多唇边式真空吸盘的设计

传统的真空吸盘多用于吸附表面光滑的工件,对于表面质量较差的,如有明显的凸起、凹坑的工件将出现漏气现象.本文基于真空原理,针对表面状况差且质量较大的工件,成功的设计出一种多唇边式真空吸盘(申请实用新型专利,已受理,申请号:200820080841.8),并就该结构吸盘的吸附力进行测验.     

四种甲虫鞘翅的力学参数测定及微结构观测

研究了4种甲虫(白星花金龟、 东方龙虱、 独角仙、 毛黄鳃金龟)鞘翅的材料力学参数及其微结构。鞘翅截面微观结构观察表明, 这4种甲虫鞘翅均由鞘翅背壁、 中空夹芯层和鞘翅腹壁构成, 背、 腹壁之间由桥墩状几丁质纤维空心柱体结构连接, 两鞘翅间以凹凸啮合结构联接。用纳米压痕仪测得这4种甲虫鞘翅背壁致密层的弹性模量均值分别为9.08、 8.21、 4.76、 6.00GPa, 硬度分别为0.44、 0.48、 0.18、 0.18GPa。用多功能材料性能实验机测定白星花金龟、 东方龙虱、 独角仙鞘翅之间的联接强度分别为46.43、 7.38、 11.34mN/mm。该研究为轻质结构的设计提供了仿生学基础。      

接触式真空吸取技术研究现状与发展趋势

本文从接触式真空吸取的技术需求出发,分析了接触式真空吸盘的设计要求和主要结构形式,阐述了接触式真空吸取技术由非金属材料常规吸盘到形状自适应和人工弹性材料仿生吸盘的发展历程,研究了真空吸取力产生方法由外部负压源抽吸到吸盘变形改变内容积、吸盘材料优化等多种方法的发展趋势。随着研究的深入和技术的进步,合理利用新技术和新方法,能优化吸盘结构、增强吸取效果,推动接触式真空吸取技术朝着多工况适应、多形状夹持、高效节能等方向发展。     

凸点结构及电学性能对J-R型静电卡盘吸附力影响的研究

真空静电卡盘是半导体工艺中最重要的元件之一,主要应用于集成电路设备和光学设备,起到承载晶圆或衬底的作用。本文利用物理气相沉积的方法制备了J-R型静电卡盘的凸点结构。本研究中搭建了真空腔室,利用了气体背吹法,测试了不同凸点高度、不同吸附电压下约翰逊-拉别克型静电卡盘的吸附力。利用等效电容法,建立了计算凸点电学性能、结构尺寸对静电卡盘吸附力影响的仿真模型。通过仿真计算对吸附力大小的研究表明,由于接触电阻相对较低,文中方法制备的J-R型静电卡盘凸点结构几乎不对硅晶圆产生吸附力。并且随着凸点高度及凸点面积占比增加,静电卡盘对硅晶圆的吸附力降低,同时凸点表面形貌几乎不影响凸点吸附力。本文的研究对J-R效应理论的完善以及静电卡盘的设计具有重要指导意义,为半导体设备的发展提供重要的理论基础。     

亲水基团对十二烷基阴离子乳化剂在SiO2表面吸附影响的分子动力学模拟与试验研究

乳化沥青破乳过程中，乳化剂分子亲水基团吸附于集料表面，亲油基团牵引沥青微滴向集料表面聚集，从而达到破乳。因此，为了探究乳化剂亲水基团对乳化沥青破乳过程的影响，通过分子动力学模拟和电导率试验探究了疏水基团为十二烷基碳链、亲水基团不同的5种阴离子乳化剂在玄武岩主要化学成分（SiO₂）表面的吸附情况。模拟结果表明，亲水基团中的K⁺比Na⁺更能增强十二烷基阴离子乳化剂与水分子间的范德华相互作用，促进十二烷基阴离子乳化剂在SiO₂表面的聚集和吸附；在亲水基团中引入苯基官能团可提高十二烷基阴离子乳化剂与水分子间的范德华相互作用、十二烷基阴离子乳化剂在SiO₂表面的吸附能力，苯基官能团的引入率越高，十二烷基阴离子乳化剂与水分子间的范德华相互作用及十二烷基阴离子乳化剂在SiO₂表面的吸附能力越强；由于库仑力的作用，5种十二烷基阴离子乳化剂的疏水基团尾端C原子、亲水基团极性头S原子在SiO₂表面的扩散行为比十二烷基阴离子乳化剂自身在SiO_2<...     

纳米颗粒吸附排除病毒的理论探讨及应用研究

纳米技术可制备出与病毒同样大小的纳米颗粒。纳米颗粒可穿透血管壁进入血液,利用高比表面积产生的吸附力吸附大量病毒成微米级别的团聚颗粒,进而可被巨噬细胞捕捉吞噬,最后被整体代谢排除。据此以上,提出纳米颗粒吸附代谢排除病毒法的假说,并以微纳米尺寸的甘草、茶叶颗粒为吸附体,通过安全实验和临床试验等多方面的研究,取得了大量支持此假说的数据和结果。     

在交联聚乙烯醇微球表面接枝聚合甲基丙烯酸及接枝微球对含氮代谢及药物分子吸附特性的初探

交联聚乙烯醇(CPVA)微球是一种生物相容性聚合物微球,利用其表面大量的羟基,与铈盐构成氧化还原引发体系,实现了甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的表面引发接枝聚合,制备了接枝微球CPVA-g-PMAA.采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及zeta电位测定等法,对接枝微球的化学结构及物理化学特性进行了表征.初步考察了接枝微球CPVA-g-PMAA对代谢分子肌酐(Cr)及药物分子5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的吸附性能,分析了吸附机理.实验结果表明,较大的pH值范围内,接枝微球CPVA-g-PMAA的zeta电位为绝对值较大的负值,即其表面携带高密度的负电荷.受静电相互作用的驱动,接枝微球CP-VA-g-PMAA对含N的Cr及5-FU分子表现出很强的吸附能力.     

活化温度对兰炭基活性炭结构与性能的影响

以兰炭末为原料采用KOH高温活化法制备活性炭,重点研究了活化温度对活性炭结构与性能的影响。采用SEM、红外光谱对活性炭的表面形貌及表面结构进行表征。研究表明,随着活化温度的升高,活性炭的收率逐渐减小,碘吸附值先增大后减小。当活化温度为800℃时,活性炭的收率为70%,碘吸附值最大可达到733.482mg/g。SEM及FT-IR分析表明,高温下KOH的扩孔作用主要由表面向活性炭的内部纵深发展,最终会使活性炭形成规则的层状、蜂窝状孔隙结构,并且表面含有大量的羟基、羰基等活性基团。     

基于PDMS的蘑菇状仿生黏附微阵列新型制造方法

受到自然界中壁虎和甲虫脚趾表面微纳纤毛结构的启发，本工作基于聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)提出了一种表面具有蘑菇状微阵列的仿生干黏附材料制造方法，通过进给实验装置对传统支柱状仿生干黏附材料进行“蘸取”，实现了表面蘑菇状微阵列的制造。蘑菇状仿生干黏附材料单根纤维的黏附面积为1.12×10^-3mm²，最大切向黏附强度为2.65 N/cm²，法向黏附强度为5.18 N/cm²。与手工制造方式相比，黏附面积提升了33.74%，黏附强度最大分别提升了225%、280%。结合SEM图、光学显微图、黏附材料与黏附接触面的接触状态和黏着功进行黏附性能的理论分析。利用这一方法，蘑菇状仿生干黏附材料的黏着角减小，微阵列的末端直径、表面平整度、有效黏着功、黏附面积和柔顺性显著提升，材料能够更好地适应接触面，且具有较好的重复性，显著提高了材料的切向和法向黏附强度。本工作为蘑菇状仿生干黏附材料的制造提供了一种新思路。     

晶圆材料对J-R型静电卡盘吸附力影响的研究

静电卡盘是半导体以及光学设备中关键器件之一,主要起到固定衬底快速加热的作用。本研究中搭建了真空腔室平台,并依据气体背吹法,测试了约翰逊-拉别克型静电卡盘对不同电压下不同材料晶圆的吸附力。本文通过对氧化层电学性质及静电卡盘凸点结构的研究,得出静电卡盘对具有氧化层晶圆的吸附力来自于静电卡盘表面电荷与晶圆内硅材料之间吸附力的结论。并且利用等效电容法,建立了计算不同材料晶圆对静电卡盘吸附力影响的仿真模型。通过实验与仿真的结果表明,相同吸附电压下,静电卡盘对具有氧化层晶圆的吸附力大于静电卡盘对纯硅晶圆的吸附力。静电卡盘对晶圆吸附力的大小随着氧化层厚度的增加,先增加后减少。本文的研究对J-R效应理论的完善以及静电卡盘的设计及优化具有重要指导意义。为半导体设备的发展提供重要的理论基础。     

Characterization of the structure and composition of gecko adhesive setae.

The ability of certain reptiles to adhere to vertical (and hang from horizontal) surfaces has been attributed to the presence of specialized adhesive setae on their feet. Structural and compositional studies of such adhesive setae will contribute significantly towards the design of biomimetic fibrillar adhesive materials. The results of electron microscopy analyses of the structure of such setae are presented, indicating their formation from aggregates of proteinaceous fibrils held together by a matrix and potentially surrounded by a limiting proteinaceous sheath. Microbeam X-ray diffraction analysis has shown conclusively that the only ordered protein constituent in these structures exhibits a diffraction pattern characteristic of beta-keratin. Raman microscopy of individual setae, however, clearly shows the presence of additional protein constituents, some of which may be identified as alpha-keratins. Electrophoretic analysis of solubilized setal proteins supports these conclusions, indicating the presence of a group of low-molecular-weight beta-keratins (14-20kDa), together with alpha-keratins, and this interpretation is supported by immunological analyses.     

Sundew adhesive: a naturally occurring hydrogel

Bioadhesives have drawn increasing interest in recent years, owing to their eco-friendly, biocompatible and biodegradable nature. As a typical bioadhesive, sticky exudate observed on the stalked glands of sundew plants aids in the capture of insects and this viscoelastic adhesive has triggered extensive interests in revealing the implied adhesion mechanisms. Despite the significant progress that has been made, the structural traits of the sundew adhesive, especially the morphological characteristics in nanoscale, which may give rise to the viscous and elastic properties of this mucilage, remain unclear. Here, we show that the sundew adhesive is a naturally occurring hydrogel, consisting of nano-network architectures assembled with polysaccharides. The assembly process of the polysaccharides in this hydrogel is proposed to be driven by electrostatic interactions mediated with divalent cations. Negatively charged nanoparticles, with an average diameter of 231.9 ± 14.8 nm, are also obtained from this hydrogel and these nanoparticles are presumed to exert vital roles in the assembly of the nano-networks. Further characterization via atomic force microscopy indicates that the stretching deformation of the sundew adhesive is associated with the flexibility of its fibrous architectures. It is also observed that the adhesion strength of the sundew adhesive is susceptible to low temperatures. Both elasticity and adhesion strength of the sundew adhesive reduce in response to lowering the ambient temperature. The feasibility of applying sundew adhesive for tissue engineering is subsequently explored in this study. Results show that the fibrous scaffolds obtained from sundew adhesive are capable of increasing the adhesion of multiple types of cells, including fibroblast cells and smooth muscle cells, a property that results from the enhanced adsorption of serum proteins. In addition, in light of the weak cytotoxic activity exhibited by these scaffolds towards a variety of mammal cells, evidence is sufficient to propose that sundew adhesive is a promising nanomaterial worth further exploitation in the field of tissue engineering.     

Frictional and elastic energy in gecko adhesive detachment.

Geckos use millions of adhesive setae on their toes to climb vertical surfaces at speeds of over 1 m s(-1). Climbing presents a significant challenge for an adhesive since it requires both strong attachment and easy, rapid removal. Conventional pressure-sensitive adhesives are either strong and difficult to remove (e.g. duct tape) or weak and easy to remove (e.g. sticky notes). We discovered that the energy required to detach adhering tokay gecko setae (W(d)) is modulated by the angle (theta) of a linear path of detachment. Gecko setae resist detachment when dragged towards the animal during detachment (theta = 30 degrees ) requiring W(d) = 5.0+/-0.86(s.e.) J m(-2) to detach, largely due to frictional losses. This external frictional loss is analogous to viscous internal frictional losses during detachment of pressure-sensitive adhesives. We found that, remarkably, setae possess a built-in release mechanism. Setae acted as springs when loaded in tension during attachment and returned elastic energy when detached along the optimal path (theta=130 degrees ), resulting in W(d) = -0.8+/-0.12 J m(-2). The release of elastic energy from the setal shaft probably causes spontaneous release, suggesting that curved shafts may enable easy detachment in natural, and synthetic, gecko adhesives.     

DEM simulation analysis of the improvement in particle discharge flowability using adhesive force distribution models based on admixed particle coating

Particle flowability can be improved by admixing particles smaller than the original particles (main particles). However, the details of the mechanism of this improvement are not yet fully understood. In this study, we used a discrete element method simulation to investigate the effects on the particle flowability of the adhesive force distribution at each contact point based on the admixed particle coating. We used the non-uniform, random, and uniform surface adhesive force distribution models and calculated the discharge flow rates. The non-uniform models had a larger discharge flow rate compared with the other models because the non-uniform adhesive force distribution destabilized the force balance in the bed, and thus destabilized the particle arching structure, which generated discontinuous layers more frequently and improved the flowability. Consequently, in a smaller particle admixing system, the adhesive force distribution at each contact point would help to improve the flowability.     

胶粘剂在粘接接头内热分解动力学的计算

为了研究粘接接头内胶粘剂的耐热性能,采用X射线能谱分析确定了不同条件下粘接接头内胶粘剂的元素组成及其变化行为,利用X射线能谱计算了胶粘剂的热失重率,进而计算出聚酰亚胺薄膜粘接接头内胶粘剂的热分解动力学,并与空气环境下胶粘剂热分解活化能进行了比较.计算结果表明,粘接接头内胶粘剂的热分解速率低于空气环境下胶粘剂热分解速率,这种分析测试方法为原位表征粘接接头内胶粘剂耐热性能提供了一种新的分析方法.     

纵波在含有线性粘滞粘接层的粘接结构中的传播

研究了纵波垂直入射上下基体为同种介质且含有线性粘滞粘接层的三层板状粘接结构时声波的反射和透射特性,基于粘接界面的准静态模型(QSM)并结合各向同性线性粘滞体的本构方程,导出了含有粘滞系数和体积弹性模量的纵波反射和透射系数表达式。首先将纵波的准静态模型解和精确解进行对比,研究了准静态模型的适用条件。其次在界面处于不同接触形式(完好连接和粘滞型弱粘接)的情况下,分别讨论了考虑和不考虑界面相对质量对声反射和透射特性的影响。接着分析了粘滞粘接层参数的变化对纵波反射和透射特性的影响。最后在不大于0.1 MHz-mm的较小频厚积范围内简要阐述了如何鉴别界面形式。结果表明,准静态模型适用于较小频厚积的检测;是否考虑界面的相对质量对纵波的反射和透射特性影响不大;在特定的频厚积下,利用纵波的反射或透射系数方法结合准静态模型可有效辨别界面形式。研究成果可为实验时采用纵波垂直入射检测粘接结构提供一定的理论参考。     

聚氨酯胶粘剂的应用与研究

简述了聚氨酯胶粘剂的发展状况、粘结特性,以及其存在的不足之处和相应的改性研究.对其在包装业、建筑业、汽车制造、木材粘结、书籍装订、印刷业等方面的应用进行了详细介绍.指出新型高性能、可生物降解的环保聚氨酯胶粘剂是今后研究的重要方向.     

新型室温固化双组分胶粘剂的研究

利用自合成聚丙烯酸酯聚合物和环氧丙烯酸酯制备了新型双组分室温固化丙烯酸酯胶粘剂.研究并讨论了该胶粘剂组成的比例、活性单体对粘合强度、胶粘性能和胶粘剂的贮存稳定性的影响、确定了室温固化氧化-还原体系剂及适宜固化时间用量.该胶粘剂对金属的拉伸强度可达23.5MPa.     

具有不同黏附力Al-Mg-Si合金超疏水表面的制备与表征

基于位错刻蚀理论利用溶液浸泡处理A1-Mg-Si合金在其表面形成微观粗糙表面结构,采用自组装技术在此表面制备FDTS自组装分子膜.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和表面粗糙度仪对试样表面形貌进行了表征;采用接触角测量仪对试样表面接触角进行了测量.结果表明,试样经溶液浸泡处理和沉积自组装分子膜后,其表面润湿性实现了由亲水到超亲水再到超疏水的转变;改变溶液浸泡时间得到具有不同微观结构的表面,沉积自组装分子膜后得到的超疏水表面具有不同的滚动接触角,其表面黏附力具有明显差异.分析认为,超疏水表面的获得是溶液浸泡处理得到的粗糙表面结构和低表面能物质FDTS自组装分子膜共同作用的结果;表面黏附力的差异是试样表面微观形貌的不同造成水滴在其表面所处状态的差异引发的.     

有机硅/环氧树脂耐高温封装胶的制备

以γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,通过水解缩聚制备出有机硅树脂,并与环氧树脂杂化,使用间苯二胺/聚酰胺作为固化剂。研究结果表明:当环氧树脂与有机硅树脂的质量比为7∶3,固化剂用量为16%时,所制备封装胶的剪切强度为17.23MPa,硬度为37.2N/mm2,与单纯的环氧树脂相比,合成的有机硅树脂能提高胶的热分解温度,表明该导热封装胶的综合性能得到提高。