Analysis of strengthening mechanisms through cyclic heat treatment of tungsten heavy alloys

A cell model is presented and numerical analyses are implemented to find the distribution of thermally induced stress, thermally induced deformation and the effect of the tungsten volume fraction during a single step of the quenching process for a 2-dimensional cell model and to find the strengthening mechanisms through the cyclic heat treatment of tungsten alloys. The thermal stresses induced from a single step of quenching mostly concentrated on the W/matrix interface and WAV grain boundary region and the stresses were distributed locally in tensile and locally in the compressible state both in matrix and particle. The mechanism of matrix phase formation at tungsten-tungsten boundaries during cyclic heat-treatment was found to be due to the combination effect of the super saturated matrix phase precipitation into WAV grain boundaries and the thermal stresses state. These results enhance the impact energy enhancement in tungsten heavy alloys.     

淬火方式对Ti微合金化中碳钢组织和性能的影响

设计了一种Ti微合金化中碳钢,在控制轧制后采用在线直接淬火+低温回火(DQ+LT)和离线再加热淬火+低温回火(RQ+LT)两种热处理工艺。通过力学性能检测和微观组织观察,研究了不同淬火方式(DQ和RQ)对Ti微合金化中碳钢微观组织和析出相的影响。结果表明:淬火方式对试验钢的微观组织特征和力学性能产生了显著影响。DQ和RQ淬火方式获得的晶粒形态分别呈现扁平化和等轴化,扁平化马氏体板条较细长,方向性明显,基体位错密度高,而等轴晶粒的有效晶粒尺寸更细,晶粒内马氏体板条均匀、无方向性,基体上有大量细小的碳化物和(Ti, Mo)C析出相。组织上的差异使得DQ工艺试验钢存在横、纵向性能不均匀、低温冲击性能较差等不足,而RQ工艺试验钢的横、纵向性能均匀、强韧性匹配良好。     

循环淬火对22MnCrNiMo系泊链钢组织和性能的影响

22MnCrNiMo钢是用于制造R4级海洋工程系泊链的新型钢种,为了使其达到R4S级系泊链的综合力学性能,比较系统地研究了22MnCrNiMo钢两次快速加热循环淬火调质热处理工艺及组织和力学性能的变化规律.结果表明,该钢经循环淬火处理后获得了细小均匀的奥氏体晶粒,晶粒平均尺寸由原始轧制态的38μm细化到约10μm,综合性能得到明显提高.尤其是韧性与一次加热淬火调质处理的相比,-20℃冲击功值提高近40%,完全达到R4S级系泊链的综合力学性能要求.     

5CrMnMo钢的真空热处理

通过硬度测量、金相分析和冲击试验,研究了真空淬火温度、淬火油温以及冷却室真空度对5CrMnMo钢组织及性能的影响;研究了非真空回火温度对5CrMnMo钢硬度、冲击韧度的影响;通过测量经真空和非真空热处理前后试样的径向跳动研究了真空淬火对5CrMnMo钢热处理畸变的影响。     

超高强度钢300M在真空炉中的高压气体淬火

用真空高压气淬炉对低合金超高强度钢３００Ｍ进行热处理的试验结果表明，不仅其力学性能完全达到了相应技术条件规定的要求，而且还有比真空油淬的变形小，不需清洗等优点。     

硬质合金热处理研究进展

综述了硬质合金热处理研究进展,普通硬质合金可通过淬火回火处理,渗硼碳及硼－镧共渗化学热处理,双重淬火回火处理,真空热处理,离子注入,激光热处理来提高其抗弯强度,表面硬度和耐磨性,断裂韧性等力学性能,钢结硬质合金可通过选择合适的淬火回火工艺,渗硼和硼－硫共渗化学热处理来提高合金的表面硬度,耐磨性和热疲劳抗力,从而达到提高硬质合金产品使用寿命的目的。     

热处理对3D打印制备GH4169合金组织与性能的影响

通过选区激光熔化(SLM)技术三维打印(3D priting)制备了GH4169合金板状试样,并对其进行了热处理。采用三维原子探针技术(3DAP)以及附带原位拉伸功能的扫描电镜(SEM)对热处理前后试样的显微组织及力学性能进行了检测。结果表明,打印态GH4169合金中熔池和晶粒内部均为凝固枝晶组织,合金元素分布均匀。经过热处理后,基体中形成了大量细小γ″相和γ′相;拉伸试验结果显示,3D打印GH4169合金热处理后具有更优的力学性能,这归因于枝晶组织的消失、有害δ相的减少以及大量纳米级γ″相和γ′相在基体中的析出。     

EFFECT OF TUNGSTEN ADDITION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Fe3Al-BASED ALLOYS

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｒｏｎａｌｕｍｉｎｉｄｅｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎＦｅ３Ａｌｏｆｅｒｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｕｌｆｉｄａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,ｗｉｔｈａｌｏｗｅｒｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｃｏｓｔａｎｄｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｔｈａｎｓｔ...     

人工时效与自然时效对Al-7Si-0.6Mg铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了人工与自然双重阶段时效对铸造Al-7Si-0.6Mg合金的力学性能影响.试验结果表明:A1-7Si-0.6Mg合金经535℃×10h(固溶)+水淬+165℃×1 h(人工时效)+24h(自然时效)+165℃×5 h(人工时效)热处理工艺后,其抗拉强度321MPa、伸长率12％,相对T6热处理工艺试样其抗拉强度及伸长率分别提高了7.7％和140％;其室温拉伸断口中存在大量的等轴韧窝,尺寸细小且分布均匀,属于韧性断裂方式;人工与自然双重阶段时效对A1-7Si-0.6Mg力学性能提高的机制主要是共晶硅的球粒化与分布、Mg2Si沉淀强化、析出相Si相与位错间的交互作用.     

Effect of swaging on microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid-phase sintered 93W-4.9(Ni,Co)-2.1Fe alloy

The effect of swaging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe alloy was investigated. The alloy was prepared by liquid-phase sintering under hydrogen atmosphere followed by vacuum heat treatment and swaging at 600 °C with different area reductions (ranging from 15.0% to 84.8%). The as-swaged alloy with area reduction 84.8% exhibits the highest ultimate tensile strength (about 1490 MPa) and the lowest elongation (about 2.5%), which has been attributed to higher fraction of tungsten cleavage. For the as-sintered alloys, the fracture modes are a combination of the ductile rupture of W-Ni-Fe-Co matrix, transgranular cleavage of the tungsten particles, W-W interfacial segregation and W-M interfacial debonding, whereas transgranular cleavage of the tungsten particles is the main characteristic in the as-swaged alloy. Transmission electron microscopy images indicate that tungsten grains and W-Ni-Fe-Co matrix phase are composed of high-density dislocations. Based on the results, when running the swaging of 93W-4.9(Ni, Co)-2.1Fe alloy at 600 °C, the strengthening mechanism can be mainly due to the working-hardening.     

COMPUTER NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN HEAVY ALLOYS

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｕｎｇｓｔｅｎｈｅａｖｙａｌｏｙｓａｒｅｄｕａｌｐｈａｓｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｌｉｑｕｉｄｐｈａｓｅｓｉｎｔｅｒｉｎｇｏｆａｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｏｆ８０％～９７％ｔｕｎｇｓｔｅｎａｎｄａｓｍａｌａｍｏｕｎｔ...     

真空热处理对微波烧结93W-Ni-Fe合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

研究真空热处理对微波烧结挤压棒坯93W-Ni-Fe合金显微组织及力学性能的影响,采用高倍SEM和光学金相分别对合金断口和显微组织进行观察,采用能谱分析仪对合金真空热处理前后各元素含量进行定量分析,并对真空热处理样的相对密度、抗拉强度、延伸率和硬度进行测定和分析.结果表明:经真空热处理后,钨合金的各项力学性能都得到了提高,抗拉强度和延伸率提高显著,抗拉强度从920 MPa提高到了988 MPa,延伸率从9.7％提高到了18.6％;真空热处理后,显微组织中钨晶粒的连接度降低,合金断口中钨晶粒的穿晶解理断裂和粘结相的延性撕裂增多;真空热处理后合金粘结相中的钨含量明显降低.     

42CrMoVNb钢的热处理工艺优化及力学性能

利用单因素和正交试验对42CrMoVNb钢的热处理工艺进行了优化,利用洛氏硬度计、万能拉伸试验机和金属摆锤冲击试验机检测了相关的力学性能,研究了热处理工艺对42CrMoVNb钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,42CrMoVNb钢的最优淬火回火工艺为860℃×20 min,油冷+440℃×150 min,空冷;经最优工艺处理后其组织为回火屈氏体基体上弥散分布着细小的碳化物颗粒,硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度、屈强比、断后伸长率、断面收缩率和-20℃低温冲击吸收能量分别为44.5 HRC、1467 MPa、1357 MPa、0.93、10.5%、46%和27.1 J;力学性能满足14.9级高强度螺栓的技术指标要求。     

Ti-23Al-17Nb合金双态组织的控制

研究Ti-23Al-17Nb(at%,下同)合金在不同热处理条件下形成的双态组织的微观细节特征及其形成规律,分析双态组织细节特征对力学性能的影响,探讨综合改善合金拉伸性能和高温持久性能的途径。结果表明,经α2+B2两相区温度变形的该合金,通过固溶处理/连续冷却和固溶快冷+时效两种方式的热处理均可形成双态组织。其中固溶快冷+时效方式可以实现O相板条数量、尺寸、分布及排列更有效的控制,时效温度的降低有助于板条的细化和混乱排列。在α2相等轴颗粒形貌及体积分数基本一致(约15%～20%)的情况下,O相板条体积分数的增加有利于合金高温持久性能的显著提高,但会造成合金室温拉伸延伸率的下降;O相板条的细化有利于合金室温和高温拉伸性能的同时改善,但使高温持久性能有所降低;通过1060℃固溶处理/油淬+850℃时效处理获得的双态组织具有强度、塑性和高温长时性能的最好匹配。     

Warm forging of aluminium alloys: a new approach for time compression of the forging sequence

A new forging sequence, including a warm forging process, is proposed in order to obtain time compression in the production of forgings in heat treatable aluminium alloys. It offers the advantage of eliminating time consuming and expensive heat treatments. The proposed sequence consists of a solution treatment, followed by water quenching and then by warm forging that produces a fine precipitate structure characterised by high mechanical properties. The optimal warm forging condition was investigated by evaluating the strength and ductility values of the forgings by means of compression testing. The warm forging operation of the AA 6082 aluminium alloy, in the as-solutioned condition, at a temperature of about 240°C, after the natural ageing, provides mechanical properties that are almost coincident with those obtained after conventional forging sequences including an artificial ageing treatment. It was also observed that at such temperature the mechanical properties of the warm-forged parts are not significantly affected by the die speed.     

Effect of preliminary and repeated heat treatment on the plasticity and structure of 25Kh17N2B-Sh steel

An investigation of prematurely damaged high-pressure pipelines from steel 25Kh17N2B-Sh showed that the microstructure of their parts contains a carbide network and coarse austenite grains, which are known to worsen the mechanical properties. The possibility of improving the structure and plasticity of parts of high-pressure pipelines from martensitic steel 25Kh17N2B-Sh by preliminary quenching with subsequent subcritical tempering or cyclic heat treatment before final vacuum quenching is discussed below, The capacity for grain growth in the quenching of parts from rods of different heats and the effect of double quenching to improve the coarse-grain structure are investigated.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 9–11, August, 1995.     

HARDENING OF L1_2-ORDERED Co_3Ti BY PRECIPITATION OF FCC-Co PHASE

1.IntroductionLlz-orderedC03Tihasat6ractedm1lchattentionbecauseofitsp0sitivetemperaturedependenceofstrengthI1t2],thehighesttemperatureatwhichthestrellgthattainsitshigh-estval..[2]andhighductilityoverawiderangeoftemperature[3].Thestrellgthlevel,however,isnotashighasthat0fNi3ALbasedall0ys[2].Acc0rdingt0thereI,ortedCo-Tibinaryphasediagram[']?theryi-C.,Tiphaseexistsoveracompositi0nrangeapproximatelyfrom2Ot025m0l%TiasshowninFig.l.Thes0lubility0fTiinCohasbeenwellestab-lishedbecausetheprecipit…     

热加工工艺对引线框架用C194RE铜合金性能的影响

采用微合金化及热机械处理的方法研制了新型的引线框架用Cu-Fe-Zn-P-Mg-Cr-RE（C194RE）铜合金.优化了该合金板材的热加工工艺,获得了优良的合金性能.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉伸试验及硬度测试等研究了合金在不同加工工艺下的显微组织及性能.结果表明：在其它实验条件一致的情况下,热轧后经在线淬火的合金的各项性能均高于热轧后自然冷却的合金的性能.热轧后经在线淬火的合金的抗拉强度可达560 MPa,伸长率达到8.2%.硬度达175HV,电导率为73%IACS.热轧后经自然冷却的合金经热机械处理后,析出相粒子较大,分布也不均匀;而经在线淬火的合金的析出相粒子细小,尺寸为5～20nm,弥散地分布于基体中,析出强化效果显著,并且合金的电导率也较高.     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Sn合金的时效析出行为与性能

采用TEM对Cu-0.22Cr-0.05Zr-0.05Sn合金不同形变热处理状态微观组织的演变以及时效过程中析出相的状态进行研究,并以此解释形变热处理过程中合金力学性能和导电性能的变化.结果表明,合金中存在2种析出相,分别是Cr相和Cu4Zr相.其中Cr相在时效过程中分别经历了固溶体、GP区、脱溶并与基体共格以及长大;而Cu4Zr相则以早期Cr析出相为核伴随析出,与基体半共格.由于析出相尺寸很小,且分布较为均匀,使合金具有很强的时效强化效果,经940℃固溶1h后冷加工至变形率为96％并在400℃时效4h,合金的抗拉强度和电导率可分别达到400 MPa和84％IACS.对于该合金,时效温度是决定合金综合性能的关键,而时效时间对综合性能的影响并不显著.     

Control of Laves phase in Inconel 718 GTA welds with current pulsing

Abstract

The presence of Nb rich Laves phase in Inconel 718 weld fusion zones is known to be detrimental to weld mechanical properties. In the present study, an attempt was made to control the formation of Laves phase in alloy 718 gas tungsten arc welds using pulsed current. Welds were produced in 2 mm thick sheets of the alloy with constant current and pulsed current and were subjected to post-weld solution treatment at 980°C followed by aging. Detailed microstructural studies and tensile tests at 650°C were conducted. The results show that the use of current pulsing (i) refines the fusion zone microstructure, (ii) reduces the amount of Laves phase and exerts a favourable influence on its morphology and (iii) improves the response of the fusion zone to post-weld heat treatment and weld tensile properties.