国内加热不燃烧型卷烟专利技术统计分析

为使我国烟草行业相关科技人员准确把握加热不燃烧型卷烟研发的技术特点,对国家知识产权局1985—2016年公开公告的有关加热不燃烧型卷烟专利进行了检索和统计分析。结果表明:(1)1985—2016年国家知识产权局共公开972件加热不燃烧型卷烟专利,其中电加热型卷烟专利占75%以上,是目前加热不燃烧型卷烟专利的主流。(2)菲利浦·莫里斯烟草公司在加热不燃烧型卷烟方面申请专利数量最多;国内烟草行业在该领域专利技术研发取得了长足进步,专利总量远超国外烟草公司和其他专利申请人,成为加热不燃烧型卷烟领域专利技术研发的主体。(3)电加热型卷烟专利研发热点和布局重点是加热段结构改进、烟草配方及添加剂优化、加热效果和感官质量提高等方面;燃料加热型卷烟专利研发热点和布局重点是烟草配方及添加剂优化、热源技术和加热段结构改进、感官质量和加热效果提高方面;理化反应加热型卷烟专利研发重点是烟草配方及添加剂优化、加热段结构改进和感官质量提高方面。     

国内燃料加热型卷烟专利技术分析

为使我国烟草行业相关科技人员准确把握燃料加热型卷烟的研发现状,预测今后的发展趋势,对国家知识产权局1985—2017年公开公告的有关燃料加热型卷烟的专利进行了检索和统计分析。结果表明:(1)1985—2017年国内燃料加热型卷烟专利共计261件,其中发明208件、实用新型53件。(2)1985至2010年间,燃料加热型卷烟每年专利数量有限;从2012年开始,相关专利申请数量显著增长,2013至2015年是专利快速发展时期。(3)国外烟草公司和国内烟草行业是中国燃料加热型卷烟专利的申请主体,国外烟草公司的专利均为发明专利,在我国的专利布局较早,技术含量较高,其中菲利浦?莫里斯烟草公司的申请量最多,主要分布在碳加热型卷烟方面,涉及热源段、烟草材料段、烟气传递段以及配套辅材设计等方面,技术较为成熟。(4)采用其他燃料的加热型卷烟专利相对偏少,具有较大的发展空间,比如可采用含能热源、气态燃料等其他燃料材料,以提高燃料能效。     

国内口用型无烟气烟草制品专利分析

为使我国烟草行业相关科技人员准确把握口用型无烟气烟草制品的研发现状,预测今后的发展趋势,对国家知识产权局1985-2018年公开公告的有关口用型无烟气烟草制品的专利进行了检索和统计分析。结果表明:(1)1985-2018年口用型无烟气烟草制品中国专利共计270件,其中发明233件、实用新型28件、外观设计9件。其中袋装口含型专利占50%以上,是目前口用型无烟气烟草制品专利的主流技术。(2)2008年以来,口用型无烟气烟草制品中国专利申请经历了活跃期和高峰期,国内烟草行业专利申请总量于2013年超过国外烟草公司,专利申请量以云南中烟工业有限责任公司和中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院领先。国外烟草公司申请的口用型无烟气烟草制品中国专利中,雷诺士烟草公司的申请量最多,其次是菲利浦·莫里斯烟草公司和美国无烟烟草公司,且均为发明专利。(3)袋装口含烟关键技术是产品配方、制备技术、包装技术等,含化烟关键技术是制备工艺、产品形态、产品配方等;袋装口含烟专利在包装方式、缓释技术、熟化技术等领域涉及较少,含化烟专利在缓释技术、成型技术等领域涉及较少。     

加热不燃烧烟草制品发展现状及展望

为使我国科研技术人员把握国际烟草企业新型烟草制品中加热不燃烧产品的特点和技术走向,对目前市场上销售及在研的加热不燃烧烟草制品进行总结和分析,并着重对加热不燃烧烟草制品烟气化学的安全性进行了综述。结果表明:在新型烟草制品领域,专利数据显示三大跨国烟草企业（菲莫烟草、英美烟草及日本烟草）更注重在加热不燃烧烟草制品方面的技术开发, 尤其是菲莫烟草;烟气化学对比分析表明加热不燃烧烟草制品是行业未来最具发展潜力的热点;在加热不燃烧烟草制品技术领域,电加热型（含混合型）在口感和降低有害成分释放方面优于碳加热型;相比于纯电加热型产品,混合型产品的有害成分释放量更低。      

基于专利数据分析的无烟气烟草制品研发趋势研究

为了解国内外无烟气烟草制品专利申请的情况,把握无烟气烟草制品的研发趋势,为我国烟草行业无烟气烟草制品的研究开发与市场发展提供决策参考和技术依据,对国内外无烟气烟草产品技术专利进行了检索分析,并对国际大型烟草公司在无烟烟草方面的进展做了的调查。结果表明:（1）无烟气烟草制品技术专利申请量在2008、2009年这两年时间内取得了较大的进展;（2）2000年以后,无烟气烟草制品的研发热点转移到嚼烟、鼻烟领域;（3）国际大型烟草公司相继进入无烟烟草领域,无烟气烟草制品已成为各大烟草公司的研发热点。      

国内口用型无烟气烟草制品专利分析

为给烟草行业相关科研技术人员研发口用型无烟气烟草制品(STP)提供参考,对1985—2015年国家知识产权局公开(公告)的有关口用型STP专利进行了统计和技术分析。结果表明:12008年以来,口用型STP专利一直保持较高的申请量并呈现持续增长趋势,专利申请量位居前列的申请人主要以国外烟草企业和我国烟草行业单位为主。2目前技术研发热点主要集中在原料配方、制备方法和产品形态方面,使用方式、添加剂和产品包装专利也较多。3未来的研究热点主要体现在配方技术、包装小袋材质(口腔内)、提高烟碱释放效率、控制烟碱释放速度以及所用基质、降低有害成分等方面,以提高使用的安全性和感官质量。     

无烟气烟草制品技术发展现状及趋势研究

为把握国外无烟气烟草制品研发的技术特点和发展趋势,借助Thomson Innovation 专利分析工具对1985 ～ 2014 年间无烟气烟草制品技术专利进行分析,系统揭示近30 年来无烟气烟草制品的研发现状与态势、研发热点以及技术分布。分析结果表明:专利申请变化趋势受政策影响较大;中国和美国是无烟气烟草制品技术专利申请的主要国家;3 类无烟气烟草制品技术研发热点各有不同;以跨国烟草公司为代表的企业通过收购与并购成为无烟气烟草制品技术研发的主导力量。      

新型烟草制品毒理学评价研究进展

为了解新型烟草制品的健康风险评估进展,对加热非燃烧型烟草制品、无烟气烟草制品和电子烟三类新型烟草制品的毒理学评价研究进行了综述。临床前毒理学评价是新型烟草制品健康风险评估程序中一个重要组成部分。1碳加热型和电加热型卷烟的毒理学评价方法包括细菌致突变试验、染色体畸变分析、姊妹染色单体交换试验、细胞毒性试验、DNA损伤分析、胞内相关酶分析等体外试验,以及皮肤涂抹致肿瘤、烟气吸入动物模型实验。加热非燃烧型卷烟的毒性低于传统卷烟。2无烟气烟草制品的毒理学评价方法包括Ames试验、细胞毒性试验、细胞增殖试验、细胞凋亡试验、染色体畸变分析、姊妹染色体交换试验、微核分析等体外测试,以及动物模型实验。无烟气烟草制品对人体健康有不利影响。3电子烟临床前毒理学评价研究较少。因此,发展一系列适合不同类型烟草制品的体外、体内毒理学测试方法,科学、客观、全面地评价新型烟草制品的健康影响,将成为我国烟草相关风险评估工作的重要内容之一。     

近20年国内外烟草相关专利信息对比分析与发展对策

从发展趋势、区域布局、专利申请人排名、专利类型等不同角度对1991年到2010年20年间国内外与烟草相关的专利状况以及2006年至2010年五年间烟草降焦、包装、无烟气烟草制品以及烟草调香四大热点技术的专利信息进行对比分析.建议中国烟草企业切实提高对自有专利的保护意识,充分认识专利信息的重要性并有效利用专利信息,掌握世界烟草行业的专利格局,制定适合企业自身的研发方向和专利策略.     

国内加热烟草芯材特色制备工艺技术研究进展

为使我国科研技术人员把握国内加热烟草芯材制品制备工艺技术的特点和技术走向,突破固化的技术认知、探索新技术以突破国外IQOS等跨国烟草公司的专利封锁。对近年来国内企业所开展的新型、特色加工工艺技术制备加热烟草芯材所申请的相关专利,按产品类型进行统计、分析、梳理归纳。结果表明,国内特色工艺制备加热烟草芯材技术领域的专利数量为53件,其中造粒法专利数量最多,占比为45.3%;浇筑法专利数量其次,占比为32.1%,其余为其他特色工艺制备,占比为22.6%。烟草行业内申请的专利占国内所有专利数量的64.1%,着重从专利的角度对加热烟草芯材特色制备的工艺技术方面的研究动态进行综述,旨在为我国烟草行业加热烟草芯材的制备工艺技术开发提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the