公平偏好行为下考虑质量和营销努力的定价策略

研究零售商公平偏好下考虑质量和营销努力的联合决策问题.首先考虑制造商Stackelberg的情形,研究发现, 零售价格、批发价格、质量努力水平、营销努力水平以及制造商利润均随零售商嫉妒偏好系数的增大而递减,但是零售商利润关于其嫉妒偏好系数的变化不大;然后,考虑零售商Stackelberg的情形,研究发现,批发价格、质量努力水平、营销努力水平以及制造商利润均随零售商的同情偏好系数的增大而递增,零售商利润则随其同情偏好系数的增大而递减;最后进行算例分析,并给出一些管理学的意义.     

Internal and contextual factors, knowledge processes and performance: From the Chinese provider’s perspective

This paper explores the influences of two internal factors, i.e. supplier team’s IT-based skills and communication with client’s team, and two contextual factors, i.e. supplier team’s understanding of client’s culture and collaboration with client’s team, on knowledge processes and performance in global sourcing of IT services from the Chinese provider’s perspective. Knowledge processes are characterized by knowledge sharing, knowledge-based coordination and expertise management, and performance is measured by product success and personal satisfaction. Data have been collected in 13 companies in Xi’an Software Park, with 26 in-depth, semi-structured interviews held with top and middle managers, and 200 structured questionnaires distributed to knowledge workers who are involved in global sourcing projects. The results indicate that supplier team’s IT-based skills, communication with client’s team, cultural understanding of client’s culture and collaboration with client’s team are positively associated with knowledge process and performance. Also, knowledge sharing, knowledge-based coordination and expertise management are found to be crucial for those influential factors to function positively and contribute to the performance. The findings of this study suggest that the effects of key factors on knowledge processes and performance in global sourcing of IT services appear to transcend the social and cultural differences; however, contextual factors seem to have more significant influences on knowledge processes and performance in global sourcing of IT services.     

Collision with friction; Part B: Poisson’s and Stornge’s hypotheses

In Part B of this paper, planar collision theories, counterparts of the theory associated with Newton’s hypotheses described in Part A, are developed in connection with Poisson’s and Stronge’s hypotheses. First, expressions for the normal and tangential impulses, the normal and tangential velocities of separation, and the change of the system mechanical energy are written for five types of collision. These together with Routh’s semigraphical method and Coulomb’s coefficient of friction are used to show that the algebraic signs of the four parameters introduced in Part A span the same five cases of system configuration of Part A. For each, α determines the type of collision which once found allows the evaluation of the normal and tangential impulses and ultimately the changes in the motion variables. The analysis of the indicated cases shows that for Poisson’s hypothesis, a solution always exists which is unique, coherent and energy-consistent. The same applies to Stronge’s hypothesis, however, for a narrower range of application. It is thus concluded that Poisson’s hypothesis is superior as compared with Newton’s and Stronge’s hypotheses.     

Controller reduction via stable factorization and balancing

A controller reduction procedure based on a representation of a controller as a matrix function defined using stable proper transfer functions and employing a balancing technique is studied in this paper. For a certain right coprime factorization of an LQG designed controller K(s) = N(s)D^-1(s), we approximate using a balancing technique the pair [D(s), N(s)]^T by a low-order pair [D₁(s), N₁(s)]^T defining a factorization of the reduced-order controller K ₁(s) = N₁(s)D₁ ^-1(s). We show that reducing the controller order in this way is motivated in a natural way, which leads to the expectation of both good stability properties and good accuracy of approximation of closed-loop behaviour. This is also demonstrated in some examples.     

Consistency and convergence of general linear multistep variable stepsize variable formula methods

Linear multistep (LM) formulae are commonly used in the numerical solution of initial value problems of first order ordinary differential equations (ODE's). A rigorous theory for LM formulae, when these are implemented as constant stepsize constant formula methods, was developed after the publication of Dahlquist's classical paper [1] in 1956. After 1969 LM formulae have often been applied in practical codes as variable stepsize variable formula methods (VSVFM's). Therefore the development of a rigorous theory for LM formulae also in the case where these are used as VSVFM's is desirable. A formal definition of general LM VSVFM's is given in this paper. Then some theorems concerning the consistency and the convergence of general LM VSVFM's are formulated and proved. The results obtained in this paper can be extended for one-leg VSVFM's and for VSVFM's based on predictorcorrector schemes of different types.     

计算循环群上4度Bi-Cayley网络直径的快速算法

Cayley图是一类高对称正则图,有许多好性质,被广泛认为是一类理想的互连网络拓扑结构。Bi-Cayley图是Cayley图的一个自然推广,特别地,循环群上4度Bi-Cayley网络[BC(n;±s1,±s2)]是双环网络[DLG(n;±s1,±s2)]的一个自然推广。讨论了循环群[?n]上4度Bi-Cayley网络[BC(n;±s1,±s2)]连通的充分必要条件,并给出了计算该网络直径的一种算法,其时间复杂度为[O(lb n)]。     

Termination of narrowing revisited

This paper describes several classes of term rewriting systems (TRS’s), where narrowing has a finite search space and is still (strongly) complete as a mechanism for solving reachability goals. These classes do not assume confluence of the TRS. We also ascertain purely syntactic criteria that suffice to ensure the termination of narrowing, and include several subclasses of popular TRS’s such as right-linear TRS’s, almost orthogonal TRS’s, topmost TRS’s, and left-flat TRS’s. Our results improve and/or generalize previous criteria in the literature regarding narrowing termination.     

自动组题算法中适应度函数的构建方法

在基于GA的自动组题算法中,构建适应度函数是最大的一个难点。适应度函数构建的关键在于如何选择适应度函数的参数以及如何计算各个参数的值,本文从IRT理论和试题以及算法的特殊性出发,确定了适应度函数的参数及其计算方法。该方法有着强大的理论支持和完善的用户需求接口,同时也为试卷的分析提供了新的方法。     

Course ontology-based user’s knowledge requirement acquisition from behaviors within e-learning systems

User’s knowledge requirement acquisition and analysis are very important for a personalized or user-adaptive learning system. Two approaches to capture user’s knowledge requirement about course content within an e-learning system are proposed and implemented in this paper. The first approach is based on the historical data accumulated by an interactive question-answering process. The association space is proposed to record and formalize the historical interactive information which is used to compute user’s knowledge requirement. The second approach is based on user’s reading behavior logs in the process of reading e-documents. User’s reading actions including underline, highlight, circle, annotation and bookmark, are used to compute user’s knowledge requirement. Two experiments are conducted to implement the two proposed approaches and acquire the user’s knowledge requirement. The evaluation results show that the user models computed by two approaches are consistent and can reflect user’s real knowledge requirements accurately.     

Growth and repair: Instantiating a biologically inspired model of neuronal development on the Khepera robot

Activity-dependent, developmental synaptic plasticity permits, in part, an animal’s nervous system to be constructed in a way that depends on both the animal’s experiences and its body’s particular morphology. The continuing expression of this plasticity into later life allows constant adaptation of the animal’s nervous system to changes in the animal’s body as it grows and ages, also allowing some recovery from major injury. We instantiate a previously studied model of such neuronal development on a robotic platform to establish whether “developmental robotics” can equip a robot with a nervous system tuned to the robot’s individual morphology and that allows recovery from damage.     

信用担保与下侧风险控制下零售商资金约束供应链订货与定价策略

针对供应商、零售商和商业银行组成的供应链系统,考虑当零售商面临资金约束时,通过供应商信用担保贷款模式缓解零售商资金约束对供应链总体利润的影响.构建零售商和供应商期望利润模型,分别讨论银行风险中性及下侧风险控制下的零售商订货与供应商定价决策,并利用斯坦克尔伯格博弈求解.最后,对供应商担保系数、银行风险容忍系数进行灵敏度分析.研究表明:1)给定担保系数,只有当风险容忍系数小于一定的阈值时,银行下侧风险控制才会影响零售商以及供应商的最优决策;2)给定风险容忍系数,只有当担保系数小于一定的阈值时,供应商担保系数才会影响零售商以及供应商的最优决策;3)银行贷款限额是担保系数、风险容忍系数的严格递增函数.     

The effect of nonhuman’s external regulation on detecting the natural development process of young children’s self-regulation during learning tasks

The present study explored the effect of nonhuman’s external regulation on children’s natural development of self-regulation and the effect of each natural developed class on children’s spontaneous thinking aloud and satisfaction. The Aginian’s methodology (Agina et al., 2011a) that relied on special computer agents for the external regulation, measuring self-regulation and children’s satisfaction, and producing the final results in points was used with 40 preschool children, which were divided into classes based on their natural development of self-regulation during learning tasks. The results showed that children who followed Piagetian’s view were outperforming children who followed Vygotskyian’s view and Aginian’s view, which is a new psychological view generated by computer indicates that the child either followed unknown class of self-regulation’s natural development or the child holds an ambiguous psychological problem. The results also showed that the relationship between children’s spontaneous thinking aloud and children’s self-regulation is a reverse. The supplemental analysis showed that computer, as a nonhuman external regulator, can identify those children who hold psychological problems and can integrate the net signed of self-regulation of each child at each task through embedding the mathematics integration where the computer becomes fully conscious with all the occurrences of children’s behavioral regulation.     

Attention to the model's face when learning from video modeling examples in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder

We investigated the effects of seeing the instructor's (i.e., the model's) face in video modeling examples on students' attention and their learning outcomes. Research with university students suggested that the model's face attracts students' attention away from what the model is doing, but this did not hamper learning. We aimed to investigate whether we would replicate this finding in adolescents (prevocational education) and to establish how adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, who have been found to look less at faces generally, would process video examples in which the model's face is visible. Results showed that typically developing adolescents who did see the model's face paid significantly less attention to the task area than typically developing adolescents who did not see the model's face. Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder paid less attention to the model's face and more to the task demonstration area than typically developing adolescents who saw the model's face. These differences in viewing behavior, however, did not affect learning outcomes. This study provides further evidence that seeing the model's face in video examples affects students' attention but not their learning outcomes.     

Visual Programming in the Wild: A Survey of LabVIEW Programmers

As part of research into the cognitive effects of visual programming representations, a worldwide survey of LabVIEW programmers was conducted via the World Wide Web and resulted in 227 survey responses. The survey questionnaire was designed to allow some distinction between opinions about the visual aspects of LabVIEW and opinions about LabVIEW's many other features; this paper presents an analysis of this collected data, including both the opinions of the visual and non-visual aspects. Throughout the analysis, comparisons are made from the survey data both to Green's cognitive dimensions and to Green and Petre's own assessment of LabVIEW [1, 2]. Overall, the respondents were positive in their assessment of LabVIEW. Moreover, of interest to the visual programming community, respondents rated the value of LabVIEW's visual language significantly higher than the value of all other LabVIEW features rated in this survey (including LabVIEW's extensive libraries of reusable code). At the same time, respondents' comments suggest many other possible sources of LabVIEW's success such as LabVIEW's libraries of reusable code, LabVIEW's support for building GUIs, LabVIEW's use of the dataflow paradigm and LabVIEW's automatic memory management. By identifying these non-visual aspects of a VPL, this research hopes to contribute to future, rigorous investigation of the impact of visual programming representations.     

针对复杂用户评论的代码质量属性判断

随着开发者社区和代码托管平台成为程序员获取代码的主要途径,针对代码的用户评论数量急剧增加.用户在使用代码后给出的评论中包含多种静态和动态的代码质量属性信息,但是由于用户评论多为复杂句,使得评论中包含的代码质量属性难以判断.针对复杂用户评论的代码质量属性判断将有助于分析用户评论中的代码质量信息,有助于开发者在了解用户的代...     

TAM: a program for the calculation of topological indices in QSPR and QSAR studies

We designed an efficient program for computing topological indices used in QSAR and QSPR studies, including Wiener's index, a modified Wiener's index, Balaban's index, a modified Balaban's index, the information-theoretical index, a modified information-theoretical index, Schultz's index, a modified Schultz's index and vertex-connectivity indices. It can allocate enough memory for up to 250 atoms per molecule. We designed two versions of this program regarding data input: the first employing EDIT input and the second with graphical input. Program was written in Borland C + + language and is operable on IBM PC processors.     

The effects of horizontal load speed and lifting frequency on lifting technique and biomechanics

Lifting loads that have a horizontal velocity (e.g. lifting from a conveyor) is often seen in industry and it was hypothesised that the inertial characteristics of these loads may influence lifting technique and low back stress. Seventeen male participants were asked to perform lifting tasks under conditions of four horizontal load speeds (0 m/s, 0.7 m/s, 1.3 m/s and 2.4 m/s) and two lifting frequencies (10 and 20 lifts/min) while trunk motions and trunk muscle activation levels were monitored. Results revealed that increasing horizontal load speed from 0 m/s to 2.4 m/s resulted in an increase in peak sagittal angle (73° vs. 81°) but lower levels of peak sagittal plane angular acceleration (480°/s² vs. 4°/s²) and peak transverse plane angular acceleration (200°/s per s vs. 140°/s per s) and a consistent increase in trunk muscle co-activation. Participants used the inertia of the load to reduce the peak dynamics of the lifting motion at a cost of increased trunk flexion and higher muscle activity.

Statement of Relevance: Conveyors are ubiquitous in industry and understanding the effects of horizontal load speed on the lifting motions performed by workers lifting items from these conveyors may provide some insight into low back injury risk posed by these tasks.     

Did BP Atone for its Transgressions? Expanding Theory on ‘Ethical Apology’ in Crisis Communication

Ethical communication during crisis response is often assessed by external perceptions of the organization's intentions, rather than an assessment of the organization's communicative behaviors. This can easily lead researchers to draw editorial conclusions about an organization's ethics in crisis response rather than accurately describing its communicative behaviors. The case of BP's 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico provides a prime example for the importance of accurately assessing the ethical content of an organization's crisis response because the ethics of BP's response have been discussed in news and academic sources; yet little direct examination of the ethical content in BP's response has occurred. The findings have implications for communication ethics, social media engagement, and crisis communication more generally.     

Evolution and governance of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry of China

The high-speed growth of China’s biotechnology industry during the past 20 years presents an excellent opportunity to examine its overall evaluation and governance from the perspective of science and technology policies. Although China’s biotechnology industry has achieved tremendous extension both in scale and structure, the strengths it has gained from achievements in research and development activities have been significantly weakened in relation to processes of commercialization. After examining the definition of China’s biotechnology industry as well as its evolution, the authors of this paper employ Actor-Networks Theory as a basic theoretical framework to reveal how China’s biotechnology industry develops in the form of evolving networks within the country’s social context and to identify what kinds of relationships exist among the relevant factors. Our hope is to provide guiding insights for improving the governance of China’s biotechnology industry both in policy and in management practices.     

基于用户标签的微博推荐算法

为了解决推荐算法中用户标签稀疏、推荐准确度不高的问题,提出了一种基于用户标签的微博推荐算法。利用TextRank排序方法提取用户发布微博中的关键词,并对该关键词进行扩展,将其作为表示用户兴趣的标签;再根据微博的效应函数和生命周期形成待推荐的微博列表,计算用户标签及其同义词在待推荐微博列表 中出现的次数,将出现次数较多的TOP-k条微博推荐给用户。通过实验验证,该算法能够有效地解决用户标签的稀疏性问题,并能提高推荐算法的准确性。