电离层垂直剖面建模方法改进研究

垂测电离图反演对研究电离层结构、电离层波传播等具有重要意义,受到广泛的重视.模式法是垂测电离图反演较为普遍的方法,基于Reinisch和黄雪钦根据IRI模型建立的电离层垂直剖面模型,Carlo Scotto提出了一种反演电离层剖面的方法.文章基于这种反演方法对Reinisch和黄雪钦模型进行了改进,把高斯模型应用于F₁层模型,使反演后F₁层临频与实测F₁层临频基本吻合,同时应用F₁层模型的反模型——反高斯模型作为连接层以保证F₁层与F₂层剖面连续,并通过仿真分析对算法的有效性进行了验证。     

An iterative inversion algorithm with application to thepolarimetric radar response of vegetation canopies

The retrieval of scene parameters from polarimetric radar data using an iterative inversion approach is considered. The theoretical development of a general, model-based iterative algorithm for inversion of polarimetric radar data is presented. Factors relevant to its implementation, such as sensor configuration, algorithm optimization and computational structure are discussed. The algorithm is applied to the specific problem of inverting the vector radiative transfer model for a simplified, representative vegetation canopy consisting of vertical trunks, leaves, and a rough ground surface. The results of this inversion are in excellent agreement with simulated data generated using the radiative transfer model. The convergence properties of the algorithm are evaluated, and it is found that successful convergence is achieved in about 90% to 95% of the cases tested for the implementation used in this work. An error analysis is presented which considers the effect of both systematic and measurement derived errors. Typical error bounds for the current application are approximately ±3%, allowing for ±0.5 dB accuracy in the measured radar data     

MIMO-OFDM系统的低复杂度递推信道跟踪算法

该文针对时变多径信道下的MIMO-OFDM系统,基于变分贝叶斯原理,提出了一种新的联合信号检测和信道跟踪的低复杂度半盲贝叶斯迭代接收机。针对该接收机,基于递推变分期望最大化(RVBEM)算法,提出了一种RVBEM信道跟踪算法。由于RVBEM算法需要进行矩阵求逆,因此以该算法为基础推导得到了一种时频域联合递推的低复杂度信道跟踪(TF-LCRVBEM)算法。TF-LCRVBEM算法不仅完全避免了矩阵求逆运算,还通过合理的近似使得算法只具有线性复杂度。分析和仿真表明,在时变多径信道下,所提迭代接收机具有远优于传统接收机和接近理想接收机的性能。     

基于稀疏采样传播数据和决策树算法的蒸发波导反演

蒸发波导的超视距传播特性是影响海上无线电系统性能的重要因素,准确预测蒸发波导是进行系统 评估的基础。文中提出一种基于稀疏采样传播数据和决策树轻量梯度提升机(Light Gradient Boosting Machine, LightGBM)算法的蒸发波导反演方法。首先,采用抛物方程方法仿真得到稀疏采样传播数据并构建训练集和测试 集;其次,使用决策树LightGBM 算法搭建反演模型,通过不断调参改进模型的精度以达到较高的反演准确度;最后, 调用训练好的LightGBM 模型进行蒸发波导反演,并对反演结果的概率分布进行了分析。结果表明,基于稀疏采样 传播数据的蒸发波导反演方法能够有效且快速地实现蒸发波导反演,为海上蒸发波导预测提供了一种新途径。     

An Evaluation of Methods for Neuromagnetic Image Reconstruction

In this paper, we discuss several aspects of a potential new medical imaging modality for producing a quantitative three-dimensional map of neuron current densities associated with brain function. The neuromagnetic image is produced by reconstructing a current dipole field from external magnetic field measurements made with an array of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) detectors. This field is produced by numerical inversion of the Biot-Savart equation. The purpose of the work is to investigate fundamental limits on the feasibility of the proposed system under ideal conditions. The following problems are addressed: 1) What are the factors limiting resolution of the system? 2) What is a suitable model for neural activity in the brain? 3) What classes of algorithms are suitable for estimating the model parameters? The major conclusion of this work is that the inversion problem is severely ill-posed and the choice of model and estimation algorithm are crucial in obtaining reasonable solutions. A class of solutions, termed minimum dipole, is proposed as a means of obtaining more acceptable results.     

Double-charge-sheet model for thin silicon-on-insulator films

A simple algorithm is proposed that facilitates the calculation of surface potentials and charge densities at the front and back interfaces in thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layers by decoupling of the potentials and charges at the two interfaces. An expression relating the front surface potential and inversion charge to the front and back gate biases is derived and compared with a numerical solution of Poisson's equation. The charge-sheet model agrees well with the simulation results over the front-surface bias range from weak to heavy inversion and with the back silicon surface biased into accumulation, depletion, and inversion. The results are shown to be reasonably accurate for all doping densities of common interest and for SOI film thicknesses above approximately 20 nm. An extension of the model to a nonequilibrium system is used to derive an expression for the drain current in a fully-depleted SOI MOSFET. Other applications of the model include a closed-form analytical solution for the threshold voltage and a calculation of the interface-state trapped charge     

功率倒置算法在北斗抗干扰天线系统中的应用

为解决北斗导航接收机干扰功率强、有效信号弱的不足,提出了一种基于功率倒置自适应算法的抗干扰设计方案。该方案以自适应天线系统为平台,采用FPGA处理器Virtex5芯片实现自适应算法,根据最小均方误差原则迭代计算功率倒置的最优权值并产生加权输出。测试结果显示：功率倒置算法在干扰形式、干扰方向未知的情况下能够有效抑制干扰,为北斗导航接收机提供最高50dB的抗干扰能力。     

利用光束抖动反演横向风速垂直分布的研究

湍流冻结条件下,利用两个位置探测抖动信号的时空交叉相关函数,提出了反演横向风速垂直分布的理论模型.该模型的两个参数分别为湍流廓线和相关函数在延迟时间为0处的导数.假定横向风速满足高斯模型,采用遗传算法进行数值仿真.通过对两种典型湍流模型进行反演计算,发现反演的风廓线和理论风廓线一致性好,相对误差不超过3.3％和1.6％.改变湍流廓线的特征高度并进行反演计算,结果表明湍流强度存在较大误差时,该模型仍可用于低层横向风速垂直分布的反演.     

A multiparameter iterative inversion of dual-laterolog inhorizontally layered media and its error analysis

The expression and algorithm of the Born approximation of dual-laterolog (DLL) are different from nonfocusing resistivity tools because the currents and potentials on the surfaces of the electrodes must be satisfied with the special focusing conditions. The Born approximation is described by a linear integral equation about the changes in current density, bucking currents, and potentials on the surfaces of all the electrodes, caused by small perturbations in the formation conductivity. Using the complex forward modeling of DLL, and the semi-analytic solution of the Green's function, we advance the fast algorithm of the Frechet derivative matrix containing the partial derivatives of both the apparent resistivities and bucking currents with respect to all components of the model vector. A normalization approach is used to transform the matrix into a dimensionless matrix. We then develop a multiparameter iterative inversion technique to simultaneously reconstruct all model parameters. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of both noises in data and errors of some model parameters on the inversion solution and give a method to choose the regularization factors. Finally, numerical result tests show the characteristics of the normalized Frechet matrix, the influence of errors of both bed thickness and flushed zone resistivity, etc, on the inversion solution when they are fixed, and the great improvement of the inversion quality when all model parameters are simultaneously reconstructed from both the apparent resistivities and bucking currents     

Profile inversion using the renormalized source-type integralequation approach

A novel and exact inversion equation is presented. If approximations are to be made they will occur in the numerical methods used in the solution of this inversion equation. This inversion approach is applicable to transverse electric (TE) and extensible to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization with no explicit frequency limitation. By prestoring the elements of the inversion operator, the method does not require the solution to the full forward problem repeatedly. It also allows, in some cases, the rigorous study of the degree of nonuniqueness involved in the inversion, a point of great importance in the design problem     

A general framework for nonlinear multigrid inversion.

A variety of new imaging modalities, such as optical diffusion tomography, require the inversion of a forward problem that is modeled by the solution to a three-dimensional partial differential equation. For these applications, image reconstruction is particularly difficult because the forward problem is both nonlinear and computationally expensive to evaluate. In this paper, we propose a general framework for nonlinear multigrid inversion that is applicable to a wide variety of inverse problems. The multigrid inversion algorithm results from the application of recursive multigrid techniques to the solution of optimization problems arising from inverse problems. The method works by dynamically adjusting the cost functionals at different scales so that they are consistent with, and ultimately reduce, the finest scale cost functional. In this way, the multigrid inversion algorithm efficiently computes the solution to the desired fine-scale inversion problem. Importantly, the new algorithm can greatly reduce computation because both the forward and inverse problems are more coarsely discretized at lower resolutions. An application of our method to Bayesian optical diffusion tomography with a generalized Gaussian Markov random-field image prior model shows the potential for very large computational savings. Numerical data also indicates robust convergence with a range of initialization conditions for this nonconvex optimization problem.     

The use of adaptive algorithms for obtaining optimal electricalshimming in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A method of determining the dc coil current values to electrically shim the static magnetic fields used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using modified steepest descent adaptive algorithm is described. Using a 32 cm diameter by a 40 cm long water phantom as the test volume, the algorithm achieved field homogeneities of 0.2 parts per million (ppm) peak-to-peak within a 20 cm diameter spherical imaging volume, and 1.3 ppm peak-to-peak within the entire phantom. The algorithm achieved an inhomogeneity variance of 0.18 ppm2. The shim system was successfully modeled as a sum of adaptive linear combiners. The model contains 13 parameters that can be varied, 12 shim coil currents, and the receiver mixer frequency. The model was then used to predict key adaptive algorithm parameters. Experimental verification of these parameters lends support to the accuracy of the model.     

轴对称二维位场的变形玻恩迭代反演

本文将变形玻恩迭代方法用于处理轴对称二维非均匀介质分布的电导率反演问题众所周知，横磁场的反演比横电场的反演的非线性程度更高．本文选用了收敛速度快而效果好的变形波恩迭代反演方法．而离散非线性积分方程所得矩阵方程的病态特性用古洪诺夫正则化方法来克服，再用共轭梯度方法求解在每次选代过程中采用了快速的半解析半数值的高效正演方法，本文用它半解析地表达出反演中所需计算的格林函数的偏导数；并在此基础上半解析地求出了反演的非线性积分方程中的积分运算，从而大大提高了反演速度和精度     

MIMO系统中STTC译码的一种改进型算法

本文对MIMO系统中用于STTC编码器的VA译码算法进行了改进,建立了节点度量的递推方程,并给出了分枝转移的度量方法。改进后的VA算法适用于已经估计出MIMO系统中信道转移阵的条件下。相比于标准的STTC译码算法,改进后的算法可以在一根接收天线上独立进行,并且节点度量可以通过递推方程进行累积。当多根天线独立译码后,可以进一步进行后续比较以再次降低误码率。仿真结果显示：改进VA在比特误码性能上与标准VA算法接近,但是在分段度量计算时收敛速度要远快于标准VA。     

遮挡环境下原子钟和气压测高仪辅助北斗定位方法研究

在城市峡谷等遮挡环境下,接收机无法连续进行定位解算;并且高程定位精度不能满足用户在立交桥或者盘山公路等环境下的定位需求。在接收机内使用原子钟,可以利用原子钟的高稳定性,对钟差进行高精度的预测。并通过与气压测高仪共同辅助北斗系统定位,可以有效提高接收机的定位精度和连续性;该文首先理论分析了原子钟和气压测高仪辅助定位算法;然后,提出一种气压测高仪初始化校正方法,并通过对钟差噪声类型的分析确定了钟差预测方法;最后,模拟遮挡环境,进行原子钟和气压测高仪辅助北斗卫星导航系统定位试验,并分析了定位结果。结果表明：仅跟踪两颗可见卫星,便可以进行定位解算,并且垂直方向上的定位误差从8.2 m (RMSE)下降到了5.2 m,定位结果的波动从4.6 m下降到了0.8 m。     

基于改进的Chahine迭代算法的粒径分布反演

反演算法的速度、精度及稳定性一直是颗粒测量领域中的研究重点。针对传统的Chahine迭代算法在反演过程中出现毛刺、伪峰及震荡等不稳定现象,将正则化理论与Chahine迭代算法相结合的改进算法用于颗粒粒径分布的重建。通过引入正则化理论建立新的线性方程,采用L曲线法确定正则化参数,再利用Chahine迭代算法求解该线性方程。仿真及实验结果表明:改进的算法解决了Chahine迭代算法的缺点,提高了反演结果的稳定性和平滑性。利用改进的算法实现国家标准颗粒的测量,其迭代15 000次所得中值粒径D50的相对误差在2%以内,用于描述分布曲线展宽的D10、D90的相对误差均在5%以内,且反演时间小于1 min,可满足颗粒粒径在线测量的需求。     

用变形玻恩迭代法反演电导率的二维非均匀分布

本文把变形玻恩迭代方法用于求解二维轴对称逆散射问题。该方法提供一种迭代收敛较快的反演成像算法。利用对称轴上２０ｋＨｚ电场的测量值在二维非均匀介质中对电导率分布进行反演。首先给出对于未知电导率分布的非线性积分方法，并用玻恩近似使积分方程线性化，然后用吉洪诺夫与正则化方法求出电导率分布。在迭代过程中，数值模式匹配法用于求解正演场．数值实例表明，用简单的对称轴上测量场能得到好的好的成像结果。     

大气探测激光雷达突变信号处理方法研究（特邀）

在大气探测激光雷达的实际应用中,当激光探测路径上存在后向散射系数很大的云雾、烟尘或硬目标,且由其引起的突变信号强烈到一定程度时,使用Fernald法后向积分反演消光系数会在突变信号后向数据中产生明显的反演误差。根据 Fernald法后向积分的特点并结合分段斜率法,提出了一种新的反演方法以应对上述情况,优化了传统算法的反演策略。即通过判断突变信号位置不断更新参考距离和边界值进行迭代反演,并将更准确的反演数据拼接覆盖到初始反演数据中。使用垂直和水平探测所得到的实测数据对反演方法进行有效性验证,并且对被优化数据和邻近无突变信号时相应的数据进行了对比。结果表明,相比传统算法,垂直和水平探测的相关数据在新的反演方法下分别优化了消光系数相对误差约79%和96%,验证了该方法具有一定的可行性。     

Resolution depths for some transmitter-receiver configurations

Equivalent dipole polarizability matrices and equivalent dipole location are a convenient way to interpret magnetic field data due to currents induced in isolated conductive objects. The uncertainties in polarizability estimates and in the equivalent dipole location provide a quantitative measure of the performance of different configurations of transmitters and receivers. In another paper, we estimate these uncertainties using a linearized inversion. For many systems, consisting of one or more rectangular loop transmitters and a number of dipole receivers, sited on a horizontal grid, equivalent dipole depth is determined to 10% accuracy to depths approximately 20% deeper than the depths at which polarizability matrix elements can be determined to the same precision. Systems that have a lower product of rms polarizability uncertainty and square root of their number of transmitter-receiver pairs are considered more effective for the number of transmitter-receiver pairs. Among the systems studied, a system with three orthogonal transmitter loops and a three-component receiver is the most effective, for objects shallower than 0.6 times the instrument siting grid spacing, yielding an rms polarizability uncertainty 0.04 times that of a single-transmitter single-receiver system. At intermediate depths, a system with two vertical component receivers on the diagonal of a square horizontal transmitter loop is most effective for its number of transmitter-receiver pairs, yielding an rms polarizability uncertainty 0.07 times that of a single receiver system. At depths greater than 2.5 times, the siting grid spacing a three-orthogonal loop transmitter with a single vertical component receiver is about the most effective for its number of transmitter-receiver pairs, yielding an rms polarizability uncertainty 0.08 times that of a single-transmitter system.     

Adaptive multisensor receiver for mobile communications

This paper describes a digital receiver for radiomobile communications. The adaptive filter is a purely spatial filter. The used criterion is the minimisation of a mean square error between the array output signal and a reference signal. The reference signal is generated using the demodulator results. No learning sequence is required. The algorithm is digitally implemented and it uses a direct matrix inversion algorithm. The performance study, using simulation and experimental results, shows tracking properties, jammers cancelling and multivath correction.