合金元素对20CrMnTi钢凝固组织影响的模拟

 为了改善20CrMnTi小方坯的凝固组织,采用移动边界法先对20CrMnTi钢的温度场进行模拟,在此基础上,采用元胞自动机有限元法（CAFE法）对其凝固组织进行了数值模拟。当模拟结果与实际结果基本吻合时,进一步探讨了硅、铬、锰、钛等合金元素对20CrMnTi钢凝固组织的影响规律。模拟结果表明,在该钢号的合金元素规定范围内,适当减少硅元素的质量分数,能够提高铸坯中心等轴晶比例,使晶粒数目增加,晶粒平均半径减小。适当添加铬元素能够扩大铸坯中心等轴晶区,从而减小晶粒平均半径,增加晶粒数量。增加锰元素质量分数可以提高铸坯的中心等轴晶率。最后根据所得模拟结果对该钢种的合金元素进行调整,达到了扩大铸坯中心等轴晶区和细化晶粒的目的。     

Study of the oxygen content uniformity and stability in BrO10S1.5Ts bronze powder

Results are presented of a study of the BrO10S1.5Ts bronze powder developed as an oxygen standard. It is shown that the powder homogeneity, in terms of its oxygen content and concentrational stability over time, make it suitable for use as a standard.Kiev University. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 2(362), pp. 8–10, February, 1993.     

Influence of solidification conditions on the castability of nickel-base superalloy IN792

The effect of withdrawal rate on hot tearing or solidification cracking during directional solidification (DS) was explored. High withdrawal rates were found to reduce the hot tearing tendency. There is a general refinement of the microstructure when the withdrawal rate is increased. First, the dendrite arm spacing appears smaller. Second, the columnar grain size is reduced. Third, the remaining liquid is finely dispersed and increasingly discontinuous. Finally, a more uniform distribution of strain is obtained because of the presence of more grain boundaries, and grain boundary cohesion becomes stronger due to the elimination of continuous liquid films. The reduced hot tearing susceptibility is attributed to the uniform distribution of strain and stronger grain boundary cohesion.     

国内外2205双相钢连铸坯凝固组织及碳偏析分析

以国内外两家先进不锈钢生产企业的2205双相不锈钢连铸方坯为研究对象,对比分析了其相应的凝固组织特征和宏观碳偏析分布。研究发现,国外2205连铸坯凝固组织柱状晶较为发达,柱状晶比例为76%,宏观碳偏析总体较低;而国内2205连铸坯等轴晶占主要部分,等轴晶比例为58%,存在严重的中心碳偏析。通过进一步对比国外样品柱状晶区和等轴晶区的致密度得出,柱状晶区平均致密度为0.89,高于等轴晶的0.84,高致密度的凝固组织对降低宏观偏析有利。因此,为了获得较为均匀的连铸坯成分和较低的宏观偏析度,合理的柱状晶和等轴晶比例非常重要。     

搅拌剪切作用下凝固组织演变过程的数学描述

分析了凝固组织在搅拌剪切作用下的有效溶质分配系数,将凝固速度和搅拌转速作为凝固组织演变过程的主要因素,建立了凝固组织演变与凝固速度和搅拌转速的数学模型.结果表明:搅拌转速和凝固速度对凝固组织的形貌有较大影响,增大搅拌转速和降低凝固速度有利于提高形状因子.通过与实验结果比较,数学模型与实验结果基本一致.     

镍钛形状记忆合金线坯连续定向凝固温度场的数值模拟

连续定向凝固过程中结晶器的温度分布对固-液界面位置和形状具有重要影响.在建立三维物理模型以及确定材料热物性参数、边界条件与冷却水对流换热系数计算方法的基础上,采用ANSYS有限元软件对不同参数组合条件下镍钛形状记忆合金线坯连续定向凝固的稳态温度场进行了数值模拟.研究结果表明,在所给定的模型及各种参数条件下,镍钛形状记忆合金在结晶器内可以完成凝固过程,且固-液界面呈平直状,具备了进行连续定向凝固制备的基本条件.

     

Cast microstructure of Inconel 713C and its dependence on solidification variables

The dependence of cast microstructure of Inconel 713C on solidification variables was investigated over a wide range of local cooling rates, ∈, and thermal gradients in the liquid at the solid-liquid interface,G. The shape of MC carbide particles was found to depend greatly on: 1) theG/R ratio at the solid-liquid interface, whereR is growth rate, through the effect of this ratio on the solid phase,γ _γ , growth morphology. Under planar front growth conditions the carbide particles were octahedral, under cellular growth conditions they were plate-like, elongated along the cellular growth direction, and under dendritic growth conditions they were irregularly shaped; 2) the local cooling rate, ∈, when γ was dendritic, with a transition from octahedral to dendritic with increasing ∈. The size of MC carbide particles was found to be controlled by coarsening and to become finer with increasing ∈. In this alloy the composition of the MC carbide was established as (Nb_0.63Ti_0.31Mo_0.06) C and was practically independent of local cooling rate. Other observations were that the precipitation of γ′ and the formation of nonequilibrium eutectics, such as MC-γ, γ-γ′ or MC-γ-γ′ were suppressed at splat-cooling rates. Also, microsegregation of all alloying elements with the exception of aluminum was normal, with concentration increasing from the dendrite center-line to the dendrite arm boundary. Aluminum behaved in the opposite manner. Within the cooling rate range used herein, this variable had only a slight effect on microsegregation.     

Effect of solidification conditions on the solidification mode in austenitic stainless steels

The effect of the solidification conditions on the solidification mode in the composition range in which the primary austenitic and ferritic modes compete is studied by varying the welding parameters in gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding and by comparing the results with those obtained from other laboratory experiments. A good agreement holds if the effect of the composition is described by the ratio Cr_eq/Ni_eq (Cr_eq = pct Cr + 1.37 × pct Mo + 1.5 × pct Si + 2 × pct Nb + 3 × pct Ti and Ni_eq = pct Ni + 0.31 × pct Mn + 22 × pct C + 14.2 × pct N + pct Cu) and the effect of the solidification conditions by the growth rate. The critical value of the ratio Cr_eq/Ni_eq corresponding to the transition from primary austenitic to ferritic solidification increases from 1.43 to 1.55 with increasing growth rate. The upper limit is valid in GTA welding at high welding speeds, while the lower limit corresponds to the practical conditions which exist in ingot and shaped casting. The validity and applicability of this solidification model are discussed.     

2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基荧光酮与锡显色反应的研究及应用

研究了新试剂 2 羟基 3 甲氧基苯基荧光酮与锡的显色反应 ,建立了测定铜合金中微量锡的光度分析方法。在硫酸和阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵介质中 ,2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基荧光酮与锡发生灵敏的显色反应。在室温下锡络合物立即形成 ,络合物的组成为锡∶试剂 =1∶3 (摩尔比 ) ,其最大吸收峰位于 5 2 3 5nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.2 5× 10 5,在2 5mL溶液中 ,锡质量在 0～ 3 0 μg之间符合比尔定律。此外 ,锡与此试剂的显色反应具有良好的选择性 ,绝大多数金属离     

喷淋水量分布对C38N2钢大方坯冷却效果的影响

合理的连铸二冷工艺制度是提高非调质钢连铸坯质量的关键。以某钢厂320 mm×480 mm C38N2非调质钢为研究对象,建立了基于大方坯横向水量分布的凝固传热模型,分析二冷区各段喷淋水量分布对铸坯表面温度分布的影响。研究表明,在现行工艺喷淋条件下,二冷一段和二段铸坯边角部喷淋水量较大,铸坯在二冷一段出口内弧和侧弧的表面横向温差分别达到了340 ℃和327 ℃,三段和四段铸坯表面中心喷淋水量较大,铸坯在空冷区内弧和侧弧的表面回温分别为109 ℃/m和125 ℃/m,容易引发角部裂纹和内部裂纹。在此基础上,提出“在二冷一段和二段降低喷淋高度+三段和四段升高喷淋高度”的喷嘴布置方式。水量分布优化后,二冷各段出口表面横向温差基本控制在200 ℃以内,铸坯在空冷区内弧和侧弧表面回温分别降低至95 ℃/m和107 ℃/m,角部回温由94 ℃/m降低至40 ℃/m,降低了裂纹缺陷发生率。研究结果可为该类非调质钢连铸生产提供借鉴。     

Effect of solidification conditions on the solidification sequence of austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels

Unlike the well-known effect of alloy elements in promoting the ferritic or austenitic solidification of stainless and acid-resisting chromium-nickel steels, kinetic effects have as yet not been so widely looked into. For this reason, the impact of the solidification rate on the ratio of the amounts of ferritic and austenitic liquid solidification was investigated for the steels of grades X8CrNiTi18.10 and X8CrNiMoTi18.11. A microanalysis for the determination of the primary ferrite content of samples taken from ingots of different size and at different distances from the ingot surface for a total of 161 heats revealed the following:

• – Increasing solidification rate causes the primary ferrite content produced during solidification to rise for steels with peritectic solidification sequence due to the resultant approach of the distribution coefficient to unity.
• – Increasing solidification rate causes the austenite content to rise for steels with a primary simultaneous crystallization of austenite and ferrite due to a low total segregation in case of austenite crystallization as compared with ferrite crystallization.
• – The effect of an elevated solidification rate is qualitatively equivalent to a shift of the saturation lines of the three-phase space l+δ+γ in the Fe—Ni—Cr ternary system for liquid and γ-crystals in the direction S with the two saturation lines approaching each other. Hence, contrary to what is expected according to the equilibrium diagram of Schürmann and Brauckmann, austenitic Cr—Ni steels solidify primarily in peritectic mode and, in the area of the line of the double-saturated liquid, through a primary simultaneous crystallization of austenite and ferrite.
• – The boundary composition between primary ferritic and primary austenitic crystallization changes with an increase in cooling rate by seven orders of magnitude from 1.25 to 1.70 as expressed in the ratio of the Cr—Ni equivalents according to Hammar and Svensson.

     

一维链状镍配合物[Ni(C14H10N2O2)(Mf)]n的合成和晶体结构

合成了含水杨醛缩苯甲酰腙的一维链状镍配合物[Ni(C14H10N2O2)(Mf)]n(Mf=C4H9NO,即吗啡啉),通过元素分析,红外、电子光谱和X-射线单晶衍射进行了表征.晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c,a=0.9708(4)nm,b=1.4783(7)nm,c=1.2275(4)nm,β=95.728(14)°,V=1.7528(12)nm3,Z=4,Mr=384.07,Dc=1.455 g·cm-3,μ=1.129mm-1,F(000)=800,R=0.0759,wR=0.2155.中心镍离子与水杨醛缩苯甲酰腙配体提供的2个氧原子与1个氮原子以及1个配位吗啡啉的氮原子配位,形成了N2O2的平面四边形的配位构型.晶体内每个配合物分子通过分子间氢键与相邻另一个配合物分子缔合成一个沿c轴方向的一维链状结构,N…N氢键键长为0.3239(10)nm,N-H…N氢键键角为173.56 °.     

低碳钢和中碳钢连铸方坯初始凝固的对比研究

以低碳钢和中碳钢为研究对象,围绕不同连铸工艺参数对方坯初始凝固行为的影响,利用CA-FE耦合模型模拟实际连铸过程结晶器内方坯的初始凝固行为,考察拉速和过热度对方坯出结晶器坯壳厚度的影响,对比二者出结晶器横截面枝晶微观形貌.研究表明:过热度和拉速增加均能使出结晶器坯壳厚度下降,而拉速的影响更为显著.不同钢种在相同条件下出结晶器坯壳厚度下降梯度不同.过热度越低柱状晶越致密细小,利于提高连铸坯质量,拉速对柱状晶的影响相对较小.由于出结晶器坯壳安全厚度限制,过热度取15℃,低碳钢拉速不能超过2.2 m·min^-1,中碳钢拉速不能超过2.5 m·min^-1,据此针对不同钢种设计不同拉速可提高连铸效率.同时,模型结果显示低碳钢出结晶器时刻柱状晶更为发达.