活化条件对活性炭微球结构与性能的影响

以煤焦油系中间相沥青微球为原料,KOH为活化剂,在不同活化条件下制备活性炭微球。考察了不同活化对活性炭微球结构和性能的影响。研究表明：随着KOH配比的增加,活性炭微球的微孔孔容变化较小,中孔孔容和总孔孔容分别增加到最大值后下降,比表面积增大到最大值后有轻微的降低。活化恒温时间对活性炭微球的活化收率和苯吸附值影响较小;而随着活化湿度的升高,活性炭微球总孔容和中孔孔容增大,比表面积先升高后降低。活性炭微球的苯吸附值随着总孔容的增大而增大。     

微波加热化学活化法制备高比表面活性炭

以中间相炭微球为原料,KOH为活化剂,采用微波加热化学活化法在不同条件下制备出高比表面积活性炭,考察了活化前后中间相炭微球的结构变化与不同活化条件对炭微球性能的影响.研究表明:活化后中间相炭微球的石墨微晶结构被破坏,所制得的活性炭是无定形组织.活性炭比表面积和孔容随着KOH/MCMB的增大先增大后减小.KOH/MCMB较小时,比表面积和孔容随活化时间的延长达到最大值后不再发生变化,在KOH/MCMB较大时,比表面积和孔容随活化时间的延长先增大后减小.     

不同活化法制备的焦化除尘灰基活性炭的性能比较

采用焦化除尘灰为原料,分别用水蒸气和KOH为活化剂制备焦化除尘灰基活性炭,并对所制的活性炭进行碘吸附值、BET比表面积、孔径分布、孔容以及表面形貌测试。实验结果表明,采用KOH活化法制备的活性炭吸附性能强于采用水蒸气活化法制备的活性炭。氢氧化钾活化法制备的活性炭为中孔孔型,BET比表面积达275.51 m2/g。     

中间相沥青微球的活化

用KOH为活化剂,在不同活化条件下对中间相青微球进行活化,制备出比表面积为3182m^2/g,总孔容为2．45mL/g,苯吸附值为1320mg/g的高比表面积活性炭微球。研究了了KOH配比、活性温度和活化时间对活性炭微球的收率、比表面积和苯吸附值的影响。研究表明：随着KOH配比量或活化温度的提高,活化收率下降,活性炭微球的比表面积和七吸附值升高到一定值后下降;延长活化时间使活化反应进行完全,活性炭微球的活化收率、比表面积和苯吸附值仅有轻微变化。     

制备条件对超高比表面积活性炭结构的影响

以石油焦为炭前驱材料、用不同试剂作为活化剂,讨论了不同活化剂对石油焦的活化作用。在以KOH为活化剂时,研究了活化条件对活性炭孔结构的影响。结果表明,强碱具有明显的活化作用,盐类试荆的活化作用很差,且KOH的活化作用远优于NaOH。在碱与碳质量比为4、800℃下活化60min制得了BET比表面积为3422m^2／g的超高比表面积活性炭(SBET≥2500m^2／g)。且碱与碳质量比越大、活化温度越高及活化时间越长,所制得活性炭中大于2nm的孔所占的比例越大。     

煤基活性炭的制备及CH_4/H_2分离性能

以神东煤为原料,KOH为活化剂制备高比表面积活性炭,分别考察碱煤比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭孔结构的影响,并用于CH4和H2的吸附与分离.结果发现,制得活性炭的比表面积和孔容随碱煤比和活化时间的增加分别呈增加和先增加后减小的趋势,但比表面积受活化温度影响不大,孔容随活化温度升高而增加;适合于CH4和H2分离的活性炭的最佳制备条件为:碱煤比为5,活化温度800℃,活化时间为90min.     

采用KOH与NaOH活化剂所制活性炭表面化学性质及孔结构的比较

采用沥青焦为原料,以KOH和NaOH活化剂制备出不同碱炭质量比（R）系列活性炭。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表征出所制活性炭的石墨层结构和表面化学性质,并用氮气吸附和脱附等温线计算出BET比表面积、DFT孔径分布及孔容。实验结果表明,与NaOH活化剂相比,KOH活化剂所制活性炭石墨层破坏更明显,表面含氧官能团也明显增加。当R=5时,KOH活化剂所制样品BET比表面积高达2939m^2／g,孔容为1．43cm^2／g;而NaOH活化剂所制样品BET比表面积和孔容分别只有1098m^2／g、0．53cm^2／g。     

KOH活化法制备废旧棉织物活性炭及表征

以废旧棉织物为原料,KOH为活化剂,利用化学活化法制备活性炭。采用XRD、SEM、元素分析仪、比表面积及孔径分析仪、FTIR等对所制备活性炭的结构与性能进行了分析与表征。结果表明:先炭化废旧棉织物,在m(炭化料)∶m(KOH)=1∶1,浸渍时间16 h,活化温度850℃,活化时间50 min的活化条件下,制备的活性炭比表面积为1 368.67 m~2/g,其中,微孔比表面积占BET比表面积的72.05%,总孔容为0.620 8 cm3/g,微孔孔容占总孔容的71.63%,微孔孔径主要分布在0.84~1.30 nm之间;活性炭呈中空纤维状,具有丰富的孔隙结构;碳质量分数高达90.43%;表面官能团主要为羧基、羰基、羟基等亲水性基团。废旧棉织物可作为制备活性炭的原料,所制活性炭性能优良。     

煤质成型活性炭的制备及其吸附性能研究

以神木烟煤为原料,煤沥青为黏结剂,在较低浸渍比下采用KOH和ZnCl_2活化法制备成型活性炭,利用低温(77 K)N_2吸附法对活性炭的比表面积及孔结构参数进行表征,考察浸渍比对活性炭孔结构的影响及其液相吸附性能,并对比分析两种化学活化法所制活性炭结构与性能的差异.结果表明,在相同浸渍比下,KOH活化法所制成型活性炭的比表面积、总孔容及碘吸附值均高于ZnCl_2活化法.当浸渍比为1.0时,采用KOH活化法可制备出表面积为811 m~2/g,总孔容为0.513 cm~3/g,中孔比例为23.6%,碘吸附值为1 125 mg/g的成型活性炭;采用ZnCl_2活化法可制备出表面积为472 m~2/g,总孔容为0.301 cm~3/g,中孔比例为30.6%,碘吸附值为527 mg/g的成型活性炭.两种活化法所制成型活性炭的孔径主要分布在1.2 nm~2.0 nm的微孔和3.6 nm~4.5 nm的中孔范围内.     

天然焦基活性炭的制备及其电化学性能

以永城天然焦为前驱体,KOH为活化剂制备高比表面积活性炭,并将其作为超级电容器的电极材料.采用N2吸附和X射线衍射(XRD)对活性炭的比表面积、孔结构及微晶结构进行了表征,用恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等电化学测试手段评价了其电化学特性.在碱炭比为4∶1,800 ℃活化1 h的条件下制备出比表面积2 441 m2/g,孔容1.5 cm3/g,中孔率67 %的活性炭.该活性炭电极在3 M KOH水溶液及1 M (C2H5)4NBF4/碳酸丙烯酯(PC)电解液中具有高的比电容(分别达到252 F/g,163 F/g),低的扩散阻抗(分别为0.5 Ω和6.8 Ω).     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。