汽轮机高压缸结垢分析

对比了310MW亚临界直接空冷机组,600MW超临界湿冷机组和660MW超临界间接空冷机组汽轮机高压缸的结垢现象,分析了垢样的成分和结垢原因,并提出了相应的预防措施和建议。     

国产B25／90-10汽轮机通流部分结垢的运行监督及处理

阐述了汽轮机通流部分结垢的原因、危害及运行监督的一般方法并介绍了该厂B25／90-10汽轮机组在运行实践中的经验及教训，以供同型机组在生产运行中参考。     

现代汽轮机材料及其制造工艺发展与展望

现代火力发电机组多采用超临界或超超临界机组,其发展的关键问题就是如何研制出满足恶劣工况条件下的重要部件材料,如高、低压转子、气缸和动叶片的材料。这些材料的力学性能、热力学性能等均对机组整体的正常运行产生重要影响。介绍了现代汽轮机材料的最新发展动态,综述了机组部件材料的特点,概述了汽轮机的发展趋势。     

利用超声波检测汽轮机轴瓦的技术探讨

对汽轮机轴承结构进行分析，研究了汽轮机轴承质量监督的技术和措施，以便及时发现和消除汽轮机轴承质量隐患，解决其运行中的轴承问题，保证机组运行轴系的稳定性，为汽轮机轴承质量监督检验提供借鉴。     

自容式油动机在凸轮配气机组DEH电调改造上的应用

某热电厂有两台机组,1号机组为CC50机组、2号机组为CB25机组,是南京汽轮机厂生产的汽轮机。使用自容式油动机专利技术对原凸轮配气机构进行了改造,使之具有单阀、顺序阀、电子凸轮、孤网运行等所有DEH功能。打破了只有高压抗燃油系统才能改造凸轮配气机构机组的局面,机组的各项性能指标全部一次性合格,运行效果非常好,达成预期的改造目的。     

火电厂的腐蚀故障

火电厂的腐蚀故障有：运行和停用中的氧腐蚀引起的省煤器管穿孔泄漏;由于酸、碱和氧作用造成水冷壁管腐蚀穿孔或脆爆;由于高温氧化引起的过热器管内外壁腐蚀和蠕胀破裂;水冷壁管结垢引发的腐蚀与超温变形;凝汽器管内外壁的各种类型腐蚀;汽轮机叶片的断裂及蒸汽初凝区的腐蚀;水冷机组空心导线腐蚀污塞及超温;发电机绕组结露引发的绝缘损坏和护环开裂。     

汽轮机高温螺栓的选材及失效形式

螺栓是汽轮机的重要紧固件,用于连接汽缸、主汽门和调速气门等零件,保证发电机组在运行过程中不发生蒸汽泄漏,确保汽轮机机组安全经济地运行。高温下使用的螺栓应具有较高的抗松弛稳定性和屈服强度,较高的持久塑性和韧性,良好的抗高温氧化、热加工和机械加工性能,以及良好的组织稳定性和较小的热脆倾向。要使高温下使用的汽轮机螺栓具有良好的性能,最重要的是正确选用材料和了解其失效模式。介绍了国内主要的汽轮机高温螺栓用材料的化学成分及其特性;阐述了高温螺栓的螺纹咬死、脆化、蠕变和疲劳断裂、组织异常等主要失效形式以及某些实例。     

汽轮机转子调节级叶轮R过渡区弹性槽的检测方法和寿命预测

采用多种有效手段对汽轮机转子叶轮R过渡区和弹性槽实施检测,可以为转子安全运行及寿命预测提供可靠数据。总结了一套较为成熟的检测方法,该方法可以有效地检测出汽轮机转子存在的裂纹缺陷,提高机组运行的安全性和经济性,并且在火电厂检修中得到应用和满意结果,提高了检测可靠性。     

汽轮机叶片裂纹的焊补

前言富拉尔基热电厂的二号汽轮机是ВПТ—25—3型机组,额定出力25000瓩;主蒸汽压力90绝对大气压,主蒸汽温度500℃,转数3000转/分,排气压力0.05绝对大气压。二号汽轮机从1955年11月份投入运行,共运行17万小时,在1970年对该机组进行了提高出力改造,改造后经常发33000～35000瓩。     

汽轮机低压转子叶片断裂原因分析

通过现场调查、断口分析和理化检验,以及机组运行期间所检出叶片裂纹分布情况的研究,对某电厂汽轮机低压转子末级叶片的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,末级叶片硬质合金存在原始镶焊质量不良区域,在机组长期运行后形成了疲劳裂纹,最终导致叶片断裂。     

Stress corrosion cracking of a low alloy steel in high purity steam

The catastrophic failure of a steam turbine at Hinkley Point “A” Nuclear Power Station resulted from stress corrosion cracking of the discs on the low pressure (L.P.) turbine rotor. This paper describes investigations carried out within the South Western Region of the C.E.G.B. to determine the mechanism and the environment responsible for cracking.The results show that stress corrosion cracks can be initiated and propagated during normal turbine operation and furthermore they suggest that cracking is due to the action of wet, high purity steam on stressed metal. The chemical quality of the steam was found to be very high, the impurities were well within the normal range associated with power plant operation.The results are in agreement with the recent findings of more widespread cracking at Hinkley Point and elsewhere. It is considered that as the steam is inherently aggressive then the measures currently being taken by C.E.G.B., i.e. the removal of the highly stressed keyways, limiting steam access to regions of high stress and the use of improved alloys, should prevent further failures of this type.     

某汽轮机低压缸腐蚀分析

对某汽轮机低压缸的腐蚀一磨蚀案例进行了研究.该火电机组投运近20年,从未对补给水处理系统的离子交换树脂进行过报废处理.老化的树脂产生大量有机溶出物,随补给水进入热力系统,受热分解为乙酸根、硫酸根等腐蚀性离子.这些腐蚀性离子在初凝水中富集使其呈酸性,与湿蒸汽共同冲刷腐蚀低压缸内壁,导致严重腐蚀.采用离子色谱仪监测水汽中腐...     

汽轮机末级叶片表面防水蚀处理工艺及发展

针对国内桌汽轮机厂生产的135MW机组汽轮机频频在投运后第1次检修时,即发现低压转子末级叶片进汽边侧存在多条裂纹的情况,介绍了汽轮机末级叶片的防水蚀表面处理工艺的种类及发展,总结了末级叶片的表面防护措施可分为局部加覆盖层和表面淬硬两大类.对各种处理工艺的特点、可靠性、防护层的性能要求、质量检查及测试方法进行了探讨,并根据今后大容量机组的特点,提出了叶片表面防护工艺的发展方向.     

DCS系统在预焙阳极余热发电过程中的应用

本文简述了预焙阳极余热发电的工艺流程,及工艺对系统控制的要求,并用DCS系统实现对预焙阳极余热锅炉、软水站、汽轮机、发电机等的重要参数进行检测,对锅炉汽包、主蒸汽、凝结水等实施有效控制,用联锁控制确保系统正常安全运行的方法。     

金属磁记忆检测技术在监督在役火力发电机组中的应用

金属磁记忆检测技术能检测金属件的应力分布状态,据此来判断被测件是否能被继续使用。采用该技术对在役火力发电机组中的高温联箱管座角焊缝、穿顶棚密封焊缝和汽轮机叶片等构件实施了检测,达到了预期的检测效果。     

上海发电设备焊接技术进展(一)

简要阐述了上海近年来在火电设备焊接中的技术进展.以上海锅炉厂和上海汽轮机厂为例,详细介绍了它们在生产制造大容量电站锅炉和汽轮机（转子、隔板、汽缸等）时所采用的新的焊接方法和焊接技术,并简要说明了电站辅机（高压加热器、管子）的焊接工艺.     

TG–mass spectrometry studies in coating design for supercritical steam turbines

Ferritic steels in steam turbines for the power industry operate without coatings in the temperature range of 590–600 °C. For higher operation temperatures the substrate has to be replaced or coated, otherwise the ferritic substrate at a temperature of 650 °C develops thick oxide scales that promote sudden turbine blade failure. The advantage of the use of coatings is that coated ferritic steels are much less expensive than austenitic stainless steels or nickel base superalloys. In order to go forward to coatings design, the Thermo‐Calc code was used as a base for the mass spectrometry (MS)‐data. Thermogravimetry (TG)–MS experiments were conducted in a closed steam loop in order to obtain information about the oxyhydroxides formation as reaction between coatings and steam. From those results the role of the different coating element could be established and optimized for the coating durability. An oxidation mechanism based on the TG–MS results is given.     

Materials for ultrasupercritical coal power plants—Turbine materials: Part II

The efficiency of conventional boiler/steam turbine fossil power plants is a strong function of the steam temperature and pressure. Research to increase both has been pursued worldwide, since the energy crisis in the 1970s. The need to reduce CO₂ emission has recently provided an additional incentive to increase efficiency. Thus, steam temperatures of the most efficient fossil power plants are now in the 600 °C (1112 °F) range, which represents an increase of about 60 °C (108 °F) in 30 years. It is expected that steam temperatures will rise another 50 to 100 °C (90 to 180 °F) in the next 30 years. The main enabling technology is the development of stronger high-temperature materials, capable of operating under high stresses at ever-increasing temperatures. Recently, the EPRI performed a state-of-the-art review of materials technology for advanced boiler/steam turbine power plants (ultrasupercritical power plants). Results of this review pertaining to boilers are reported in a companion paper in this volume. This paper describes the results relating to steam turbines.     

基于关联规则的汽轮机叶片振动研究

研究了汽轮机叶片振动测试的数据采集方法,采用光栅光纤及电阻应变片分别测量手段进行叶片振动实验。模拟汽轮机运行状态进行了转子运行实验,提出了实验方案,通过实验测试采集了振动信号数据集。应用Apriori算法对数据集进行分析,使用WEKA平台进行数据处理,定位了转子在这一状态下的易损部位,并发现了与叶片振动相关的关联规则。研究表明,应用Apriori算法可有效发现汽轮机叶片振动问题,将其应用于更多工况下汽轮机运行振动优化具有一定指导作用。     

Using phased array ultrasonic technique for the inspection of straddle mount-type low-pressure turbine disc

Discovery of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the blade attachment region of nuclear power plant low-pressure steam turbine discs leads to industry concern about this problem. Reliable inspection methods for the detection of SCC in steam turbine blade attachment area are essential to the rotor run/repair/retire decision making process. The conventional broad beam ultrasonic inspection technique usually has inadequate resolution for flaw sizing and tendency for false calls. But the phased array technique by improved detection capability and resolution could increase coverage of the examination areas with less scanning required. Using phased array ultrasonic technique to straddle mount-type low-pressure turbine disc in nuclear power plant located in Korea was studied in this paper.