虎机器人在负表面(如天花板)运动具有极高的难度,基于MATLAB/SimMechanic建立了仿壁虎机器人动力学模型。采用变弹性阻尼模型构建粘附力模型,模拟脚掌的粘附力各向异性。利用规划的负表面步态进行天花板粘附运动仿真,仿真表明仿壁虎机器人能按照预定的步态实现天花板的粘附运动,而天花板的非稳定性扰动来自脚掌粘附支撑相和脱附摆动相的交替处,为未来仿壁虎机器人天花板爬行实验提供仿真参考数据。     

关节式爬管机器人的运动稳定性研究

在爬管机器人的运动稳定性问题的研究中,设计了一种应用关节式机器人运动原理的爬管机器人.为提高机器人运动的稳定性,提出以关节翻转力矩和手爪夹持力来评判运动姿态的稳定性,以躯干质心位移和速度的变化规律来评判运动轨迹的稳定性.利用ADAMS软件建立了在一个运动周期内,各关节驱动电机的输出转矩、手爪与管道之间的接触力,以及躯干质心的位移、速度等随时间的变化规律模型.结果表明所设计的爬管机器人的关节翻转力矩和手爪夹持力能满足运动姿态稳定性的要求,且能够以约1.11 m/min的速度沿着垂直管道平稳地爬行,不偏离爬行方向,保证了机器人运动轨迹的稳定性.仿真结果为下一步研制关节式爬管机器人的物理样机提供了理论指导,也为其它类型的爬管机器人研究提供了参考.     

爪刺式飞行爬壁机器人的仿生机理与系统设计

在深入分析自然界生物在含粉尘非结构化表面上着陆栖息和爬行仿生原理的基础上,建立了爪刺式飞行爬壁机器人的爬行动力学模型和接触―碰撞动力学模型,研究了爬壁系统的爬行动力学和机器人整机的接触―碰撞动力学行为.利用柔性碳纤维杆和柔性绳组合机构以及爪刺机构,实现爪刺对壁面的自适应抓附与脱离.完成了具有飞行和壁面爬行能力的爪刺式飞行爬壁机器人的优化设计,并开展了整机着陆栖息和爬行的实验.通过与计算结果的比较,验证了动力学模型的正确性和仿生设计的可行性.研究得到了理想爬行步态所需要的舵机驱动力曲线,且发现当尼龙绳预紧力为0.75 N时,对爬行过程中的抖振现象的减缓效果最佳.同时,还深入分析了着陆初速度、能量转换以及舵机升力对着陆栖息的影响,结果表明当着陆碰撞前速度约为0.9 m/s、俯仰角约为?10?时,机器人能正常着陆在粗糙壁面上,并且碳纤维杆的能量转换与升力的共同配合能扩大成功着陆所需的初始状态范围.     

仿壁虎机器人足端工作空间分析及其实现协调运动的步态规划

基于对壁虎爬行运动的研究,提出一种四足仿壁虎爬壁机器人.对其机械结构、运动学、足端工作空间和越障能力进行了分析,规划了两种爬行步态,并针对实验中出现的过驱动问题进行了分析,设计了一种多关节协调控制算法.实验结果表明,使用该控制算法的机器人运动是协调稳定的,验证了分析结果的正确性和控制算法的有效性.     

柔性仿生爬壁机器人控制系统研究

通过对壁虎运动机理以及柔性脚掌结构的理论分析和实验研究,文中提出一种新型柔性仿壁虎爬壁机器人的控制方法,该控制系统采用以MCU为核心控制器的分布式系统,依据精确的步态规划实现了机器人的稳定爬行,在实验环境下通过实物样机验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

一种仿生爪刺式履带爬壁机器人设计与分析

为提高爬壁机器人的粘附性能和脱附效率,实现高效爬行运动,提出了一种仿生爪刺式履带爬壁机器人.该机器人结合了腿式机器人容易脱附和履带式机器人粘附面积大的优点,在不增加额外驱动的前提下,实现了机器人爪刺足的可控粘附与脱附.首先,在东方绢金龟足部柔顺跗节链结构的启发下,设计了仿生柔顺爪刺结构来适应粗糙壁面形貌、提高足部粘附性能.然后,针对履带旋转运动引起爪刺脱附困难的问题,设计了一种双轨道机构来模仿昆虫足部粘附、脱附动作.最后,在多种粗糙壁面上开展了爬行实验,结果表明爪刺足粘附稳定且易于脱附.     

动物接触力测试系统的研制与应用

研究爬壁动物在爬壁运动时其足掌与接触面间的接触力学规律及其运动步态,可为爬壁机器的设计与控制提供重要启示.研制的动物接触力测试系统由三维力传感器、信号调理模块、数据采集与处理模块、动态图像的记录与分析等组成,可用于树蛙、壁虎等在不同表面状况下的足掌与接触面之间的接触力学测试.利用该系统进行了树蛙垂直表面爬行时的力学测试...     

基于变质量系统力学理论的爬壁机器人动力学分析

一类工作在高空危险环境下的爬壁机器人,自身拖曳的电缆或携带的作业原料（如清洗液、油漆等）的质量随着作业高度和进度可能发生变化,势必会影响机器人的壁面牵引驱动能力,而牵引能力决定了机器人的运动能力和工作可靠性．基于变质量系统力学理论,将这一类爬壁机器人系统看作变质量物体．首先,针对质点动力学的两类基本问题,利用变质量牛顿力学原理建立其动力学模型;进一步针对轮式爬壁机器人,建立了非完整约束条件下的变质量系统分析动力学模型．仿真分析表明,将这一类在高空作业的爬壁机器人作为变质量物体进行动力学分析是合理和必要的,为提高其壁面工作能力和适应性提供了一种新的研究思路．     

一种轮足复合式爬壁机器人动力学建模与分析

针对爬壁机器人不同状态下吸附力合理值的求解问题开展研究.首先分析了一种包含闭链约束的轮足复合型移动机构,基于运动等效原则将其拆成开链机构.利用牛顿-欧拉算法对分拆后的开链机构进行动力学建模.基于动力学模型,以运动失效的临界条件为约束函数,构建爬壁机器人在不同倾角壁面上的吸附力学模型,从而获得不同状态下吸附力的合理值.仿真和实验表明基于该模型获得的吸附力参数能够保证机器人的安全吸附.因此所构建的模型是合理的,可以为爬壁机器人在不同状态下合理控制吸附力大小提供理论依据.     

Design and motion planning of an autonomous climbing robot with claws

This paper presents the design of a novel robot capable of climbing on vertical and rough surfaces, such as stucco walls. Termed CLIBO (claw inspired robot), the robot can remain in position for a long period of time. Such a capability offers important civilian and military advantages such as surveillance, observation, search and rescue and even for entertainment and games. The robot’s kinematics and motion, is a combination between mimicking a technique commonly used in rock climbing using four limbs to climb and a method used by cats to climb on trees with their claws. It uses four legs, each with four-degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) and specially designed claws attached to each leg that enable it to maneuver itself up the wall and to move in any direction. At the tip of each leg is a gripping device made of 12 fishing hooks and aligned in such a way that each hook can move independently on the wall’s surface. This design has the advantage of not requiring a tail-like structure that would press against the surface to balance its weight. A locomotion algorithm was developed to provide the robot with an autonomous capability for climbing along the pre-designed route. The algorithm takes into account the kinematics of the robot and the contact forces applied on the foot pads. In addition, the design provides the robot with the ability to review its gripping strength in order to achieve and maintain a high degree of reliability in its attachment to the wall. An experimental robot was built to validate the model and its motion algorithm. Experiments demonstrate the high reliability of the special gripping device and the efficiency of the motion planning algorithm.     

A control for an insectomorphic robot in climbing to the top of a vertical corner and in moving on a step ladder

For a six-legged robot, the problem of climbing a roof of a vertical right dihedral corner along its walls and a vertical high shelf with the help of a step ladder is investigated. The motions are realized with the help of the dry friction forces. The motion of the robot is formed by imposing servo-constraints in the form of adaptive step cycles of legs and the required geometric structure of body motion. An asymptotically stable program motion of legs relative to the body and the whole system is implemented by a PD controller. The results of 3D computer simulation of the controlled robot dynamics are presented.     

Gait planning based on kinematics for a quadruped gecko model with redundancy

Recent research on mobile robots has focused on locomotion in various environments. In this paper, a gait-generation algorithm for a mobile robot that can travel from the ground to a wall and climb vertical surfaces is proposed. The algorithm was inspired by a gecko lizard. Our gait planning was based on inverse kinematics using the Jacobian of the whole body, where the redundancy was solved by defining an object function for the gecko posture to avoid collisions with the surface. The optimal scalar factor for these two objects was obtained by defining a superior object function to minimize the angular acceleration of joints. The algorithm was verified through simulation of the gecko model travelling on given task paths and avoiding abnormal joint movements and collisions.     

Smooth Vertical Surface Climbing With Directional Adhesion

Stickybot is a bioinspired robot that climbs smooth vertical surfaces such as glass, plastic, and ceramic tile at 4 cm/s. The robot employs several design principles adapted from the gecko including a hierarchy of compliant structures, directional adhesion, and control of tangential contact forces to achieve control of adhesion. We describe the design and fabrication methods used to create underactuated, multimaterial structures that conform to surfaces over a range of length scales from centimeters to micrometers. At the finest scale, the undersides of Stickybot's toes are covered with arrays of small, angled polymer stalks. Like the directional adhesive structures used by geckos, they readily adhere when pulled tangentially from the tips of the toes toward the ankles; when pulled in the opposite direction, they release. Working in combination with the compliant structures and directional adhesion is a force control strategy that balances forces among the feet and promotes smooth attachment and detachment of the toes.     

基于刚柔耦合模型的仿生鸭机器人运动分析

通过Hypermesh有限元软件及Adams动力学软件建立了所设计的一种仿生鸭机器人的刚柔耦合模型以更好地模拟真实的运行工况.计算了小腿的动态受力及形变情况,并分析了影响蹼足运动参数的两种因素,即小腿结构是否形变及腿部关节摩擦系数.结果表明：在机器人运行过程中,小腿满足强度和刚度要求；小腿形变导致的蹼足运动学参数误差会使机器人运行时的精确性变差；对关节进行润滑可以减小机器人移动时受到的冲击.仿真计算结果可为后续机器人结构优化提供数据参考.     

油罐检测爬壁机器人结构与控制系统设计

研究智能爬壁机器人检测技术及其系统 ,提出了机器人在大型垂直罐壁移动作业的路径规划方法 ,并分析了抗倾覆机构的作用 ,设计给出了机器人总体结构和控制系统 .系统以磁吸附爬壁机器人为运动载体 ,采用非接触式无损检测技术 ,并配备多种传感器 ,具备较高的智能化水平 .现场实验表明 ,该系统自动化程度高、运动稳定可靠、定位精度高 ,大幅度提高了检测效率 .     

Design and control of a climbing robot based on hot melt adhesion

Robust climbing in unstructured environments has been one of the long-standing challenges in robotics research. Among others, the control of large adhesion forces is still an important problem that significantly restricts the locomotion performance of climbing robots. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a novel approach to autonomous robot climbing which makes use of hot melt adhesion (HMA). The HMA material is known as an economical solution to achieve large adhesion forces, which can be varied by controlling the material temperature. For locomotion on both inclined and vertical walls, this paper investigates the basic characteristics of HMA material, and proposes a design and control of a climbing robot that uses the HMA material for attaching and detaching its body to the environment. The robot is equipped with servomotors and thermal control units to actively vary the temperature of the material, and the coordination of these components enables the robot to walk against the gravitational forces even with a relatively large body weight. A real-world platform is used to demonstrate locomotion on a vertical wall, and the experimental result shows the feasibility and overall performances of this approach.     

拆线机器人的轮式爬线机构及顶升装置设计

拆线施工机器人是一种爬线机器人,挂在架空线上沿线行进,代替工人完成拆线施工中索道缆绳的铺设。为满足拆线施工机器人在具有一定垂弧度的架空线上爬线行进的需要,对拆线施工机器人的爬线行进机构进行了分析与设计,提出了一种四轮爬线行进机构。该机构利用顶升装置及张紧轮提供额外的压力,以满足拆线施工机器人爬坡时所需的摩擦力。随后,分析了机器人爬坡时的受力情况,给出了顶升装置所提供压力的条件及计算公式。基于所提机构,进行了施工机器人的顶升装置的选型计算及论证,实际应用表明本文的设计可以满足实际需要。