我国辐射环境监测标准体系研究

标准体系是辐射环境监测工作的重要保障。通过对我国和美国辐射环境监测相关标准的调研,整理了我国辐射环境监测三级五类标准。结合我国当前辐射环境监测标准框架结构、突出问题和工作需求,构建辐射环境监测标准体系,提出加快分析方法类等标准制定、推进长标龄标准评估以及优化辐射环境监测标准管理机制等工作建议,从管理和技术方面为我国辐射环境监测工作的中长期发展提供参考。     

我国现行辐射环境监测标准体系的缺项分析

建立完善的辐射环境监测标准体系,是制订《＂十二五＂全国辐射环境监测体系建设工作方案》的主要任务之一。现行国内辐射环境监测相关标准满足了我国辐射环境监测工作的基本需求。根据国家相关管理性法规标准,参照国内外最新的辐射环境监测相关标准和方法,查找出28项标准缺项。这些标准经过制定完善后,将形成一个结构基本完整的辐射环境监测标准体系。     

辐射环境监测工作浅谈

结合山西省辐射环境监督站的实际工作经验,从辐射监测技术人员培训、辐射监测能力建设、辐射环境监测规范化管理和质量保证措施4个方面,探讨了如何做好辐射环境监测工作.     

熵权TOPSIS法在新疆辐射环境监测优化布点中的应用

本文介绍了理想解排序方法(Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)的原理,研究了熵权TOPSIS法,并将其运用于新疆辐射环境监测优化布点.应用SAS软件处理数据,通过数据分析证明了该方法用于辐射环境监测优化布点比较可行,为监测部门对同一地区进行环境跟踪监测提供了参考依据.本研究方法极大地便利了监测人员设定辐射环境监测点,减少了工作量,使用该模型综合评价辐射环境监测是一种简便有效的方法.     

全国辐射环境应急监测技术培训班举办

由国家环保部辐射环境监测技术中心主办，新疆环保局辐射环境监督站协办的全国辐射环境应急监测培训班于2008年7月6日～11日在新疆乌鲁木齐举行。     

欧洲的辐射环境监测

切尔诺贝利事故后,欧洲各国对辐射环境监测加强了重视,投入大量的人力和物力进行辐射环境监测基础设施建设,形成了较为完善的体系,为核能发展提供了强有力的保障.本文介绍欧洲特别是法国、德国和英国的辐射环境监测网络,为我国建设和完善辐射环境监测基础设施、辐射环境监测和应急监测一体化管理提供参考.     

我国辐射环境监测的回顾与展望

辐射环境监测是环境监测的重要组成部分，也是辐射环境管理工作的基础。本文较全面地回顾了近25年来我国辐射环境监测的进展和在辐射环境管理方面取得的成绩，最后概述了未来辐射环境监测和管理工作的发展思路。     

我国核电厂流出物监测和辐射环境监测标准体系研究

为了适应我国核电快速发展新形势下环境辐射安全监督管理要求,并更好地指导核电厂的流出物监测和辐射环境监测工作的开展,需要对现有监测标准体系进行梳理和分析,推动标准体系的完善。本文分析了目前我国核电厂流出物监测和辐射环境监测标准的技术要求,提出了我国现行标准体系需要补充和修订的标准清单及修订和完善的建议,为加强和完善我国核电厂流出物监测和辐射环境监测的监督管理提供参考借鉴。     

我国辐射环境监测网络质量管理现状及发展对策

"十五"期间,环境保护部组建了全国辐射环境监测网络,在网络运行过程中,加强监测数据的质量管理至关重要,从而要求各网络成员单位从监测方法、仪器设备、分析试剂、人员素质、数据处理及信息管理等方面做好质量保证工作,使监测结果具有较好的科学性、代表性和准确性。本文简单介绍了我国辐射环境监测网络的建设过程,在总结我国辐射环境监测网络质量管理现状的基础上,通过分析其中存在的问题,提出了我国环境监测质量管理体系改进的建议和对策。     

核设施辐射环境监测系统综述

本文主要介绍了核设施辐射环境监测系统的重要性,以及目前我国和世界范围内核设施辐射环境监测系统的现状及其进展情况。     

Vapor Species over Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-Cs2O Glass

Methods for suppression and control of the axisymmetric vertical positional instability are described on the basis of conceptural design studies with the International Tokamak Reactor (INTOR). The shell effect is well known to be useful for suppression of the fast instability. Here shell structures are presented and their usefulness is assessed. Included in the assessments are required modellings of the plasma current for determination of mutual inductances between the plasma and the inductive components around it. Three kinds of models are described and their features are compared to the shell effect. Two kinds of simplified reactor structures are described and studied by comparing them with some control characteristics of the slow instability by a pair of control coils. Their structures are selected so as to result in different shell effects between them, and are consequently found to produce different capacities of power supply, too.     

北京G120型Q3D磁谱仪焦面探测器系统

根据HI－13串列加速器及Q3D磁谱仪的特点和物理研究课题的要求，提出了与谱仪配用的焦面探测器的重要技术性能的要求。对磁谱仪和焦面探测器的联合系统的离子鉴别方法予以较详细的讨论。提出了模型设计的参数，并估算了各种可能的贡献及最后可获得的性能及修正方法。最后给出了运行中的轻、重离子探测器的性能的实验结果。     

Application and development of the pulsed plasma thruster

The application and development of pulsed plasma thrusters(PPTs) in recent years are reviewed in this paper. The advantages of PPTs are discussed. The schematics, propulsion performance parameters and key physical processes of PPTs are described. Some representative PPT products and flight systems developed in recent years are presented to show the performance of the PPT.Studies about how electrode structures, discharge circuits, propellant materials, energy discharge method, propellant feed method, ignition method and number of thruster heads influence the PPT performance are presented and analyzed. The ignitor design method, ignition process and propellant carbonization are introduced to discuss the reliability and lifetime issues in PPTs. The modeling methods of the discharge circuit, as well as ablation, ionization and acceleration in PPTs are presented. Finally, the application of PPTs in the future is analyzed and some suggestions for PPT development are proposed.     

Extended MHD Modelling with the Ten-Moment Equations

High-order moment fluid equations for simulation of plasmas are presented. The ten-moment equations are a two-fluid model in which time dependent equations are used to advance the pressure tensor. With the inclusion of the full pressure tensor Finite Larmor Radius (FLR) effects are captured. Further, Hall-effects are captured correctly by including the full electron momentum equation. Hall and FLR effects are important to understand stability of compact toroids like Field Reversed Configurations (FRCs) and also to detailed understanding of small scale instabilities in current carrying plasmas. The effects of collisions are discussed. Solutions to a Riemann problem for the ten-moment equations are presented. The ten-moment equations show complex dispersive solutions which come about from the source terms. The model is validated with the GEM fast magnetic reconnection challenge problem.     

The pumping performances of the turbomoleculae pump simulated by direct simulation monte carlo method

Turbomolecular pumps (TMPs) are used extensively in several highly important areas of industry and research. The performances of TMP are evaluated by maximum throughput and maximum pressure ratio. In this paper, they are investigated by DSMC method. A 3D analysis in a rotating reference frame is proposed to simulate this flow field. Considering the Coriolis and centrifugal accelerations, the equations about the molecular velocities and position are deduced. The VSS model and NTC collision schemes are used to calculate the intermolecular collisions. The diffuse reflection is employed on the molecular reflection from the surfaces of boundary. The procedures for establishment of the correct collision rate are based on the cells, while individual collision pairs are chosen from the sub-cells. The pump performances of one stage TMP under the different kinds of gas, different heights, and different blade angles are simulated and the results are analyzed. Numerical results agree well with the existing experiment data.     

AFA3G定位格架条带技术研究

介绍了目前国外燃料组件高燃耗、长周期、低泄漏的发展方向;阐述了研制高燃耗燃料组件定位格架的必要性和可行性。提出了定位格架研究中的主要技术指标、研究方案和实施途径。明确了定位格架条带的研制内容和模具制造中的技术难点;给出了总体实施方案,并确定了研究目标及技术性能指标。最后对格架研制中的关键技术和实施方案及格架研制中的相关配套条件进行了分析。     

蒙特卡罗方法在器件屏蔽封装中的应用

用1.5MeV的电子对几种封装材料进行辐照,得到它的剂量深度分布曲线．同时用Monte-Carlo方法计算进行模拟,两着符合较好。高Z材料．如钨、钽是最好的屏蔽初级电子的材料．但从实用性设计考虑,这些材料都是导体,不利于对特殊结构器件进行包封,又设计了几种复合材料．这既达到了屏蔽的效果,又可以绝缘,可以直接对器件进行封装。建立的理论模拟方法,为预估二次封装器件的空间辐射环境抗总剂量能力提供了一种有效的方法。     

放射性气溶胶监测仪探测限检测方法研究

研究了放射性气溶胶监测仪的检测方法，即天然本底检测法和衰变检测法。两种方法不仅可检测监测仪的探测限，而且对各种监测仪探测指标的物理意义能给以正确判断。介绍了检测方法，讨论了方法必须遵循的规范性要求。     

地层元素测井中中子-伽马能谱解析理论与方法

对在模型中进行地层元素中子伽马能谱测井实验和中子伽马谱解析方法进行了研究，即对非弹伽马谱与俘获伽马谱解析方法进行了研究。理论上推导出分别用非弹谱和俘获谱求出地层元素质量分数的公式。采用两谱联合分析及归一的方法，求出岩石骨架和孔隙流体整个地层中元素的质量分数。并在油田进行了实际应用，应用结果显示该方法是成功的     

乏燃料后处理厂主工艺中的主要化学安全问题

水法后处理工艺过程涉及很多化学反应,反应条件和反应产物不同,需要关注的化学安全问题也不同。描述了后处理主工艺不同阶段的化学反应,分析了各阶段应关注的主要化学安全问题,为商用后处理厂的设计和事故分析提供参考。