A modified NARMAX model-based self-tuner with fault tolerance for unknown nonlinear stochastic hybrid systems with an input–output direct feed-through term

A modified nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (NARMAX) model-based state-space self-tuner with fault tolerance is proposed in this paper for the unknown nonlinear stochastic hybrid system with a direct transmission matrix from input to output. Through the off-line observer/Kalman filter identification method, one has a good initial guess of modified NARMAX model to reduce the on-line system identification process time. Then, based on the modified NARMAX-based system identification, a corresponding adaptive digital control scheme is presented for the unknown continuous-time nonlinear system, with an input–output direct transmission term, which also has measurement and system noises and inaccessible system states. Besides, an effective state space self-turner with fault tolerance scheme is presented for the unknown multivariable stochastic system. A quantitative criterion is suggested by comparing the innovation process error estimated by the Kalman filter estimation algorithm, so that a weighting matrix resetting technique by adjusting and resetting the covariance matrices of parameter estimate obtained by the Kalman filter estimation algorithm is utilized to achieve the parameter estimation for faulty system recovery. Consequently, the proposed method can effectively cope with partially abrupt and/or gradual system faults and input failures by the fault detection.     

Module level fault diagnosis for analog circuits based on system identification and genetic algorithm

This paper proposes a new module level fault diagnosis method for analog circuits. Firstly, the transfer function is constructed according to the relationship between output and input of the circuit under test (CUT). Every system parameter of the transfer function is expressed by several component parameters. These components are divided into several modules. Then, the way of objective function optimization based on genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to solve nonlinear equations, which are obtained by multi-frequency testing. Finally, the module level faults are detected by comparing the estimated system parameters to their normal values. The results show that the proposed method is effective to identify system parameters and locate module level faults.     

Adaptive control of uncertain continuously stirred tank reactors with unknown actuator nonlinearities

Adaptive nonlinear control is investigated for continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) systems using neural networks. The CSTR plant under study belongs to a class of nonaffine nonlinear systems, and contains an unknown parameter that enters the model nonlinearly. Using adaptive backstepping and neural network (NN) approximation techniques, an alternative adaptive NN controller is developed that achieves asymptotic output tracking control. A novel integral-type Lyapunov function, which includes both system states and control input as its arguments, is constructed to solve the difficulty associated with the nonaffine control problem. Numerical simulation is performed to show the feasibility of the proposed approach for chemical process control.     

Output feedback controller design for input time-delayed nonlinear system

The linearization of an input/output controller has been designed for an input time delay nonlinear time discretized nonlinear system. The time discretized nonlinear model has been obtained based on Taylor-Lie series expansion method and zero order hold assumption. The resulting control algorithm enables the time delay nonlinear system control, while the continuous time controller cannot handle a time delay nonlinear system due to its infinite dimensionality. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated by using two different case studies: a Van Der Pol equation and a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) system that all exhibit nonlinear behavior and input time delay. For all the case studies, the results validate the proposed methods.     

基于动态线性化方法的自适应PD控制器的设计

传统PD控制对非线性系统和参数时变摄动的控制效果不理想,该文提出一种基于动态线性化方法的自适应PD控制器的设计方法。该方法通过输入输出数据对控制器中的比例增益实时调整,从而获得更强的鲁棒性,改善了动、静态性能。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法对系统的参数摄动具有较好的控制效果。     

基于闭环自适应辨识的速度环PI参数自整定

针对永磁同步电机伺服系统速度环比例积分（PI）参数整定过程中需要反复调节、效率低等问题,提出了一种基于闭环自适应卡尔曼滤波（AKF）系统辨识的伺服系统速度环PI参数自整定方法。首先根据输入信号激励速度闭环系统,分析不同频率激励作用下闭环辨识序列的信噪比与实际输出,然后引入AKF算法辨识闭环被控对象的离散模型,最后通过遗传算法仿真搜索最优速度环PI参数。仿真与实验结果表明：该算法能有效抑制量测噪声等扰动对系统辨识精度的影响,辨识结果能够反映实际系统的动态输入输出特性,优化后的速度环具有优良的响应性能和较高的精度,便于实际工业应用。     

基于RNN的神经网络辨识液气联合工作液压作动器模型

建立了一种回归神经网络辨识非线性液压作动器系统数学模型的辨识方法,研究了基于回归神经网络内部状态反馈的辨识算法,利用辩识实验获得的过程输入／输出数据动态调整神经网络权值。仿真结果辨明：回归神经网络描述的液压作动器系统数学模型具有较高精度,算法全局逼近能力良好。     

Recursive parameter estimation for Hammerstein-Wiener systems using modified EKF algorithm

This paper focuses on the recursive parameter estimation for the single input single output Hammerstein-Wiener system model, and the study is then extended to a rarely mentioned multiple input single output Hammerstein-Wiener system. Inspired by the extended Kalman filter algorithm, two basic recursive algorithms are derived from the first and the second order Taylor approximation. Based on the form of the first order approximation algorithm, a modified algorithm with larger parameter convergence domain is proposed to cope with the problem of small parameter convergence domain of the first order one and the application limit of the second order one. The validity of the modification on the expansion of convergence domain is shown from the convergence analysis and is demonstrated with two simulation cases.     

一种基于模糊神经网络的辩识方法

本文给出了一种五层的模糊神经网络。这种神经网络的特点是训练数据可以从网络的输入和输出两端馈入。网络的学习过程分为参数辨识和结构辨识两个阶段,这样可以减少网络参数调整过程中的相互影响,加快学习过程,仿真结果表明了该学习算法可以获得比其他学习算法更好的辨识效果。     

基于Hammerstein模型的GMAW-P焊接熔深自适应预测控制

针对脉冲熔化极气体保护焊(Pulsed gas metal arc welding,GMAW-P)过程中焊接熔深的实时控制,使用脉冲峰值期间的电压变化幅值(ΔU)来表征焊接熔深变化,并且通过测量和控制ΔU的大小来间接达到熔深控制的目的。建立了以ΔU为输出和脉冲基值电流为输入的单输入单输出熔深控制系统。系统输入输出之间的静态关系模型显示该熔深控制系统具有一定非线性,因此,采用加入干扰的Hammerstein模型描述该非线性系统。在基于该Hammerstein模型的经典预测控制算法基础上,在控制过程中加入递推最小二乘法在线辨识模型参数,从而实现焊接熔深自适应控制。控制算法仿真和实时焊接试验表明该熔深控制算法能够较好地实现GMAW-P焊接过程中的熔深控制。变散热试验结果验证了该控制算法的有效性和适应性。     

基于指数窗截取递推最小二乘法的齿轮啮合刚度辨识算法研究

齿轮在机械传动系统中有着广泛应用,由于齿轮啮合过程中参与啮合的轮齿对数周期变化,因此,齿轮啮合刚度为时变参数,在啮合时会产生啮合振动。当齿轮副出现齿根裂纹时,啮合刚度会减小,齿轮啮合产生的系统振动响应也发生改变,通过振动响应辨识齿轮啮合刚度能够监测齿轮副的健康状态。针对齿轮啮合刚度的时变特征,提出了基于指数窗截取递推最小二乘(Exponential window recursive least square,EWRLS)算法和振动信号瞬时频率的齿轮啮合刚度辨识方法。进行啮合刚度辨识时,EWRLS算法将输入、输出齿轮的转速曲线分别作为辨识输入信号和观测信号,使用指数窗函数进行数据截断,使用递推最小二乘算法估计系统参数。为了计算输入、输出齿轮的转速曲线,使用经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)方法将振动信号分解为具有不同变化频率的本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF),并根据IMF的平均频率重构输入、输出齿轮的特征信号。通过Hilbert变换计算特征信号的瞬时频率曲线,从而获得各齿轮的转速曲线。使用仿真和实测信号对算法进行验证,结果表明,EWRLS算法能够辨识齿轮副的时变啮合刚度。     

Adaptive Control of Multivariable Process Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Abstract

Industrial processes are naturally multivariable in nature, which also exhibit non-linear behavior and complex dynamic properties. The multivariable four-tank system has attracted recent attention, as it illustrates many concepts in multivariable control, particularly interaction, transmission zero, and non-minimum phase characteristics that emerge from a simple cascade of tanks. So, the multivariable laboratory process of four interconnected water tanks is considered for modeling and control. For processes which show nonlinear and multivariable characteristics, classical control strategies like PIDs have performance limitations. Hence, intelligent approaches like Neural Networks (NN) is an important term in this juncture. The use of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is apt for modeling and control of nonlinear dynamic processes as it contains the past information about the process. The objective of the current study is to design and implement an adaptive control system using RNN for a nonlinear multivariable process.

The proposed adaptive design comprises an estimator based on RNN, which adapts online and predicts one step ahead output. A Recursive Least Square (RLS) based back propagation algorithm is used for training the network. The controller used is also a RNN, which minimizes the difference between the predicted output and reference trajectory. The objective function is minimized using a steepest descent algorithm which gives the optimum control input. Desired performance of the system is ensured by the parallel operation of both. The proposed control strategy is implemented in a laboratory scale four tank system. The trajectory tracking and disturbance rejection response obtained are compared with the response obtained by using a well designed decoupled, decentralized IMC controller.     

Integration of artificial neural network and simulated annealing algorithm to optimize deep drawing process

Deep drawing is characterized by very complicated deformation affected by the process parameter values including die geometry, blank holder force, material properties, and frictional conditions. The aim of this study is to model and optimize the deep drawing process for stainless steel 304 (SUS304). To achieve the purpose, die radius, punch radius, blank holder force, and frictional conditions are designated as input parameters. Thinning, as one of the major failure modes in deep drawn parts, is considered as the process output parameter. Based on the results of finite element (FE) analysis, an artificial neural network (ANN) has been developed, as a predictor, to relate important process parameters to process output characteristics. The proposed feed forward back propagation ANN is trained and tested with pairs of input/output data obtained from FE analysis. To verify the FE model, the results obtained from the FE model were compared with those of several experimental tests. Afterward, the ANN is integrated into a simulated annealing algorithm to optimize the process parameters. Optimization results indicate that by selecting the proper process parameter settings, uniform wall thickness with minimum thinning can be achieved.     

Input/output linearization using time delay control and time delay observer

In this paper, input/output linearization (IOL) method using time delay control (TDC) and time delay observer (TOO) is presented. This method enables the IOL method to be applied to plants even when all the states of plant are not measurable or the measured plant output is very noisy. The designed control system requires neither an accurate plant model nor the real time computation of plant nonlinearity. Consequently, the proposed control algorithm turned out to be computationally efficient and easy to design for nonlinear plants. In a simulation for a second order nonlinear plant, the output followed desired response well and the control performance appeared to be superior to IOL using TDC and numerical differentiation. Finally, in an experiment with a pneumatic servo system, we obtained results consistent with those from the simulation, and it was confirmed that the proposed control algorithm can be effectively used in a real closed-loop system.     

考虑声源非线性影响下材料非线性系数测量研究

采用有限幅值法测量材料非线性系数,提出减少声源非线性影响以提高检测结果精度的方法。利用多元高斯声束模型,将准线性条件下探头产生的基波、二次谐波及声源非线性声场表示为纯平面波解、衰减修正项和衍射修正项组合的形式;通过设备输出的监测信号分析声源非线性值的大小;进一步修正了采用平面波理论计算非线性系数计算公式,得到消除声场衍射、声能衰减及声源非线性波影响下更加准确的计算方法。对6061铝试块进行非线性系数的测量试验,结果显示在消除声源非线性影响下,不同检测电压下的测量结果间误差在10%以内,相比于未考虑声源非线性时的结果,其精度得到了极大的提高。研究将为减少声源非线性影响以提高材料非线性系数的测量精度提供理论帮助。     

弹性体非线性振动系统参数辨识的一种时域法

提出了对弹性体非线性振动系统参数辨识与预测的一种时域模型法。它可视为时间序列分析中的 AR模型法在非线性领域内的一种推广。该方法首先将非线性振动系统中的非线性恢复力和非线性阻尼力用某一函数级数(例如幂级数 )表示 ,然后 ,先用线性模型来逼近原系统 ,应用线性系统辨识方法确定系统阶次 ,再确定系统中非线性恢复力、阻尼力的结构 ,建立非线性模型并辨识各项参数 ,最后进行预测。算例表明 ,用该方法建立的模型能够较好地反映系统的非线性特性 ,并能提高模型预测的准确性。     

Temporally local recurrent radial basis function network for modeling and adaptive control of nonlinear systems

In this paper, a novel temporally local recurrent radial basis function network for modeling and adaptive control of nonlinear systems is proposed. The proposed structure consists of recurrent hidden neurons having weighted self-feedback loops and a weighted linear feed-through from the input layer directly to the output layer neuron(s). The dynamic back-propagation algorithm is developed and used for updating the parameters of the proposed structure. To improve the performance of learning algorithm, discrete Lyapunov stability method is used to develop an adaptive learning rate scheme. This scheme ensures the faster convergence of the parameters and maintains the stability of the system. A total of 5 complex nonlinear systems are used to test and compare the performance of the proposed network with other neural network structures. The disturbance rejection tests are also carried out to check whether the proposed scheme is able to handle the external disturbance/noise signals effects or not. The obtained results show the efficacy of the proposed method.     

转子系统强迫振动自校正控制

给出了用于转子系统强迫振动主动控制的自适应控制方案,它主要由可控径向轴承和自校正控制器两部分组成。可控轴承为系统的执行元件,自校正算法则由多步递推预报器和控制器组成,通过在线测量转子系统输入输出值,调整油腔压力而使强迫振动振幅减小。仿真计算表明自适应控制适用于转子系统强迫振动控制,转子不平衡引起的振动幅值可有效地减小。     

基于最小二乘模型的Bayes参数辨识方法

现实中的系统都具有一定的非线性,并且这种非线性在非线性通道补偿和非线性系统故障诊断等领域是不可忽略的。针对有白噪声干扰的输出误差非线性系统,将数学模型与基于最小二乘的Bayes算法相结合,用数学模型参数代替辨识模型信息向量中的未知项,用基于白噪声的最小二乘模型进行不可预测辨识,从而提出了基于最小二乘模型的Bayes参数辨识方法。介绍了Bayes基本原理及2种常用的方法,经过理论分析和MATLAB仿真研究证明,该方法原理简单、计算量小、速度快、抗干扰能力强,可以对较高精度非线性系统进行参数估计和在线辨识。     

机器人臂的多项式PD型学习控制方法

提出一种用于机器人臂的带有重力补偿的多项式PD型(PPD)学习控制器,基于多项式神经网络给出了这种控制器的比例系数连续学习算法,由非线性机器人动力学模型与所提出的学习控制器所组成的闭环系统被证明在满足李雅普诺夫直接法和拉萨尔不变集定理时是全局渐近稳定的,除了理论结果,也提供了在两自由度机器人臂位置控制中的仿真实验比较,结果表明PPD学习控制器在系统快速响应性方面优于常规PD控制器。PPD学习控制器为机器人控制系统提供了一种新的途径。