碳钢表面导电PEDOT涂层的电化学制备及防腐性能

目的 在Q235钢基底上电沉积致密导电聚合物PEDOT涂层,利用PEDOT的良好导电性,避免电荷集中,提高Q235钢的防腐性能。方法 在十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和高氯酸锂（LiClO4）溶液中,通过电化学恒电流方法在Q235碳钢基底上电聚合EDOT。采用循环极化、开路电位监测（OCP）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）及扫描振动电极（SVET）等手段,研究导电PEDOT涂层与碳钢基底的电化学交互作用及其对基底腐蚀行为的影响规律。结果 在电流密度为5 mA/cm2的条件下,沉积的PEDOT涂层最完整、致密,具有球状团聚表面形貌。PEDOT/Q235电极在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡40 h后电偶电流密度为-15 μA/cm2,电偶电压为-715 mV。多次循环极化曲线基本重合,体现出良好的电化学稳定性。开路电位和EIS结果表明,PEDOT涂层4 d后钝化了基底,对基底产生保护。SVET结果证明,PEDOT涂层能够形成电子离域,避免电荷集中,涂层划痕区的电流密度从628 μA/cm2降低到23.8 μA/cm2。结论 PEDOT涂层可以减轻Q235基底在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀,其减缓腐蚀的能力归因于其结构致密、钝化基底及减少表面电荷集中。     

阴极保护电位对稠油输送管道氢脆敏感性影响的研究

采用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)实验,结合断口形貌分析,研究了在稠油输送模拟工况下不同阴极保护电位对Q235钢和L450钢氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明,Q235钢的氢脆敏感性高于L450钢的。随着阴极保护电位负移,Q235钢和L450钢断口形貌逐渐由韧窝型韧性断裂向解理断裂转变,断面收缩率和断面收缩率损失系数增大,氢脆敏感性逐渐增加。在此工况条件下,Q235钢的最大保护电位应正于-1200 m V,L450钢最大保护电位应正于-1400 m V。     

含硫酸盐还原菌土壤中阴极保护对Q235钢腐蚀的影响

利用交流阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜及表面能谱、微生物分析等方法，研究了阴极保护对土壤中Q235钢硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀的影响.30天的实验结果表明，在相同的阴极极化电位下，有菌土壤中Q235钢所需要的阴极极化电流密度均大于灭菌土壤，有菌土壤中Q235钢的平均腐蚀速率均大于灭菌土壤.随着阴极极化电位负移的增大，有菌及灭菌土壤中Q235钢试件周围土壤逐渐呈碱性，有菌土壤中Q235钢试件周围土壤中硫酸盐还原菌数量逐渐减少，当阴极极化电位为-1050 mV时，Q235钢试件周围土壤中硫酸盐还原菌仍能够存活.     

交流干扰影响下的最小阴极保护电位

通过模拟试验装置,采用恒电位和恒电流极化试验研究了交流干扰影响下埋地管道阴极保护系统的破坏机理,探究新的确定阴极保护电位的方法。结果表明,可以根据保护电流密度曲线的趋势制定新的阴极保护准则。根据试验结果确定了0～100A·m-2干扰电流密度范围内的最小阴极保护电位限值公式。     

NaCl对Q235钢早期腐蚀行为的影响

在实验室模拟了NaCl对Q235钢早期腐蚀的影响,研究了NaCl含量和浸泡时间对Q235钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:试验条件下,当NaCl质量分数为3.5%时,Q235钢腐蚀倾向最大,电极表面的反应电阻最小,腐蚀速率最快;Q235钢的腐蚀电流密度和表面反应电阻随浸泡时间变化而出现波动,浸泡24 h后,腐蚀体系的自腐蚀电位最负,自腐蚀电流密度最大,腐蚀速率最快;电极表面的腐蚀产物对基体具有一定的保护作用,然而腐蚀产物较疏松,在电极表面的附着力小,很容易脱落而使腐蚀反应加快。     

温度对Q235钢在大港模拟溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

主要利用极化曲线、线性极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学方法研究了Q235钢在不同温度下的大港模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为。试验表明:在20~50℃的范围内,其腐蚀电位比较接近阳极反应的平衡电位,其腐蚀过程受阴极反应氧的传输过程控制,随温度升高,Q235钢的腐蚀电位逐渐降低,腐蚀电流密度逐渐增大,线性极化电阻Rp以及电荷转移电阻Rt逐渐减小,在较高温下主要是通过促进阴极反应的传质过程增加了Q235钢的腐蚀速度。     

海水中带锈Q235钢腐蚀电化学参数测定

利用失重法和电化学方法对在海水中浸泡不同时间的Q235钢电极的腐蚀行为和腐蚀速率规律进行了研究。结果表明,对于长期浸泡的Q235钢电极,失重法和电化学方法得到的腐蚀速率结果存在很大差异。利用XRD测定了长期浸泡后锈层成分的变化,发现长期浸泡Q235钢电极锈层中的电化学活性成分β-FeOOH在测试过程中发生还原反应,导致利用电化学方法测得的Q235钢腐蚀速率大于失重法的结果,并且随浸泡时间的延长,这一偏差增大。对长期浸泡Q235钢电极进行电流密度为-25 μA/cm²阴极恒电流预极化处理后发现,随着浸泡时间的延长极化时间也延长,同时,经过预处理之后的Q235钢电极电化学方法测得的腐蚀速率与失重法的结果具有一致的变化规律,表明施加合适的阴极极化预处理能够减小电化学方法与失重法测试结果的偏差。     

Q235钢在不同油田污水中阴极保护所需电流密度

采用极化曲线法测试了Q235钢在7种油田污水中不同温度下的电化学行为。结果表明,同一水样温度升高,阴极极化电流密度增大;不同水样同样温度阳极极化电流密度差别较大,进而根据-100 mV阴极保护判据,得到了Q235钢在7种油田污水中得到有效阴极保护所需的电流密度值,以期为阴极保护设计提供参考。     

在Q235钢表面原位生长的氧化铁膜对其在含Cl^-溶液中腐蚀行为的影响I-原位生长的γ—FeOOH膜的防护性能

利用动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱等电化学测量技术,研究了Q235钢表面原位生长的γ-FeOOH膜在0．25mol／LNa2S04＋10^-4mol／LNaCI、0．25mol／LNa2SO4＋10^-3mol／LNaCl、0．25mol／LNa2SO4＋10^-2mol／LNaCl水溶液中的电化学行为及在不同浓度的Cl^-水溶液中γ-FeOOH膜对Q235钢的保护作用．结果表明,Cl^-1含量较低时,γ-FeOOH膜的存在明显地促进了Q235钢的阴极反应,该膜对基材无保护作用;随Cl^-浓度的增加,阴极电流密度大幅减小,当Cl^-1浓度达到10^-2mol／L时,γ-FeOOH膜能在一定程度上抑制基材的腐蚀,此时γ-FeOOH膜表现出对对基材有保护作用．     

电流密度对碳钢微弧氧化层耐液态铅铋腐蚀性能的影响

目的提高碳钢耐液态Pb-Bi耐腐蚀性能。方法采用熔钎焊的方法,对6061铝合金和Q235钢进行搭接焊,焊后采用微弧氧化技术在焊接接头制备微弧氧化陶瓷层,将其放入350℃的高温液态Pb-Bi中进行300h静态腐蚀试验。结果选用钨极氩弧焊机,用ER4043焊丝作为钎料,通过调节焊接参数,在焊接电流为85 A、焊接速度为140 mm/min的参数下,铝层与Q235钢的结合强度达到182 MPa,金属间化合物厚度为7.3μm。在2 g/L KOH+4 g/L Na2Si O3·9H2O的电解液中进行微弧氧化试验,放电孔洞直径和数量随着电流密度的增大而增加。通过对比发现,在10A/dm2下生成的氧化膜层厚度适宜,同时致密性较好,陶瓷层由γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3组成。经过静态腐蚀后,Q235碳钢母材试样表面被明显腐蚀,而Q235钢微弧氧化后的试样则有较好的耐腐蚀性能,其中10 A/dm2电流密度参数下制得的氧化膜层耐蚀性能最优。结论微弧氧化陶瓷膜层可显著提高材料在高温液态Pb-Bi合金中的耐腐蚀性能,且膜层致密性和厚度会影响其对材料的保护作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.