Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Clay Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber

Abstract

The effect of treatment of coupling agent [Bis (3-triethoxy-silyl-propyl) tetrasulphide] on mechanical properties of composites made from styrene butadiene rubber and clay is reported in this paper. The coupling agent in the form of solution (1.0%) was used for treatment of the filler. The treatment resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties of composites when compared with composites containing untreated clay. The properties under consideration were tensile strength, modulus at 100% and 400%, Young's modulus, hardness, etc. Good reinforcement was observed due to treatment of 1% coupling agent. Tensile strength was improved by 11%, modulus at 400% was found to improve by 237%, elongation at break was improved by 250%, while Young's modulus also was improved by 298% for treated clay composites, respectively, at 0.41 volume fraction when compared with untreated clay composites.     

硅烷偶联剂对硅橡胶性能的影响

研究了硅烷偶联剂Ａ－１７２、Ａ－１５１和Ａ－１８９对甲基乙烯基硅橡胶的硫化特性、硫化胶的力学性能以及硅橡胶与合金铝剪切粘合强度的影响。结果表明,３种硅烷偶联剂都会降低硅橡胶的硫化速度,减小转矩;Ａ－１７２和Ａ－１５１都能提高硅橡胶的力学性能和粘合强度。硅烷偶联剂的最佳用量为２￣４ｐｈｒ。     

硫化剂对硅橡胶性能的影响

考察硫化剂TX-29、双2,5、双2,4和DCP对硅橡胶硫化特性和物理性能的影响。试验结果表明:采用硫化剂DCP的硅橡胶的综合物理性能最佳;可根据生产工艺、成本和性能要求,选用不同的硫化剂来实现产品性能目标。     

Mechanism of dielectric‐barrier discharge initiated wet‐strength development

The fundamental mechanism of wet‐strength development for dielectric‐barrier discharge treated thermomechanical pulp fibers was explored. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), vapor phase fluorine surface derivatization followed by ESCA, and dynamic contact angle analysis were performed to assess the surface chemistry in terms of both chemical functionality and wettability. Effects of the intensity of dielectric‐barrier discharge treatment on the surface chemistry of lignocellulosic fibers and the corresponding impacts to fiber wet‐tensile properties are described. This study indicates that low treatment intensities result in increased wettability due to surface oxidation, which leads to a small reduction in wet‐tensile index. However, increased treatment intensity brings about diminished wettability due to covalent crosslinking, which leads to increases in wet‐tensile index. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2219–2225, 2005     

硅烷偶联剂对白炭黑胶料性能的影响

研究硅烷偶联剂Si75和NXT对白炭黑胶料性能的影响。结果表明,与偶联剂Si75胶料相比,偶联剂NXT胶料的门尼粘度较低,硫化时间较长,定伸应力和拉伸强度较小,拉断伸长率较大,动态性能差别不大。     

硅烷偶联剂对粉煤灰/废胶粉复合材料性能的影响

在废胶粉和粉煤灰中加入硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)或双-[γ-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]四硫化物(Si-69),制备粉煤灰/废胶粉(FA/URP)复合材料。研究了KH-550和Si-69的用量和加入方式对试样的力学性能及耐热性能的影响。并用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)进行了表征。结果表明:用Si-69对粉煤灰的改性效果好于KH-550;最佳用量和加入方式为Si-69 1.0份,硅烷偶联剂先与粉煤灰混合,而后再与废胶粉混合。SEM证实Si-69/FA/URP比KH-550/FA/URP的相容性好;FT-IR证明了硅烷偶联剂中的Si—OH和粉煤灰表面的—OH发生脱水缩合,形成了Si—O键;在此条件下制得的粉煤灰/废胶粉复合材料具有很好的力学性能。邵尔A硬度为84度,拉伸强度为6.8 MPa,扯断伸长率为49%,磨耗为1.3 cm3/km,可以作为板材或铺路材料。     

不同硅烷偶联剂对电子布性能影响

电子布的化学处理离不开硅烷偶联剂的作用,分析了电子布常用3种硅烷偶联剂的特性,并分析了其对电子布以及半固化片性能的影响。同时呼吁行业内不断改进偶联剂Z-032、Z-132的性能,使其能更好的满足电子布及半固化片的需要。     

硅烷偶联剂KH550对炭黑填充天然橡胶性能的影响

研究不同用量的硅烷偶联剂KH550对炭黑填充天然橡胶的硫化特性、物理性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂KH550的加入缩短了焦烧时间和正硫化时间;硅烷偶联剂KH550添加量为2份时邵尔A型硬度和拉伸强度达到最大值,拉断伸长率有所降低,回弹性和压缩永久变形性能有明显改善;硅烷偶联剂KH550的加入能有效降低炭黑的Payne效应,提高胶料的交联密度及炭黑的分散性,硫化胶损耗因子和动态生热降低,动态力学性能明显改善。     

周期载荷下的阻尼硅橡胶动态粘弹性研究

研究了阻尼硅橡胶的非线性粘弹行为及在周期载荷下的动态粘弹性能变化。结果表明,在周期性载荷作用下,阻尼硅橡胶表现出非线性粘弹行为,且在疲劳后此种非线性特征更为明显;阻尼硅橡胶的疲劳过程分为3个阶段,分别为模量稳定阶段、微观损伤阶段及宏观损伤阶段;达到第3阶段时,基本可以判定硅橡胶材料达到了疲劳损伤寿命。     

特种橡胶用硅烷助剂的研制与开发

本文综述了特种橡胶用有机硅烷助剂—过氧化物类硅烷偶联剂、烷（酰）氧基类硅烷偶联剂的应用、开发、研制情况     

The Effect of Ethylene Diamine Dilaurate and Silane Coupling Agent on Cure Characteristics,Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Composites

The influence of a new coupling agent, ethylene diamine dilaurate (EDD) and a commercial silane coupling agent, (Si-69) on the cure characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) composites was studied. The results show that scorch time and cure time decreased with an increase in both coupling agents' content, but maximum and minimum torques exhibit the opposite trend. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and tensile modulus, M100 and M300, increased with increasing both coupling agents' content but at a similar coupling agent content, silica-filled natural rubber composites with Si-69 exhibit better tensile strength (more than 2 phr) and tensile modulus than does EDD. Elongation at break (Eb) of silica-filled natural rubber increased with increasing EDD content but Si-69 exhibits the opposite trend. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of tensile fracture surfaces shows the better tensile strength of silica-filled natural rubber composites with Si-69 and EDD over control composites (without EDD or Si-69). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicate that silica-filled NR composites with EDD have higher thermal stability than Si-69. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) provided an evidence of interaction between EDD and Si-69 with silica in NR composites.     

Effect of Titanate Coupling Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Flyash Filled Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of treatment of coupling agent [(neopentyl (diallyl) oxy, trineodecanonyl titanate) (LICA 01)] on mechanical properties of composites made from chloroprene rubber and flyash is reported here. A 1% coupling agent was selected for the treatment of the flyash filler. The treatment resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties of composites of the said rubber when compared with untreated flyash composites separately. The properties under consideration were tensile strength, moduli at 100% and 400%, Young's modulus, hardness, etc. Tensile strength was improved by 1365%, modulus at 400% was found to improve by 1410%, while Young's modulus was improved by 1216%.     

凝固方法对天然橡胶力学性能的影响

研究了三种不同凝固方法对天然橡胶性能和炭黑/天然橡胶硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用十二烷基硫酸钠和氯化钙凝固制得的天然橡胶达到5号标准橡胶的质量,其力学性能比用醋酸凝固所制得的天然橡胶的力学性能要好。     

Reinforcement of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber with Silica Modified by Silane Coupling Agents Experimental and Theoretical Chemistry Study

The properties of styrene-butadiene rubber （SBR） reinforced by modified silica was investigated according to national standards. Silica was modified by silane coupling agents KH-570, KH-590, and KH-792. The optimized geometries of molecular modified silica reinforced SBR were obtained by using B3LYP calculation of density functional theory with the 6-31＋G basis sets. The natural bond orbital analyses were carried out. The Si-O bond length of silica modified by KH-792 was the shortest and the electronegative of O was the highest. It indicated that the connection between silica and KH-792 was the tightest. Higher tensile strength and elongation of reinforced SBR was obtained by silica modified with the KH-792. It was caused by large delocalization of lone pair electrons of the two N atoms in KH-792. The S-C bond length in silica modified by KH-590 was longer than the ordinary S-C bond length. Then the sulfur free radical （·S·） was produced more easily in vulcanization. The degree of crosslink was increased by the cross-linkage of the rubber molecule and the sulfur free radical. That was why the highest stress and tear strength of reinforced SBR was produced when silane coupling agent KH-590 was used. The calculation results was in accord with experimental data.     

硅烷偶联剂在橡胶复合材料中的研究进展

介绍了国内外硅烷偶联剂在橡胶复合材料中的研究进展;简述了硅烷偶联剂的作用机理,指出了硅烷偶联剂未来的发展趋势和应用前景。     

不同硅烷偶联剂对填充胶料硫化反应的影响

研究了硅烷偶联剂对白炭黑填充胶料的硫化反应的影响,探讨了硅烷偶联剂种类和用量对胶料性能的影响。结果表明,在使用白炭黑的SBR胶料配方中加入硅烷偶联剂,可以促进胶料的硫化反应,缩短硫化时间,提高生产效率。在本文所采用的硅烷偶联剂中,Si69对胶料的硫化反应具有最大的促进作用,并促进胶料和填料之间形成了最强的相互作用。     

Influence of Particle Type and Silane Coupling Agent on Properties of Particle-Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

Silica- and carbon-filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were prepared. The influence of particle type and silane coupling agent on cure characteristics, physical and dynamic mechanical properties of particle-reinforced SBR were investigated. Minimum torque, maximum torque and tensile strength increased with increase of the filler content. The tensile strength and elongation at break were highest for presence of bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) in silica-filled vulcanizates. The dynamic mechanical properties show that tan δ at temperatures of ?20–0°C of the SiO₂/TESPT/SBR vulcanizate was highest of all. Tan δ at temperatures of 50–70°C of the SiO₂/TESPT/SBR vulcanizate was lower than carbon-filled SBR.     

Viscoelastic characterization of uncured NR/Cel II compositions

In this work three types of equipments were used, namely, rubber process analyzer (RPA 2000), Mooney viscometer, and dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer, to characterize natural rubber mixtures containing different amounts of regenerated celulose (Cel II) as filler. The RPA 2000 is a new dynamic rheological tester that can analyze raw polymers and masterbatches as well as rubber compounds before, during, and after cure. The Mooney viscometer is probably the most widely used method for measuring shearing viscosity of unvulcanized rubbers or rubber compositions. DMTA is used to assess filler–rubber interactions. In the present investigation, RPA tests on unvulcanized natural rubber and regenerated cellulose (Cel II) mixtures were carried out using strain and frequency sweeps, and the Mooney viscosities were determined using the relaxation accessory and the small rotor. DMTA data were taken at a fixed frequency and temperature sweep. The filler content was increased up to 30 phr. Compositions were prepared by cocoagulation of natural latex and cellulose xanthate mixtures. The results showed a good dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix and its large influence on rheological and dynamic properties of the resulting compositions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2125–2131, 2005     

溶聚丁苯橡胶乙烯基含量对其与硅烷偶联剂相互作用的影响

研究溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）的乙烯基含量对其与普通硅烷偶联剂TESPT和巯基硅烷偶联剂Si747相互作用以及白炭黑分散性的影响。结果表明：采用硅烷偶联剂TESPT时,SSBR中乙烯基含量不是影响其与硅烷交联及白炭黑分散性的主要因素;采用硅烷偶联剂Si747时,SSBR中乙烯基含量越大,SSBR与硅烷的交联程度越大,白炭黑的分散性越好。