海洋大气环境下玻璃鳞片/环氧复合涂层制备及其耐蚀性评价

针对海洋大气环境下普通碳钢用复合环氧防护涂层进行制备与耐蚀性研究。通过硅烷偶联剂对玻璃鳞片改性,将改性后的玻璃鳞片加入到环氧树脂中制备玻璃鳞片/环氧涂层。通过傅里叶红外光谱仪分析玻璃鳞片结构,利用电化学阻抗谱对比研究涂层耐蚀性,并通过中性盐雾实验评判海洋环境下涂层保护性能。实验结果表明,利用增加羟基配对位的方法可成功对玻璃鳞片表面改性,且玻璃鳞片对溶液中腐蚀性介质有良好的屏蔽作用,显著提高了环氧涂层的耐腐蚀性能。30%(质量分数)玻璃鳞片改性环氧涂层浸泡648 h后阻抗模值|Z|在10~(7.6)Ω·cm~2以上,远高于普通环氧涂层阻抗。计算得到30%玻璃鳞片改性涂层中水分子的扩散系数D为2.07×10~(-11)cm~2/s,远小于普通环氧涂层的扩散系数1.9×10~(-9)cm~2/s。     

改性环氧防腐涂层在模拟深海高压环境的失效行为

采用海水压力罐模拟深海高压环境,利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、三维视频显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段,对比研究了改性环氧防腐涂层在常压海水环境和模拟深海高压环境(6 MPa海水压力)下的失效行为。结果表明,试样在深海高压环境下浸泡30 d后,涂层阻抗已降低到105Ω·cm~2;而常压环境下,涂层阻抗仅降低到108Ω·cm~2,深海高压环境促使涂层更快地吸水达到饱和状态,高压环境导致涂层下的金属腐蚀活性面积不断增大,基体金属腐蚀速率不断增加。SEM观察表明,高压导致环氧防腐涂层中的颜填料发生脱附,使涂层/金属基体界面弱化,腐蚀活性表面积增大,从而导致涂层破损和基体腐蚀。     

氟化石墨烯对环氧树脂涂层耐蚀性能的影响

目的探究氟化石墨烯(FG)添加对环氧树脂(EP)涂层耐蚀性能的影响。方法通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、AFM、粒径分布对FG的微观组织结构进行表征,利用沉降实验研究FG在EP中的分散稳定性,结合涂层断面形貌研究FG在涂层中的分布情况。采用电化学阻抗谱研究EP涂层和FG改性EP涂层(FG/EP涂层)在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果 FG尺寸约为1μm,厚度为5 nm,呈典型的片层状结构。FG在EP中具有较好的分散稳定性,FG添加使EP涂层的接触角由95.3°提高至110.9°,提高了涂层的疏水性,降低了腐蚀介质与涂层表面的接触面积。在浸泡初期,EP涂层和FG/EP涂层的低频阻抗模值(|Z|0.01 Hz)均在1011Ω·cm2左右。随浸泡时间的延长,EP涂层的|Z|0.01 Hz快速下降至109Ω·cm2,而FG/EP涂层在3000 h浸泡过程中始终维持在1011Ω·cm2以上。涂层电阻(Rc)也表现出相似的变化规律。FG添加提高了EP涂层的屏蔽性能,改善了涂层的长期防护性能。结论 FG添加至EP中,可在涂层内部形成"迷宫效应",提高涂层的屏蔽性能,增加腐蚀介质的扩散路径,延缓腐蚀介质的渗透过程,显著改善涂层对基体的长期防护作用。     

聚多巴胺修饰六方氮化硼及其环氧复合涂层的腐蚀行为

为了提高六方氮化硼在溶剂和有机涂层中的分散并探究其对环氧涂层耐蚀性能的影响,采用聚多巴胺(PDA)修饰六方氮化硼改善其在溶剂和环氧涂层中分散性的方法,通过SEM、TEM、XPS、Raman、TG表征了改性六方氮化硼的形貌、化学组成和热稳定性;除此之外,采用电化学方法研究了改性六方氮化硼掺入环氧复合涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:与环氧涂层相比,h-BN@PDA/环氧复合涂层在长效腐蚀测试过程中表现出更正的腐蚀电位(-0.1 V)、高的阻抗模值和涂层阻抗值(~10~(10)Ω·cm~2)、低的特征频率值(~0.1 Hz);且金属基底表面无明显腐蚀,显示优异的抗腐蚀性能。这主要是因为纳米层状六方氮化硼的添加可以降低涂层的孔隙率并且能够延缓腐蚀介质的渗入,进而提高了其耐腐蚀性能。     

氮化硅掺杂环氧树脂复合涂层的制备及耐腐蚀性能研究

目的将氮化硅作为填料加入环氧树脂,提高碳钢Q235有机涂层的耐腐蚀性能。方法利用球磨法将氮化硅填料均匀分散在环氧树脂中,探究了不同氮化硅含量涂层对Q235碳钢基体的保护,利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、吸水率实验、附着力实验及盐雾实验表征不同氮化硅含量涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果添加氮化硅后,涂层的低频阻抗模值及干湿态附着力均有不同程度提高。同时,氮化硅的加入降低了涂层的吸水率,增加了涂层的耐盐雾时间。浸泡初期(0.5 h),环氧树脂涂层(不含氮化硅)的低频阻抗模值为7.7×10~8?·cm~2,添加氮化硅的涂层的低频阻抗模值均增加了两个数量级,氮化硅含量为5%涂层的低频阻抗模值最大,为8.6×10~(10)?·cm~2。随着浸泡时间的增加,不同氮化硅含量的涂层低频阻抗模值均有不同程度的降低。其中,氮化硅含量(占环氧树脂质量的百分比,后文同)为5%的涂层的低频阻抗模值降低程度最小。浸泡2400 h之后,氮化硅含量为5%的涂层的低频阻抗模值最高,仍然能够达到3.3×10~8?·cm~2。结论氮化硅填料的加入提高了涂层的耐腐蚀性能,一定程度上可以保护金属基体免受腐蚀破坏。并且,当氮化硅含量为5%时,涂层的耐腐蚀性能最好。     

碳纳米管复合水性丙烯酸涂层的腐蚀性能研究

目的制备碳纳米管复合水性丙烯酸涂层,探索分析碳纳米管含量对涂层力学和防腐性能的影响规律。方法采用高速球磨方式制备3%,1%,0.5%三种含量(以质量分数计)的碳纳米管复合涂层,对涂层附着力、耐冲击性、耐弯曲性等力学性能进行测试,以电化学阻抗技术来评价碳纳米管复合涂层的防腐性能。结果添加碳纳米管显著提高了涂层的附着力,并且随着碳纳米管含量的增加,附着力上升;其他力学性能,如耐冲击性、耐弯曲性,在不同含量下均保持良好。对改性和未改性的涂层进行了电化学阻抗测试,其中1%的碳纳米管涂层电化学性能最优,在浸泡36 h后,未改性涂层低频区阻抗模值|Z|0.01为2.5×103Ω·cm2,0.5%的碳纳米管涂层为1.1×106Ω·cm2,1%的为1.4×108Ω·cm2,3%的为7×102Ω·cm2。结论由于碳纳米管本身的纳米效应,在较低含量时即可提高涂层的性能,并存在最优含量,超过此含量后性能有所下降。     

纳米容器改性环氧涂层对Q235碳钢的防腐蚀性能

以纳米SiO_2为载体,采用层层自组装技术在其表面交替沉积天然聚电解质壳聚糖和环保型缓蚀剂聚天冬氨酸,制备出纳米容器,将纳米容器分散到环氧涂层中获得改性环氧涂层。通过Zeta电位、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Fourier转换红外线光谱仪(FT-IR)对纳米容器进行了表征,利用电化学阻抗技术对比研究了普通环氧涂层与改性环氧涂层/Q235碳钢体系在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,纳米容器可以有效减缓海水在环氧涂层内部的扩散,提高环氧涂层的电阻,从而增大腐蚀反应阻力;改性后涂层的电化学阻抗在浸泡120 h后仍维持在105Ω·cm2以上,耐蚀性显著增强。     

复合填料对提高环氧涂层耐腐蚀性能研究

通过向环氧涂层中添加适量的氧化石墨烯-氟代聚苯胺(GO-PFAN)复合填料，有效提高了环氧涂层在N80钢的耐腐蚀性能，同时考察了复合填料加量对环氧涂层防腐性能的影响。实验结果表明，氧化石墨烯-氟代聚苯胺/环氧复合涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡60天后仍具有较高的阻抗值，其中复合填料添加量为2 wt%的环氧涂层的阻抗值最高，为5.67×10¹⁰Ω·cm²，说明添加了复合填料的环氧涂层具有优异的防腐性能。     

环氧煤沥青涂层在原油积水中的寿命研究

采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)并结合宏观形貌观察,研究了在高温(80℃)和常温原油积水中,不同厚度的环氧煤沥青涂层的寿命规律.结果表明,提高浸泡温度与延长浸泡时间对涂层有相同的破坏效果,10 mHz频率处104Ω·cm2的总阻抗值是判定环氧煤沥青涂层在原油积水介质中寿命的量值.     

石墨烯添加方法对环氧涂料防腐蚀性能的影响

利用正交试验筛选出最优基础涂料(EP)配方,通过在基础涂料中添加分散剂和石墨烯(GE-EP)、偶联剂改性石墨烯(GK-EP)、或改性石墨烯以及分散剂(GDK-EP),制备了三种石墨烯/环氧复合涂料。测试了纯环氧涂层(EP)和三种石墨烯/环氧复合涂层的基础物理性能、耐盐雾性能和电化学性能,考察了石墨烯加入量和加入方式对环氧涂层防腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:当在环氧涂层中添加分散剂,且偶联剂改性石墨烯质量分数为1.5%时,涂层的综合性能最好。此时,涂层的抗冲击性达到50cm·kg,附着力为2级,硬度高于6 H,并且耐盐雾时间高达1 500h,腐蚀电流密度低至2.039×10~(-8) A/cm~2。含1.5%石墨烯的GDK-EP涂层的各项性能都远高于EP涂层的。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。