优化EMS服务器负荷分担,提高系统稳定性

EMS系统在能源企业的自动化控制中起着至关重要的作用,而服务器又是EMS系统的核心设备更是举足轻重,如何提高、改善服务器的稳定性,成为当下一个非常关键的课题。     

梅钢计算机能源管理系统介绍

介绍了一种先进的计算机能源管理系统EMS，阐述了它的系统组成、功能。能源管理系统（EMS）的建立将对梅山钢铰公司能源系统的统一调度、优化煤气平衡、减少煤气放散、降低吨钢能耗、提高能源管理水平起到了十分明显的作用。     

EMS系统在实现钢铁企业能源生产零故障中的作用

介绍了EMS系统在马钢新区能源生产、调配生产中的异常和事故中的作用。在故障发生前、发生时EMS系统都能迅速从全局的角度了解系统的运行状况,故障的影响程度等,及时采取有效的措施,限制故障范围的进一步扩大,对实现能源生产线的零故障起到了有效的作用。     

能源管控系统在天铁电力与水系统的应用

企业能源管理中心(简称EMS)借助于完善的数据采集网络获取生产过程的重要参数和相关能源数据,确保能源系统平衡调整的科学性、及时性和合理性,从而提高能源利用水平,保证生产及动力工艺系统的稳定性和经济性,并最终实现提高整体能源利用效率的目的。详述了EMS在天铁的应用情况。     

钢铁能源管理系统发展现状与展望

介绍了钢铁能源管理系统(EMS),结合目前国内外钢厂能源管理系统的现状,提出了4个钢铁企业能源系统发展的方向。在单体设备节能潜力越来越小的趋势下,EMS的发展将更加受重视。     

西门子SCALANCE X系列交换机在湛江钢铁EMS项目的应用

介绍了宝钢湛江钢铁有限公司能源管理系统(EMS)的构成及西门子SCALANCE X系列交换机的组成、功能和应用体会,通过详述此系统中西门子交换机选型、配置和实现的整个过程,使读者了解EMS中工业交换机选型和配置的基本思路,为类似应用提供参考。     

CITECT软件在南钢EMS系统中的应用

介绍了组态软件Citect5.5的功能,并根据能源管理系统功能的特点,详细阐述了EMS系统的组成、软硬件配置、数据通信方式、监控组态软件的设计、实现TEXT数据文件生成以及文件传递。     

连铸电磁搅拌的现状和展望

本文简介国外连铸EMS发展概况,浅论EMS改善连铸坯质量的基本原理,分析各种搅拌器的特点和不同搅拌方法冶金功能。还提出了目前连铸EMS作用过程中存在的某些问题。最后结合我国情况,对开发连铸EMS提出了一些初步看法。     

利用图像处理技术优化钢坯连铸机电磁搅拌系统以改进方坯质量

为方坯连铸机电磁搅拌系统（EMS）制定最佳的电流与频率组合是确保坯料具有良好内部、表面以及亚表面质量的关键。在本次研究中，通过采用图像处理技术，对电流和频率值进行了极为有效的优化。浇铸期间，EMS的电流和频率分别在240～300A和3～5Hz之间波动，并收集了相应的坯料试样。另外，还从浇铸炉次的开始、中间和结束阶段收集了试样以评估中包过热度的影响。采用超声波C-扫描仪扫描了收集到的试样以获得试样的全彩色图像。使用Matlab图像处理工具箱在RGB颜色空间内对获取的图像进行处理与分析。最后，比较经图像处理后得到的每一种钢种的各种缺陷数据，以此确定EMS参数的最佳组合。通过实验发现，几乎所有的闭式浇铸钢种，随着EMS的电流提高至280A，等轴晶区的长度也会明显增加。当EMS的电流超过280A时，等轴晶区的长度略微有所增加，但坯料表面处的结晶器保护渣卷渣以及浸入式水口侵蚀的几率也随之增大。亚表面的中心收缩量和中心裂纹在EMS的电流高达280A时明显减少。采用3Hz的EMS频率后，钢坯质量虽然有所改善，但改善的幅度并不大。     

EMS系统在钢铁厂能源中心的应用

介绍了设于钢铁厂能源中心的用计算机网络构成的集中管理和远程遥控遥测的能源管理系统(简称EMS系统)，分析了系统的软硬件结构、数据的采集和监控理念，并对该系统主要功能的实现和系统的实际应用情况进行了描述。     

能源监控系统(EMS)在宝钢不锈钢分公司的应用

主要介绍宝钢不锈钢分公司用于能源系统电力、动力、水道等集中调度的能源监控系统（EMS）。该系统应用信息技术将分散在全公司的公用辅助单元组成一个三电一体化的监控系统，为能源调度、管理提供了强大的支持。它的应用改变了公司传统的能源调度管理模式，提升了能源调度管理水平，从能源管理方面为公司节能降耗做出了贡献。     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of potential improvements to emergency medical services for victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To measure the incremental cost-effectiveness of various improvements to emergency medical services (EMS) systems aimed at increasing survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS: We performed cost-effectiveness analysis based on (1) metaanalysis of effectiveness of the various EMS systems, (2) costing of each component of EMS systems, (3) modeling of the relationship between the proportion of cardiac arrest victims who receive CPR and the proportion of individuals trained, (4) modeling of the relationship between response time interval and the characteristics of the EMS system, (5) measurement of quality of life, and (6) decision analysis to combine the results of the first five components. RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for a 48-second improvement in mean response time in a one-tier EMS system yielded by the addition of more EMS providers was $368,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). For improved response time in a two-tier EMS system by the addition of more basic life support (BLS)/BLS-defibrillator (BLS-D) providers to the first tier, the ratio was $53,000 per QALY with pump vehicles or $159,000 per QALY with ambulances. Change from a one-tier EMS to a two-tier EMS system by the addition of initial BLS/BLS-D providers in pump vehicles as the first tier was associated with a cost per QALY of $40,000. Change from one-tier EMS to two-tier EMS by the addition of initial BLS/BLS-D providers in ambulances as the first tier was associated with a cost per QALY of $94,000. CONCLUSION: The most attractive options in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness were improved response time in a two-tier EMS system or change from a one-tier to a two-tier EMS system. Future research should be directed toward identification of the costs of instituting the first tier of a two-tier EMS system and identification of cost-effective methods of improving response time.     

Serum sialic acid and its relationship to various haematological parameters, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Policies regarding ambulance diversion are critical to ensuring that EMS providers are aware of appropriate patient destinations, even before patients enter the system. Field EMS personnel should never be requested to prolong transport time intervals to search for an available hospital at the potential expense of patients' conditions and the immediate availability of out-of-hospital emergency care for the community. The responsibility for providing efficient emergency care to the community rests with all those who contribute to EMS structures and processes. All EMS system participants, including hospitals, EMS providers, local and regional lead agencies, and medical oversight authorities, must work together to create comprehensive ambulance diversion policies that satisfactorily meet each other's needs, while maintaining the highest regard for the needs of EMS patients and the entire community.     

结晶器电磁搅拌器的内腔磁场和端部漏磁的数值模拟

借助有限元分析与试验测量相结合的方法,分别研究了相同铁芯高度和安匝数下凸极式和环形式铁芯结晶器电磁搅拌器的内腔磁场和端部漏磁。研究表明,模拟结果与试验结果一致。在搅拌器内腔正中心沿拉速方向(轴向z)上,凸极式和环形式铁芯电磁搅拌器的磁感应强度变化趋势一致,都沿z轴正向变化平缓。而向铁芯表面逐渐靠近时,凸极式电磁搅拌器的磁感应强度沿z轴先逐渐增大,在距搅拌器水平中心面约150mm的铁芯端部达到最大峰值,然后由端部向外急剧降低,呈“山峰”状的分布趋势。在越贴近搅拌器铁芯表面处,这种磁场分布趋势越明显,即端部漏磁越明显。而与凸极式铁芯电磁搅拌器相比较,环形式铁芯电磁搅拌器的端部漏磁明显小很多。磁感应强度沿z轴的变化相对比较平缓,仅在线圈端部约225mm处出现一个较小的峰值,而后陡降,其分布呈“悬崖”状。     

小方坯凝固末端电磁搅拌的磁场数值模拟

 利用ANSYS软件对160 mm×160 mm小方坯凝固末端电磁搅拌器所产生的电磁场分布进行了模拟。计算了小方坯内部磁场分布情况,同时计算出在不同搅拌电流条件下的铸坯凝固末端凝固前沿钢液液芯所受的电磁力与钢液的转速。结果表明,铸坯凝固前沿磁感应强度、电磁力及钢液转速均随着搅拌电流的增加而增大。结合实际生产情况,确定凝固末端液芯半径为175 mm,电磁搅拌频率为6 Hz时,最佳搅拌电流为400 A,此状态下凝固前沿由电磁力引起的钢液最大转速为12 r/s。     

方坯连铸二冷区电磁旋转搅拌数值模拟

运用电磁流体力学基本理论及磁场边界更新法,给出了方坯连铸二冷区电磁旋转搅拌的数学模型,并利用CFX软件进行了钢液流场和磁场的数值模拟,结果表明,外加水平波磁场可以在搅拌区域内产生电磁力,使钢液在水平方向形成旋转流动,而在垂直方向形成不均匀流动,电源频率和电流强度对旋转搅拌强度有影响。     

The principal physician in emergency medicine

The implementation of an experienced pre-hospital care emergency physician as an on the-scene medical command officer (MCO) within the emergency medical service (EMS) is an essential prerequisite to guarantee qualified medical supervision during mass-casuality incidents (MCI). The MCO has four basic functions. Within the administration of the EMS system, he is responsible for the medical aspects of strategic planning for the MCI response. During the MCI the MCO is responsible for the overall assessment of the situation, triage, and supervision of medical treatment by physician and non-physician providers. Aside from extensive personal experience in pre-hospital care, the MCO needs special training to be qualified for this position. State EMS laws provide the legal basis for the MCO within the EMS system.     

Finite element analysis of trabecular bone structure: a comparison of image-based meshing techniques

OBJECTIVE: To report a qualitative evaluation of the Partnerships in Health Care/EMS Project between Poland and the United States. The goal of the partnership was to strengthen the emergency medical services (EMS) system in three Polish cities, Krakow, Bialystok, and Lodz. METHODS: The Polish participants were interviewed in Poland approximately eight months after a U.S.-based training program. They were asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the partnership project and discuss their experiences incorporating U.S. emergency medicine (EM) knowledge and technology in the Polish EMS system. RESULTS: The Polish physicians identified three major factors that had the greatest impact on the implementation of U.S. EM knowledge in Poland. These factors were the substantive differences between Polish and U.S. EM knowledge and technology, staffing differences in Polish and U.S. ambulances, and the differing role the EMS system plays in the delivery of primary care in the two countries. CONCLUSIONS: The Polish physicians succeeded in training EM providers in the three cities, thus strengthening clinical skills of EMS providers. They also were able to adapt the principles of U.S. EM that they had learned to fit the specific circumstances that characterize Polish emergency care. As in the United States, the health care system in Poland is inseparable from the social, political, and economic realities of the nation.     

Performance of ANFIS Coupled with PSO in Manufacturing Superior Wear Resistant Aluminum Matrix Nano Composites

In this study, ANFIS was combined with PSO in order to optimize the parameters in pressure assisted semi solid processing of A360 aluminum matrix nano composites. ANFIS was utilized to calculate the objective function, which was later minimized using PSO. Combination of EMS semi solid processing and pressure assistance during solidification resulted in improvement of microstructural features and tribological properties. Globular grain structure was formed in the pressure assisted EMS parts. Tribological properties were investigated using pin on disk. It was noted that wear properties of EMS parts were benefited from the refinement of the primary α-Al phase and uniform distribution of the particles. EMS composites showed higher hardness than conventional cast parts, consequently there was a lower real area of contact and therefore lower wear rate. Moreover, hard dispersoid made the virgin alloy plastically constrained and improved their wear resistance.     

Isoforms p69 and p100 of 2'',5''-oligoadenylate synthetase induced differentially by interferons in vivo and in vitro

There is no better place to test life-saving resuscitation interventions than in the prehospital setting. Patients rarely survive cardiac arrest if resuscitation techniques have failed before leaving the scene. Also, paramedics are usually very experienced in key initial resuscitative techniques, and they routinely operate under strict paramilitary protocol, resulting in better study compliance. In addition, the large study populations that are derived from emergency medical services (EMS) systems lead to faster study completion and statistically stronger data. Most important, by reinforcing standardized care, rigidly scrutinized trials improve patient care, regardless of the effect of the study intervention. The success of productive EMS research centers requires routine communication between hospital and EMS administrators and their medical directors, designation of mutually acceptable data collectors who guarantee confidentiality, reciprocal exchange of study data provided as educational seminars to the hospitals, commitments to support the budget requests of an EMS program and appropriate system modifications, inclusion of EMS personnel in study design from the very beginning, prospective education of the medical community and media before protocol implementation, an authoritative grassroots medical director, and a paramedic supervisor system.