金刚石框架锯锯切研究（Ⅴ）—金刚石结块磨损特征

在对金刚石框架锯锯切加工动力学，锯切破碎机理模型和金刚石框架锯锯切加工石材时的切削力研究的基础上，通过金刚石锯条锯切石材的实验，测量并分析了金刚石结块磨损特征及其分类，金刚石结块磨损机理，金刚石结块磨损与加工时间，进给速度，石材种类，金刚石结块性能和锯条张紧力等因素的关系，提出了加工参数和金刚石结块的优选原则，研究结果为系统开发和改进金刚石工具提供了一个良好的基础，基于 这些结果，可改进结合剂，金刚石质量，金刚石浓度，金刚石粒度，结块尺寸和结块间隔。     

Comparison of wear characteristics of diamond segments under different sawing modes in sawing hard stone

In this study, the wear characteristics of two kinds of diamond segments with different composition of matrix were compared and investigated under two sawing modes through an experiment. Diamond particles were studied through scanning electron microscopy and three dimensional imaging system. Then, the remaining height of diamond segments was measured by digital vernier caliper. The wear characteristics of diamond segments were analyzed from wear morphology, protrusion height of diamond particles and the remaining height of diamond segments. The motion of two sawing modes and their effects on trajectories were analyzed which presented that the rocking reciprocating sawing mode can reduce sawing length and sawing time compared with horizontal reciprocating sawing mode used daily in industry. The results of experiment demonstrated that the main wear mechanism attributed to diamond segments wear is the fracture and falling of diamond particles caused by heavy loads especially in rocking reciprocating sawing mode. The average protrusion height of diamond particles is related with loads and the bonding strength of matrix. However, diamond segments wear can be effectively reduced in rocking reciprocating sawing mode while cobalt-based segments were adopted because a higher bonding strength to diamond particles can be provided compared with iron-based segments. The matrix of segments can be abrased slower while sawing length and sawing time were reduced.     

Computer simulation of stone frame sawing process using diamond blades

Based on the results of scratching tests with single point tools and single segments in a previous study, the contact area between stone and blade, the number of effective cutting edges and the cutting forces per diamond grit, per segment and blade in the frame sawing process are simulated by computer. The number of diamond grits per unit area, the distribution of diamond grits per segment and the effective depth of cut of diamond grits are calculated by a new method. The Monte Carlo method is applied to generate the position of diamond grits randomly. The results show that in cutting stroke, only half of the diamond grits on the segment surface cut stone with the depth of cut increasing and a limited moving distance. The interactions of the grooves created by different segments remove the stone and generate the saw kerf. The simulation results of cutting forces are consistent in tendency with the data tested in a frame sawing machine. Cutting feed and the cutting performance of the segments are the major factors which determine the cutting forces and segment wear. The optimized constant contact area between blade and stone depends on the segment spaces, the segment number and the segment size, the ratio of the length of block and the effective cutting length of blade etc.     

金刚石框架锯锯切研究(Ⅷ) --计算机模拟框架锯锯切过程

计算机模拟了在框架锯锯切过程中石材和锯片的接触面积和有效切削刃数、单个金刚石颗粒、金刚石结块和整个金刚石锯条的切削力。结果表明：在结块表面上出刃的金刚石颗粒中，只有半数金刚石颗粒在一个固定的切削区间内切削石材。金刚石在不同位置切削产生的断裂沟槽交错，形成了锯切沟槽的底部，切削力的试验结果与实际切削试验结果在数量级和变化趋势上是一致的。切削进给量和金刚石结块的切削性能是影响切削力和结块磨损的主要因素。石材和锯条结块间的最佳接触面积取决于结块间距、结块数目、结块尺寸，以及石材的长度与锯条有效切削长度之比等因素。     

金刚石框架锯锯切研究(Ⅵ)--在实验机上模拟框架锯锯切过程

测定金刚石框架锯锯切切削力，金刚石结块磨损和锯条变形等是十分重要也是非常困难的。在前面对锯切运动，锯切机理，锯切切削力和金刚石结块磨损研究的基础上，介绍了一种在实验室里用小型框架锯切实验机模拟框架锯锯切过程的实验方法，比较了用单锯条三节块和单锯条单结块锯切石材的实验结果，优选了结块分布间距，与金刚石框架锯锯切加工实验结果的比较表明，在实验机上用单锯条三节块锯切石材时，测量得到的处于中间的金刚石结块的切削性能，可以较好地反映实际加工中金刚石结块的切削状态，利用这一结果，可快速地通过简单的实验，评价金刚石锯条在实际加工中的切削力和金刚石结块磨损特性，其误差在20%以内。     

Investigation and improvement of wear nonuniformity of diamond tools in sawing granite

Sawing experiments were accomplished to discuss the wear characteristics at different parts of diamond tools in the process of sawing granite in this paper. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 3D laser microscope were main detection means for the morphology of diamond tools. Synthetic investigation on the abrasion performance of segments was developed from aspects of the wear appearance of diamond particle and metal bond, the particle protrusion height and the residual height of segments. The results indicated that smaller residual height and larger proportion of macro-fractured and pull out crystal were exhibited at the front end of traditional diamond segment compared with the rear end. Morphology characteristics of diamond tools demonstrated different abrasion mechanism, flush erosion and cavitation was the main wear mechanism for the front end, while abrasive wear was the main wear mechanism for the rear end. Maximum undeformed chip thickness per diamond particle for the front end was larger than that of the rear end due to the existence of slot, the same was true for the load of single diamond particle. By reasonably matching of diamond particles and matrix bond, the abnormal failure efficiency of the diamond particles at the front of the segment was effectively reduced and the wear uniformity of the saw tooth surface was greatly improved. Suggestions on the design of diamond tools and test verification were put forward in the end.     

金刚石框架锯锯切研究(VII)━计算机模拟框架锯锯切过程基础

基于框架锯锯切加工运动学分析、单颗粒和单结块切削力试验结果 ,讨论了采用计算机模拟框架锯锯切过程中所需的运动学、金刚石结块磨损和金刚石颗粒切削力模型 ,以及模拟过程图。采用简化方法计算了金刚石结块表面的理论金刚石颗粒数 ;结合对金刚石结块磨损的研究结果 ,用MontoCarlo方法生成了结块表面的金刚石颗粒的出刃高度、分布位置和磨损形态 ,生成了数字化的金刚石锯条 ,为计算机模拟框架锯锯切加工过程 ,提供了基础数据。     

切割混凝土的金刚石锯片研究

本文通过对切割混凝土锯片磨损的理论分析，进行了分段式节块锯片、斜槽式节块锯片、三明治节块锯片、涡轮齿式节块锯片，三孔式节块锯片与传统标准扇形节块锯片切割对比试验研究，结果表明，上述特殊形状节块锯片利于冷却和排粉，切割效率和使用寿命优于传统标准扇形节块锯片。还进行了不同金刚石配方试验。认为，采用粗细粒度金刚石混合配方，结合采用利于冷却排粉的几何结构节块，可以显著提高混凝土切割锯片的切割效率和使用寿命。     

金刚石框架锯锯切研究(1)-锯切加工运动学分析

金刚石水平式框架锯锯切是在大面积大理石板材加工中占主导地位的加工工艺。在金刚石框架锯锯切中的加工运动学锯切破碎过程、锯切力、锯切结块磨损、锯条张紧力调整、锯切可加工性评定等问题，均是实现高效率低成本地加工出高质量石材大板的关键。本文首先阐述了金刚石框架锯锯切过程中的运动学问题，提出了单颗粒金刚石在锯切加工过程中同石材接触的运动模型，以及结块和锯条平均切削厚度的概念；分析了金刚石结块同石材侧表面的接触面积和金刚石结块顶面同石材接触面积的变化特征，为研究锯切过程中的各种现象打下了理论基础。     

The effect of operational parameters on diamond tools of frame sawing system: Wear characteristics and optimization in stone processing

A series of sawing experiments was carried out to investigate the effect of operational parameters on the wear characteristics of diamond segment. And the wear mechanism of diamond segment was studied through micro-morphology. The analysis presented that the wear mechanisms of segment metal matrix are mainly attributed to abrasive wear and erosion wear, the wear mechanism of diamond particles mainly includes cleavage fracture caused by the impact load and abrasion caused by scratching. The effect of sawing parameters on the wear rate of segment matrix is consistent with that of diamond particles. The wear resistance of segment matrix increases with the increase of the proportion of diamond particles with micro-fractured and complete crystalline shape, and decreases with the increase of the proportion of diamond particles with macro-fractured and pulled-out. Furthermore, the predicted model was established to evaluate the segment wear per unit by using Design Expert software, and the optimum sawing parameters obtained as a result of the optimization was investigated to provide some guidance for the processing of the enterprise.     

金刚石圆锯片节块几何形状对磨损机理的影响

本文对目前石材加工领域广泛使用的具有几种典型节块结构的金刚石圆锯片的磨损机理进行了一些分析。讨论了节块几何形状和排列方式对锯片磨损的影响程度,并比较了从外观结构出发制造中凹与单纯从配方的角度制造中凹的优缺点。最后从切削加工的角度对改进金刚石圆锯片的质量提出了一些建议。     

金刚石框架锯锯切研究（2）一锯切破碎机理

在对金刚石框架锯锯切加工动力学研究的基础上，通过单颗粒划痕和单个金刚石结块切削大理石试验，模拟金刚石框架锯锯切过程中，金刚石颗粒和结块在不同加工条件下的切削过程；测量分析了切削力、表面沟槽轮廊和有效切削磨粒数；观察并分析了加工表面形貌；运用岩石脆性断裂力学理论，分析了单颗粒金刚石切削机理。通过金刚石框架锯发加工大理石的切屑粒度分布分析，指出了实际加工切削条件对锯切破碎机理的影响。研究结果证实了金刚石框架锯锯工加工动力学研究的一些基本结论，最后提出了金刚石框架锯锯切大理石破碎机理模型。     

Characteristics of diamond sawblade wear in sawing

The characteristics of the surfaces of worn diamond segments in circular saws for the sawing of granite have been investigated. A scanning electron microscope and a toolmaker's microscope were used to examine the worn surfaces, and radial sawblade wear and grinding ratio during sawing were measured. Experimental results indicate that the diamonds on the working surface for a heavy trimming operation can be classified as whole (without significant wear), micro-fractured, and macro-fractured crystals; also pull-out craters occur. The transition from a free-cutting action to a less efficient cutting occurs when the proportions of whole crystal, fractured particle, and grit pull-out are about one-third. When the proportion of particle fracture (particularly macro-fractured particles) and/or grit pull-out exceeds one-third, the cutting ability of a sawblade becomes less efficient and, in an extreme case, leads to sawblade failure. Conversely, a sawblade containing a higher proportion of whole crystals and a lower proportion of macro-fractured particles cuts more efficiently.     

金属结合剂金刚石工具研究进展

金刚石工具广泛用于天然石材、陶瓷、玻璃、混凝土、硬质合金等的磨削和切割,金属结合剂金刚石工具因具有良好的机械和热学性能而成为金刚石工具的主力军。随着新型陶瓷混凝土等加工对象的不断出现和变化,要求金刚石工具要持续改进,以提高其切削效率、减少自身磨损、同时降低其制造和使用成本。本文综述了人造金刚石颗粒的性能、不同类型金属结合剂的成分组成和基本性能、金刚石与金属结合剂的界面结合状态以及提高其结合强度的措施,并对金属结合剂金刚石工具的发展作了进一步展望。      

结合剂强度和不同镀层对金刚石工具出刃高度的影响

采用L9(34)正交试验研究未镀金刚石、表面镀Ti和镀Ni金刚石在不同强度结合剂下对金刚石工具出刃高度的影响,并使用SEM 3D重构法测量金刚石的出刃高度,对比分析不同状态下的金刚石出刃高度变化.结果表明:使用SEM 3D重构法能够方便、快速和准确地测量金刚石的出刃高度,高度值为221.26～321.68μm;金刚石表...     

电镀金刚石圆柱铣刀在数控石材加工中磨损实验研究

本文采用正交实验方法,对电镀金刚石涂层刀具在数控石材加工中进行试验,研究加工参数和金刚石颗粒性能对电镀金刚石刀具磨损量的影响,并利用体式显微镜对磨损后的刀具表面形貌进行了分析.试验结果表明:影响金刚石铣刀磨损量的主要因素是金刚石粒度,加工参数中影响较大的是径向切深,其次是主轴转速,进给速度影响较小.刀具底面的磨损比侧面严重,刀具底面的磨损形式主要是犁沟,金刚石主要以脱落为主;侧面的磨损形式主要是磨平,金刚石颗粒以破碎为主.     

金刚石框架锯锯切研究(Ⅸ)-锯条张紧变形和应力的有限元分析

本文对国内外锯切张紧力的理论和测量研究结果、锯条的失稳倾斜进行了全面的综述，然后根据锯切力研究的数据，采用有限元法对不同加工条件下锯条锯齿焊接根部受力和锯条的变形等问题进行了研究。结果表明，在锯切过程中锯条与结块焊接边缘两侧出现应力最大值，因此较易产生疲劳裂纹；锯条的挠度随偏心力的增大而增大；不同结块位置上的锯条受到的力和变形是不同的；在通常的切削过程中，张紧力的存在可以保证锯条的刚性，但不可能因为锯条张紧力和切削力的抵消作用，使得锯条呈现直线状并切削。仅仅在合适的加工条件下，锯条在切削段的局部区域可能表现为相对较为平直和良好的切削接触状态。     

Marble cutting with single point cutting tool and diamond segments

An investigation has been undertaken into the frame sawing with diamond blades. The kinematic behaviour of the frame sawing process is discussed. Under different cutting conditions, cutting and indenting-cutting tests are carried out by single point cutting tools and single diamond segments. The results indicate that the depth of cut per diamond grit increases as the blades move forward. Only a few grits per segment can remove the material in the cutting process. When the direction of the stroke changes, the cutting forces do not decrease to zero because of the residual plastic deformation beneath the diamond grits. The plastic deformation and fracture chipping of material are the dominant removal processes, which can be explained by the fracture theory of brittle material indentation.     

金属结合剂金刚石砂轮的修整研究(Ⅰ)——用立体照片对测量磨粒的突出高度及磨粒突出高度对磨削性能的影响

金属结合剂金刚石砂轮的磨粒突出高度极大地影响砂轮的磨削性能。磨粒突出高度大小容易导致砂轮堵塞从而使磨削力增大;磨粒突出高度太大则容易导致磨粒脱落从而使砂轮磨损加快。然而,迄今为止,精确测量磨粒突出高度的方法尚未见诸报道。本文提出了一种用立体照片对测量磨粒突出高度的方法,即所谓“3D法”,并对磨削Si_3N_4时,磨粒突出高度对砂轮磨削性能的影响进行了实验研究。砂轮的修整用杯形砂轮修整器完成。主要结论如下:(1)砂轮表面修整后,磨粒突出于金属结合剂基面,并且在磨粒后方存在一三角洲状结合剂残留物。磨粒突出高度分布近似为正态分布。(2)磨削力随磨削次数单调增加。(3)通过研究磨削力、工件表面粗糙度及砂轮磨损同磨粒突出高度的关系,对最佳磨粒突出高度进行了一些讨论。     

高效耐磨金刚石锯片的研制

采用正交实验的方法,对公路维修金刚石锯片胎体材料的有关参数进行了研究,实验对比了18种胎体配方的硬度及抗弯强度,选择几种优良胎体配方进行进一步的实验,对其性能及其稳定性进行比较,选择出优质胎体配方;在其中掺入金刚石,采用适当的烧结工艺制造出金刚石锯片,进行切割混凝土实验.综合分析实验结果,表明实验中加入适量低熔点金属和粗粒度金刚石提高了切割效率,加入细粒度金刚石可以有效地提高金刚石锯片的耐磨性,从而研制出高效耐磨金刚石锯片.