The Turn to ‘New Regionalism’: South African Reflections

This article analyses critical policy implications for city-regional and national spatial frameworks in South Africa concerning the turn to new regionalism. International debates are reviewed concerning new regionalism, global city regions, the European Spatial Development Perspective and polycentric mega regions. In South Africa, there is a growing policy interest in the writings and implications of new regionalism as a base for rethinking urban and regional development policies. It is argued that the current depth of South African research and debate on issues raised by new regionalism is limited and that strategic planning for the building of Gauteng as a globally competitive city region is the most significant imprint of new regionalism on the South African policy landscape.     

Strategic spatial planning and the longer range

This article is focused around a discussion of the nature of strategic spatial planning, as exemplified in the planning literature and in examples from Vancouver, Hong Kong and China more generally. The primary author, John Friedmann, argues that too much attention in planning practices has been given to the production of strategic plans and too little to locally‐based studies of the dynamics of urban socio‐spatial development. In commentaries from the perspectives of planning academics and practitioners from different parts of the world, the discussion is enlarged to link the spatial planning discussions to the management literature on strategic planning, to stress the well‐established process emphasis in much contemporary strategic spatial planning work, to raise some positive roles for formal plans in planning processes and to highlight recent European experiences in strategic spatial planning.     

城市发展空间战略规划研究——以江苏省昆山市为例

近年来城市发展空间战略规划作为改善城市空间结构、提高城市竞争力的手段在规划实践中发挥着积极作用.然而对于空间战略规划应当遵循怎样的发展思路,研究哪些内容以及如何去研究,还存在值得探讨的空间.笔者结合为江苏省昆山市所作的相关研究,对运用空间战略规划促使城市空间结构从无序走向有序,提出了理性增长战略及相关政策建议.     

中国城市发展战略规划转型——结合汕头城市发展战略规划的探讨

中国的城市发展战略规划始于2000年并迅速繁荣,实质非正式地成为规划体系中位于总体规划之前的顶层设计。随着宏观转型和国土空间规划时代的到来,战略规划也亟待理论和方法的更新。借用库恩"范式"概念,本文首先尝试总结改革开放前30年我国现代化和城市化特征(定义为现代化1.0),及其影响下产生的战略规划范式。进而,结合汕头——一个与现代化1.0战略规划范式相冲突的"反常"案例的实证,分析了宏观新常态下现代化和城市化的可能特征(定义为现代化2.0),及与之相适应的新型战略规划的实践。最后,通过深入实践范式转型背后的理论范式转型,提出基于科学整体观和整体主义方法论的新型战略规划,对国土空间规划承担好自身的时代使命具有关键作用。     

Strategic Guidance & Rigid Control: Innovation of Urban Master Planning in the New Period by Taking Shanghai 2040 Master Plan as an Example

The reform of urban master planning should make continuous progress to meet the requirements of urban and rural spatial resource control in the urbanization transformation period, considering its role of both strategic guidance and rigid control. As urban development in Shanghai is entering the era of stock-based development, it is important for the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan to upgrade urban strategies to adapt to the transformation environment of urban development, and to adjust the master planning system in line with Shanghai's reality. This article analyzes the development environment and challenges faced by the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan and reflects on the limitations of traditional master planning. To facilitate the spatial development transformation and spatial governance, the article summarizes the innovation ideas of the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan from aspects of functions, outcome framework, control system, organization format, etc.     

Reframing Large Transport Infrastructure Plans: A Study on European Corridors with a Focus on North-eastern Italy

The European Union is promoting and investing in large transportation infrastructure plans and programmes to enhance transnational accessibility and territorial competitiveness. However, the recent crisis has shed a new light on the planning and programming of these infrastructures. Competition for scarce resources and more sensible public demands force decision-makers to better argue and deliver decisions and projects. Italy provides an exemplary case of poor planning and policy-making deriving from limited visions combined with only tactical and reactive politics. For decades, public authorities and project promoters have fostered a huge project of high-speed rail development, without appropriate consideration of territorial conditions, community demands or downside scenarios, whilst benefit overestimation has long hindered investments in other possible strategic infrastructures and policies. The current recognition of the Baltic–Adriatic as essential among European corridors provides the occasion to rebalance discrepancies and reframe plans in Italy. The proposed approach aims to reconsider infrastructure planning as a ‘wicked problem’ implying not absolute, but more or less good solutions depending on contextual and feasibility conditions and to promote visions based on vertical and horizontal subsidiarity, where cities and regions should play a strategic role as key stakeholders in the spatial macroscopic transformations.     

国土空间规划体系中的城市规划初论

国家关于统一规划体系与统一国土空间规划体系的顶层设计已经完成,在当前及未来一段时期内,需要进一步深化规划体系改革,明确国土空间规划体系中城市规划的地位和作用。建议在市县级国土空间规划中发挥城市规划在城市空间产品供给过程中的独特优势,城市总规发挥宏观的导控作用,城市详规发挥底层的管控作用,将城市规划融入国土空间规划体系,为引领城市高质量犮展提供规划保障;相应地,要增强中长期发展规划的研究和支禕,为国土空间规划体系中的城市规划制定与实施提供战略指引。此外,要适应国土空间规划体系新要求发展城乡规划学。     

欧盟城乡聚合的一体化与多样化研究

在对欧洲空间规划政策分析的基础上,研究对欧盟一些不同国家和地区的城乡聚合情况进行了具体分析。欧洲空间规划通过确立有关城乡关系的基本目标与基本原则,在经济、治理、技术等领域建立一套有助于其顺利实施的保障体系,同时构建一个灵活开放的政策框架使各成员国能够根据具体情况采取多样化的发展策略,实现了城乡伙伴关系的目标及城乡协调的一体化与多样化。     

基于可持续发展目标的战略规划——以宁波为例

可持续发展自提出至今已被广为接受和重视,但是如何将这一理念和目标转化到可操作层面,在城乡规划实践中加以系统贯彻和落实目前却仍未有定论。战略规划是城市政府制定的具有权威性的公共政策与纲领性文件,本文基于对可持续发展导向的战略规划框架的系统分析,探讨了在战略规划层面通过城市各发展子领域的可持续性综合集成实现城市整体层面的可持续发展,并以宁波2030城市发展战略为例,对可持续发展导向的战略规划进行了有益的实践探索。     

The emergence of city-regions and their implications for contemporary spatial governance: Evidence from Ghana

Over the years, urbanization has triggered complex spatial processes, such as the evolution of city-regions that defy traditional administrative regional boundaries. However, despite the growing body of research on city-regions, the evolution of this phenomenon and its implications for contemporary spatial governance remains a huge gap in urban planning literature, while approaches to their delineation have largely been restricted to commuting patterns data and approximations. This research examines the emergence of city-regions and their implications for contemporary spatial governance using Ghana as an illustrative case. In the process, inspired by Tobler's first law of geography and the concept of distance decay, the study engages a unique methodological approach that uses spatial mapping of rural-urban population continuum, transportation network, built-up patterns and GIS techniques for the delineation of city-region. The research finds a gap between the rapidly emerging spatial structure of Accra and the operational governance framework, as there is no provision in the latter for the planning and management of the evolving city-region which, territorially, spans multiple administrative regions. At the local context, while making the lagging spatial governance system more responsive to the dynamically evolving spatial structure, it is imperative that urban policy recognises city-regions, such as the Accra City Region (ACR), and their diverse opportunities; plan for them through joint development planning boards; and foster natural coordination even among local planning authorities across different administrative regions. At the global scale, the research practically illustrates that alternative methodologies based on spatial mapping and GIS techniques could provide useful insights into the study of city-regions.     

从战略规划到概念规划——沈阳东北老工业基地振兴规划实践

在全球化背景下,我国市场经济体制的建立带来了城市规划的变革.在这场变革中,沈阳作为东北老工业基地振兴的龙头城市,其现行总体规划已经不能适应城市快速发展的需要,为此沈阳尝试以城市战略规划、概念规划等来指导城市建设,很大程度上克服了市场的固有弊端,实现了城市规划对区域空间发展的统筹引导和控制,构筑了既满足地方发展需求又符合区域发展整体利益的空间格局,取得了良好的效果.     

知识-创新时代的城市远景战略规划——以杭州2050为例

在知识-创新时代背景下,城市发展动力与模式发生深刻变化,如何依托知识与人才实现创新驱动与高质量发展成为重要命题.本文通过对知识-创新时代的理论认知与城市空间发展战略的关联性研究,提出知识-创新时代城市远景战略规划的核心框架,并结合杭州2050实践,提出城市发展动力、空间价值、区域协同、全球网络是新一轮城市发展战略的重点领域,并以此为基础提出了杭州在创新城市、魅力城市、联盟城市、平台城市方面的发展战略.     

Scaling-down and scaling-up processes of territorial governance: cities and regions facing institutional reform and planning challenges

The process of territorial governance rescaling now ongoing in European countries concerns not only the devolution of competencies from central states to regional politico-administrative levels (towards federalism) but also a new role of institutions, agencies and companies operating in well-defined sectors. A complex – downward and upward – transfer of competencies, powers and resources is taking place. In particular, cities belong to specific territories, but are increasingly involved in large-scale processes as far as services and infrastructure construction and management are concerned, as well as economic and cooperation initiatives. This often requires the creation of regional or upper-scale agencies and companies.

The article focuses – within an analytical framework concerning the dynamics of regions and cities in the European space – on three cities in Northern Italy (Bolzano-Bozen, Trento and Verona) undergoing contradictory trends towards federalism, on the one hand, and policy integration at variable scales on specific issues – in a multi-level governance perspective – on the other hand. Finally, the role of strategic, spatial and urban planning processes and tools are analysed, drawing some conclusions of general interest.     

新时期城市总体规划编制变革的实践特征与思考

空间规划管理权的整合,将推进空间规划体系的建立,从原来的"多规争一"走向"多规并一".对城市总体规划编制变革的实践进行了研究,提出应放弃门户之见,在"多规"的编制力量、管理部门"合一"的背景下重新考虑城市总体规划(或者是城乡总体层面的规划)的转型.在对实践进行总结的基础上,对未来的变革思路进行了思考,提出改革建议:在空间的资源观与理论范式方面,应围绕资源的发展权重构规划事权,应从技术理性走向多元协调;在规划的政策性与成果表达方面,应加强规划的战略与政策研究使之真正发挥引领性,在成果的表达方面应体现政策性与逻辑性;在编制的组织与控制方法方面应加强各方面力量的协同性,在控制方法上应注重结构性与层次性.     

‘Must our cities remain ugly?’ – America's urban crisis and the European city: transatlantic perspectives on urban development, 1945–1970

This article explores the changing modes and mechanisms of the transatlantic dialogue between urban planners from the perspective of US urbanists. During the early post-war period, this dialogue intensified quickly. US planners were involved in their country's broad efforts to provide assistance to and build strong political ties with Western European nations. Accordingly, they assumed the role of tutors vis-à-vis their European peers. Due to urban America's apparent flaws and the success of European planning projects, however, their interest in Europe broadened considerably during the 1950s. Initially, the initiative of individuals remained crucial for the flow of planning information from Europe to the USA, and European immigrants and émigrés helped facilitate transatlantic transfers. Looking at Europe, American planners sought to address the shortcomings of the domestic practice of planning as they perceived them. Europe served as an argumentative tool for US experts who were eager to change the socio-political framework that limited their impact on urban development in their home country. Information about European planning was transmitted through a diverse set of channels and the biographies of many of the experts involved with transatlantic exchange remind us of the complex international planning networks that existed throughout the twentieth century. American planners' interest in Europe remained biased towards specific regions and topics. Nevertheless, US planners negotiated the way in which they brought their limited influence to bear on American urban environments in a transnational context. The framework that supported their integration into international planning discussions became increasingly institutionalized towards the end of the research period.     

滨海城市新区控制性详细规划探析——以湛江市海东新区为例

海东新区是湛江城市未来发展的战略地区,规划致力于将其打造成为湛江市城市副中心,形成集商务、休闲、居住等功能于一体的生态型滨海城市新区和"港湾翠链、海的故乡"。在这一目标导向下,规划以港湾、半岛、绿轴、格网构筑城市骨架,形成"岛城聚港、轴线拓展、蓝绿织网"的城市空间结构,构建"向海开放"的城市道路发展框架,构建具有滨海景观特色的绿地结构,形成丰富多元的人性化的滨海休闲区和生态社区,并采取"编制区—管理单元—街坊—地块"四级弹性控制模式,从规模、功能、结构等方面加强控制,推动海东新区发展目标的实现。     

The ‘Infrastructure Turn’ in Australian Metropolitan Spatial Planning

This paper argues that a recent resurgence in Australian spatial planning has been superseded by a resort to infrastructure to address urban problems. The paper uses case studies of the Melbourne and South East Queensland (Brisbane) metropolitan regions to chart the renewal of new spatial planning, after a period of neglect. This paper then shows this spatial planning renewal has given way to a new emphasis on urban infrastructure planning as the primary mode of intervention in these cities. The infrastructure turn raises important questions about the spatial planning and infrastructure of cities within a new era of global strategic challenges.     

基于时空间行为的人本导向的智慧城市规划与管理

以人为本业已成为城市发展的重要指导思想,而时空间行为的研究与规划是构建人本城市的关键。大量动态的、带有精细空间信息及各种行为关联性的个体时空间行为数据带领城市研究与规划进入了大数据时代。智慧城市是人本城市与信息城市有机结合的产物,而时空间行为研究成为最有效的粘合剂,能够全面革新传统城市规划与管理中的时空间尺度,使其更加科学化与智慧化。以新的信息技术为基础与手段的智慧城市建设,必须倡导＂始于行为＂、＂终于行为＂,真正做到以人为本、人民智慧。本文还提出了基于时空间行为的智慧城市研究框架,从城市规划与管理的智慧化改造以及智慧城市的规划与管理等两方面,系统阐述了基于时空间行为的人本导向的新型城市规划与管理的图景。     

文化遗产历史空间保护与城市设计——以安徽东至尧渡老街历史街区保护规划与城市设计研究为例

以安徽东至尧渡老街历史街区保护规划与城市设计研究为例,在基于城市设计思想方法的文化遗产历史空间保护的设计上,认为文化遗产的历史空间保护与城市设计,在本质上都是致力于文化传承与发展的空间设计,有着异曲同工之源的文化解读,文化遗产的历史空间保护,实质上是一个城市设计战略层面的把握与空间设计的过程。     

基于边缘城市理论的产业园区规划策略研究——以中国-泰国崇左产业园为例

边缘城市是美国郊区化的产物,产业园区是我国拉动经济和拓展城市空间最重要的载体,两者都是新形势下城市发展演进过程中最引人注目的现象。通过对美国边缘城市的现象观察及其与我国产业园区的比较研究,从城市、区域、网络三视角,提出产城融合化、功能复合化、环境品质化、城镇体系化、数字智慧化等基于边缘城市理论的产业园区规划策略,并以中国-泰国崇左产业园规划进行了实证研究,将边缘城市理论运用于城乡规划实践。同时,立足"边缘城市=边缘+城市"解构,提出边缘城市的核心在于"城市"——立足职住平衡的城市功能中心化;活力在于"边缘"——立足网络协同的多中心城市区域形态格局建构,并指出边缘城市依托规模互借协同效应,促进城市形态沿单中心-多中心-城市群演替、空间结构沿等级化-(扁平化)网络化-一体化演化,已成为城市区域走向多中心网络一体化协同发展的新兴生长点或战略性支点。