城乡规划与智慧城市理论研究评析

本文通过梳理智慧城市在城乡规划专业领域的理论研究,从规划编制、空间组织、规划管理、评价体系四个方面阐述在规划领域产生的变革,最后从价值取向、公众参与和应用研究三个角度提出对智慧城市热潮的思考。     

Smart City implementation and discourses: An integrated conceptual model. The case of Vienna

In recent years many initiatives have been developed under the Smart City label in a bid to provide a response to challenges facing cities today. The concept has evolved from a sector-based approach to a more comprehensive view that places governance and stakeholders' involvement at the core of strategies. However, Smart City implementation requires lowering the scale from the strategy to the project level. Therefore, the ability of Smart City initiatives to provide an integrated and systematic answer to urban challenges is constantly being called into question. Stakeholder involvement in both the projects and the city strategy is key to developing a governance framework that allows an integrated and comprehensive understanding. This can only be done if Smart City strategies take the stakeholders' opinion into account and seek a compromise between their views and the implementation of the strategy.Multiple attempts have been made to analyse Smart Cities, but tools are needed to understand their complexity and reflect the stakeholders' role in developing Smart City initiatives and their capacity to face urban challenges. This paper pursues two objectives: (A) to develop a conceptual model capable of displaying an overview of (a) the stakeholders taking part in the initiative in relation to (b) the projects developed and (c) the challenges they face; and (B) to use this model to synthesise the opinion of different stakeholders involved in Smart City initiatives and compare their attitudes to the key projects implemented in a corresponding SC strategy. The methodology combines project analysis with surveys and interviews with different groups of key stakeholders (governments, private companies, universities and research centres, and civil society) through text analysis. The conceptual model is developed through discussions with different European stakeholders and is applied to the case of the Vienna Smart City strategy.     

“智慧城市”背景下的城市规划刨新

“智慧城市”是在全球广泛展开的未来城市发展的新理念和新实践,必然会对城市规划这一控制土地和空间资源的重要公共政策产生影响,并要求城市规划做出相应变化与之接轨.通过阐述“智慧城市”的内涵及其对城市规划的意义,从理念与实践两大视角重点分析了“智慧城市”背景下的城市规划创新,以期突破传统的城市规划实践的局限性,进而实现智慧的城市规划.     

From Jacobs to the Just City: A foundation for challenging the green planning orthodoxy

Now that Jane Jacobs' ideas are seen as urban planning orthodoxy, it is unclear how her institutional goal of progressive change for the field will carry forward. In the 1960s, Jacobs created the conditions for institutional change by offering a thorough critique of the “Radiant Garden City Beautiful” orthodoxy of urban planning and presenting a solution for the problems that she saw with this approach. She argued that the top-down, design-oriented planning of her time hurt the lives of individual residents and diminished society as a whole. Her solution was a new way of seeing the city: as a functional and efficient social system. Since the 1990s, a global planning orthodoxy – of which Jacobs' ideas are part – developed around the “Smart Sustainable Resilient City.” This orthodoxy has been subject to critique, but Susan Fainstein's Just City theory offers tools for comprehensively challenging the approach and a solution for addressing the problems. In order to demonstrate the need for institutional change within the Smart Sustainable Resilient City orthodoxy, I use the Just City theoretical perspective to interpret the results of an analysis of green gentrification in New York City between 1990 and 2014. I argue that the over-valuation of Jacobsian diversity within the current urban planning orthodoxy generates unjust outcomes. The just green city, then, requires de-emphasizing Jacobs' intellectual project in favor of her far more important institutional project.     

感知智慧城市概论

文章分析了智慧城市的发展历程、阐述了智慧城市的概念,提出了智慧城市的整体架构,研究了智慧城市的建设内容及关键技术,探讨了智慧城市建设未来展望。     

浅谈“智慧城市”与智慧城市空间布局的关系

目前的“智慧城市”实践多处于概念构建期,人们对其理解往往局限于技术层面,从城市实体空间布局的角度研究“智慧城市”是一个值得引起关注的论题.通过理解智慧城市的概念和特征,分析智慧城市建设的作用和目标,探讨智慧城市与城市空间布局的关系,进而提出智慧城市建设应着重把握的几个问题.希望对知识信息时代智慧城市基础设施建设,乃至于空间发展模式的更深入、广泛的思考和研究有所启示.     

Incorporating a Systemic and Foresight Approach into Smart City Initiatives: The Case of Spanish Cities

At the dawn of the twenty-first century, cities face serious societal, economic, environmental, and governance challenges. Under the term “Smart City,” numerous technology-based initiatives are emerging to help cities face contemporary challenges while the concept itself is evolving towards a more holistic approach. Nevertheless, the capability of smart initiatives to provide an integrated vision of our cities is still very limited. Eventually, many of these initiatives do not fulfill satisfactorily their initial objectives because they fail to understand the complexity, diversity, and uncertainty that characterize contemporary cities. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to display an urban functional system, capable of interpreting the city in a more holistic way, and to incorporate foresight tools so as to formulate Smart City visions in a more participatory way with the involvement of local stakeholders.     

基于城市规划视角的我国智慧城市建设思考分析

城市规划与智慧城市都旨在使城市得到健康可持续的发展,为城市居民创造更美好的生活.城市规划发展历程中的诸多理念都与智慧城市的内涵、目标相通,从已趋成熟的城市规划体系入手确实可以为新兴的智慧城市建设带来一定的启发.基于以上分析,分别对智慧城市的规划方式、规划理念、规划决策、组织机制、城市形态和城市管理这一建设全过程的各个方面所得的借鉴意义进行了详细阐述.     

智慧城市始于智慧设计

在智慧城市设计的各个领域中,科技最受关注,而空间设计最不受关注。但从城市建设的角度来看,现实应该正好相反。成功的智慧城市首先需要从根本上保持大城市始终具有的基本特质,它们必须是可以反复记录人类生活复杂性和多样性的载体。当前城市中的智能化数字网络必不可少,也应该加以整合,但我们更应该重点关注卓越的实际城市场所营造。目前,多伦多可能是全球最受瞩目的智慧城市创意试验场,基于此,主要详细介绍Sasaki事务所在多伦多大都市区设计的2个案例研究。     

A conceptual framework for the alignment of infrastructure assets to citizen requirements within a Smart Cities framework

With the predicted world population growth of 83 million people per year (increasing 1.09% year on year) compounded with a strong trend for migration to urban centres, there is a developing interest by academics, industry and government to the digitalisation of the built environment and its potential impact on private enterprises, public services and the broader context of society. The governments around the world and others are aiming to guide and standardise this process by developing an array of standards to support this digitalisation, most notably on Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Smart Cities Framework. Furthermore, the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) is creating a highly flexible, dynamic and accessible platform for the exchange capture and of information. There is a risk that this information on the built environment is quickly becoming unmanageable, and the value of that information is quickly becoming lost. This paper presents a smart asset alignment framework that creates an alignment between the information captured at the infrastructure asset level and citizen requirements within a Smart City framework. The framework contributes to the debate on designing and developing Smart City solutions in a way that will deliver value to the citizens.     

Smart City and information technology: A review

Smart City is a recent concept that is gaining momentum in public opinion, and thus, it is making its way into the agendas of researchers and city authorities all over the world. However, there is no consensus of what exactly is a smart city, and academic research is, at best, building applications in numerous silos. This paper explores the computer science and information technology literature about Smart City. Using data analysis techniques, we contribute to present the domain from an objective data-based point of view, aiming to highlight its major trends, and providing a single entry point for newcomers.     

Sustainable smart city development framework for developing countries

ABSTRACT

Basic requirements of sustainable smart cities in a developing country are the entitlement of facilities. Here, an index named Smart Sustainable City Development Index (SSCDI) has been developed for three Indian Smart Cities. A hierarchical method has been used to construct the index with multiple layers of indicators capturing characteristics of the dimensions such as social, economic, environment, culture and lifestyle. This index is used to assess performances of the three case study cities based on the scores in various indicators. This SSCDI framework provides a conceptual landscape for developing countries for planning their sustainable urban development and evaluation of performances.     

智慧景区的内涵与总体框架研究

在解读智慧地球、智慧城市概念的基础上,根据风景名胜区资源保护、业务管理、旅游经营、公众服务、决策支持的需要,探讨了智慧景区的内涵;然后集成应用信息技术的最新发展成果,提出了智慧景区建设的总体框架,包括:信息基础设施、数据基础设施、共享服务设施3个平台,资源保护系统、业务管理系统、旅游经营系统、公众服务系统、决策支持系统五大系统,以及管理政策、运行机制、资金投入、信息技术、规范标准、人才队伍和安全保障7项保障.同时,构建了智慧景区涵盖网络层、数据层、服务层、应用层和决策层5个层次的体系结构,并分析了构建智慧景区的3个突出优势.对于我国智慧景区的规划与建设具有很好的促进作用.     

City profile: Jaipur

Jaipur is the tenth largest metropolitan region in India, grown to be a popular tourist destination and a centre of business, commerce, and education. It has been the central focus of the state governments' visioning strategies by virtue of it being an urban heritage and the capital of state of Rajasthan, hence the efforts have been made to develop it into the ‘world-class’ city. After the inclusion of Jaipur City in the Smart City Program, the city is expected to undergo massive urban restructuring. This paper presents an outline of the history and planning of Jaipur, followed by an exploration of emerging urban and infrastructural challenges with a focus on management and governance.     

基于iData数据工厂的地形图入库方案及关键技术研究

地形图数据入库是智慧城市基础地理信息建设中非常重要的内容。文章先是对目前行业内相关技术发展现状进行了阐述,分析了地形图入库的难点,然后介绍了iData数据工厂的地形图入库流程,同时根据相关项目设计了相应的数据库模板和入库转换方案,并将其投入应用。结果表明,基于iData数据工厂的地形图入库方案不仅操作简便,易于掌握,且灵活度高,适用范围广,是一种高效的数据处理方法。     

LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

Abstract

Gender and Planning: A Reader

Four Trends Illuminating Gender, Planning, and Cities

Honoring the Landmarks of Feminist Planning Thought while Embracing the Future

Planning and Gender as Seen from the Global South

Cities, Gender, and Diversity: New Ways to Address Marginality in Gender-Conscious Planning

Gender and Planning for Students: A Partial and Welcome Reader

Methods, Information Systems, and Mapping

Making Maps: A Visual Guide to Map Design for GIS

Cities and Complexity: Understanding Cities with Cellular Automata, Agent-Based Models, and Fractals

Land Use, Zoning, Growth Management, and Planning Law

Planning Policy and Politics: Smart Growth and the States

Urban Place: Reconnecting with the Natural World

Community Development and Neighborhood Planning

Skinny Streets and Green Neighborhoods: Design for Environment and Community

Streets and Patterns

Partnerships for Smart Growth: University-Community Collaboration for Better Public Places

The University as Urban Developer: Case Studies and Analysis

Promise and Betrayal: Universities and the Battle for Sustainable Urban Neighborhoods

The Politics of Public Space

The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space

Transportation

The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro

Alleviating Urban Traffic Congestion

Parking Management Best Practices

Politics and Society

Desegregating the City: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality

International Planning and Development

The Global Cities Reader

Planning and Urban History

The City: A Global History     

吉林油田固体废物一体化处理技术探讨

以福州市园林绿化综合管理数据库为基础,将计算机技术、网络技术、地理信息系统技术、遥感技术的理论和方法综合应用于园林绿化的准备、实施、管理和应用的全过程。将地理空间数据与园林绿化专题成果数据相集成,供福州市园林局各业务部门使用,同时也可通过系统接口为各相关政府部门提供数据共享、查询分析和辅助决策服务,以数字园林建设推动智慧福州发展脚步。     

The Bristol One City Approach to city governance: New Civic Leadership in action

ABSTRACT

The One City Approach to city governance in Bristol, UK is designed to unify civic purpose in the city: it is ambitious, inclusive and innovative. In 2016 the new, directly elected Mayor of Bristol, Marvin Rees, decided to work with a wide range of civic actors and community leaders to develop this collaborative approach. The New Civic Leadership, a conceptual framework developed by the author, provides the intellectual underpinning for the One City Approach. This article outlines the New Civic Leadership model, summarises the steps taken to deliver it in Bristol and draws out lessons for future practice and scholarship.     

A relational exploratory study of business incubation and smart cities - Findings from Europe

This is a pioneering research linking two areas of knowledge which attract great attention from academia, industry, and governments: business incubation and smart cities. It is a quantitative exploratory study, whose purpose is to investigate the relationship between incubation mechanisms and local urban development according to the concept of Smart City. Methodologically, canonical correlation analysis was applied between two sets of elements: variables associated to business incubation and variables related to smart city characteristics. The research was concentrated on 157 medium- and large-sized cities from 25 European countries. Based on the findings, clusters analysis was also performed. The article presents, among the main results: (1) evidence of correlation between business incubation and smart urban development, and (2) visual classification of these cities into four clusters, according to their urban development and incubation activity.     

Zagreb

Urban planning, renewal and their actors are always closely connected with the sociopolitical changes and therefore the transitional post-socialist Croatia provides an interesting context for the analysis of spatial changes. This paper is a comparative study of urban transformations in Croatia (the City of Zagreb) in three important time periods: (a) socialism in the 1970s and the 1980s, (b) period during and immediately after the Homeland War and the beginning of transition from 1990 to 2000 and (c) period since 2000 and the acceleration of processes which started in the previous period. These periods of time have been chosen because of major changes in the socio-political system and consequently in spatial planning and management. Also in each of them we can observe the changing power of different types of actors and the appearance of new actors. The main aspects of urban planning are determined as well as the power of various urban actors throughout each period. Since 1990 and especially since 2000 urban planning has been given little attention in Zagreb resulting in the disappearance of system or method and thus in sporadic, random building.