实时荧光聚合酶链式反应法检测食品中猪源性成分

针对猪线粒体细胞色素b基因序列设计特异的引物和探针,建立食品中猪源性成分实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测方法,并经特异性和敏感性试验验证其可行性。结果表明：该体系可扩增猪肉DNA片段,长度为98bp,其他常见畜、禽肉成分均无法正常扩增。该体系灵敏度低至1pg,且阴性样品扩增后的Ct值限制在35循环以后。对于各模拟肉类样品中掺杂的猪源性成分,其检测限均达1%,经市售加工食品检测验证,表明所建立的猪引物探针体系具有特异性好、灵敏度高、快速、高效等优点,可用于对食品中猪源性成分的掺假鉴别检测。     

鱼肉制品中巴沙鱼源性成分的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应快速检测法

目的 建立巴沙鱼源性成分的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)快速检测手段.方法 根据巴沙鱼的线粒体cytb基因序列设计引物,使用实时荧光PCR进行扩增,从而达到快速检测产物的目的.结果 此方法特异性良好,巴沙鱼基因组DNA灵敏度可达到10-4 ng,在与婴幼儿米粉、儿童副食芝麻粉、鸡肉粉和大西洋鳕鱼粉混合的鱼肉制品中均可...     

实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测肉制品中的鸭源性成分

通过鸭的肌动蛋白β-actin保守基因设计可特异检测鸭肉成分的引物和探针,建立实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术检测鸭肉的方法,并通过模拟肉样和市售样品检测方法的准确性和适用性。结果表明：该方法可以特异性检测出麻鸭和草鸭成分,而对猪、牛、羊、鸡等DNA均没有扩增,检测灵敏度可达到1 pg DNA;通过模拟肉样检测确定最低质量分数检测限为0.01%;市售样品的检测结果表明,该方法能很好地应用于市场,满足市场检测需求。     

实时荧光聚合酶链式反应法检测食品中猫源性成分

根据猫线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸氧化还原酶亚基1（ND1）基因中的保守序列设计猫特异性引物和TaqMan探针,建立食品中猫源性成分的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测方法。通过实时荧光PCR反复验证,结果表明,引物和TaqMan探针对猫源性成分的特异性良好,检测灵敏度可达1 pg,适用于食品中猫源性成分的快速鉴定。通过对随机抽取的市售肉制品的检测,尚未发现掺有猫源性成分的行为。     

实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术快速鉴定仿刺参

基于仿刺参线粒体COX1基因、NAD4基因分别设计特异性检测引物和探针,采用TaqMan探针实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术进行仿刺参的特异性鉴定检测。对21 种海参样品进行实时荧光PCR检测的特异性检验,并对每个样品做3 个平行实验,计算Ct平均值、标准偏差及变异系数,评估检测方法的重复性。结果表明：所设计的引物和探针可以特异性的鉴别仿刺参,方法的变异系数均小于2%,表明本研究设计的引物和探针具有良好的重复性。本研究所建立的快速检测仿刺参的方法快速、简便,既克服了传统海参鉴别方法的局限性,同时又结合了荧光PCR技术高效率、低污染的优点,为仿刺参真伪鉴别研究提供了有价值的参考意见。     

基于实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术定量检测肉制品中动物源性成分研究进展

实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（real-time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR）技术灵敏度高、特异性强,广泛用于肉制品中动物源性成分的定性、定量分析。已有多种基于RT-PCR技术的分析策略用于实现肉制品中动物源性成分的定量检测,已报道的定量分析策略各有优势及缺陷,目前尚无可推广的国家标准方法发布。本文针对采用RT-PCR技术对肉制品中动物源性成分定量检测的分析策略及其中的关键因素（结果表示形式、靶基因、DNA提取效率、DNA降解、扩增效率、标准物质、物种基因组大小）进行综述分析,为建立最优定量分析模型提供思路,期望找到操作简便、成本较低、可推广实施的定量分析策略,实现对肉制品中动物源性成分进行准确定量检测,促进国家标准检测方法的制定。     

北极苹果结构特异性实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测方法建立

目的为实现转基因北极苹果(Arctic~(TM) apple)目的标识管理,建立特异性实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测方法。方法针对转基因北极苹果特异性序列设计引物和TaqMan探针,建立转基因北极苹果实时荧光PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行检测。结果建立的转基因北极苹果实时荧光PCR特异性强,定量检测限为20拷贝,扩增效率为96%,检测重复性良好。结论建立的特异性实时荧光PCR法可应用于转基因北极苹果的鉴定。     

基于实时荧光聚合酶链式反应快速检测包装饮用水中铜绿假单胞菌

目的 建立一种基于实时荧光聚合酶链式反应快速检测包装饮用水中铜绿假单胞菌的检测方法。方法 针对选择铜绿假单胞菌gyrB基因设计特异性引物和探针。250mL水样经膜过滤后经过短时培养(36℃、4 h),优化提取菌体DNA流程,预冻干聚合酶链式反应预混液,采用实时荧光聚合酶链式反应进行检测。结果 样品中铜绿假单胞菌量为≥1 CFU/250 mL时,检测结果均呈阳性,整个检测用时6 h左右。该方法检测结果与国家标准方法(GB8538—2022)检测结果一致。结论 该方法特异性强、灵敏度高、用时短,可为预包装饮用水中铜绿假单胞菌监管和生产企业质控提供更为快速、精准的技术手段。     

三七染料法实时荧光聚合酶链式反应鉴别方法的建立

目的 采用TB Green染料法实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)技术,基于叶绿体基因psbA-trnH序列建立鉴别三七的实时荧光PCR方法。方法 通过比较三七及其同属的人参、西洋参和竹节参的psbA-trnH序列,设计出一对三七特异性引物,优化退火温度,进行灵敏度实验,并验证方法的特异性、适用性和抗干扰性,最后对市售三七样品进行检测。同时以18SrDNA引物为内参质控,对DNA提取及反应体系进行质控。结果 所建立的三七染料法实时荧光PCR方法灵敏度为0.001 ng/μL;特异性较好,与18种近缘及常见中药材均无交叉反应;适用性和抗干扰性也较好;对28份不同加工方式的市售三七样品检测的结果与测序结果一致。结论 建立的三七染料法实时荧光PCR方法具有快速、准确、灵敏的特点,可用于三七产品中三七成分的鉴别。     

沙门氏致病菌标准阳性模板的构建及实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测

目的:构建重组质粒作为标准阳性模板,建立食品中沙门氏致病菌实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测方法。方法:以致病性沙门氏菌inv A基因上特异性片段为目标,设计并合成引物和Taq Man探针,将目标片段连接到PGM-T载体上构建重组质粒,建立实时荧光定量检测体系,并考察方法的灵敏性、特异性、重复性和准确性。结果:构建出致病性沙门氏菌特异性基因片段的重组质粒,能够作为实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测方法的标准阳性模板,标准曲线方程为Y=-3.151 lg X+42.86(R2=0.999),灵敏度80拷贝反应体系,能特异区分沙门氏菌与类型的细菌,同时,批内和批间的变异系数均小于5%,具有良好的重复性。结论:本方法能够实现对食品中致病性沙门氏菌进行定性定量检测。     

菠萝成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的本文研究建立食品中菠萝成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法。方法根据菠萝rbcL基因设计菠萝物种特异性检测引物和荧光探针,对样品中的靶标基因片段进行检测,并进行物种特异性检测、灵敏度测试和实际应用检测。结果通过对供试的58种动植物材料进行检测,只有菠萝出现特异性扩增,其他物种材料无扩增;对不同浓度菠萝DNA样品和不同含量的菠萝粉样品进行灵敏度测试,该检测方法对菠萝成分的检测灵敏度分别为0.01 ng/μL菠萝DNA和0.1%菠萝粉;对市场销售的实际样品进行检测,能够满足于检测需求。结论该方法简单、灵敏、快速、准确,能应用于食品中菠萝成分检测。     

Detection of pea in food by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A qualitative 5′-nuclease real-time PCR-based method for the detection of pea (Pisum sativum) in food is described. The method consists of DNA isolation by chaotropic solid phase extraction and the subsequent PCR with pea-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe. The primers and the probe are oriented to the chloroplast DNA intron located between trnL and trnF exons encoding for tRNA. The analytical parameters of the method were inclusivity 100%, exclusivity 100% and the detection limit of 0.11±0.07 ng of pea DNA corresponding to 12±7 diploid pea genome copies. Using a set of model meat patés with defined pea contents, a matrix-related detection limit of 0.05% was determined and a linear calibration line was constructed. The presented analytical method was useful for qualitative detection or semiquantitative determination of pea in food products. The method was relatively fast because the analysis could be performed in one working day.     

基于rpoB靶基因的PCR法快速检测弓形菌

建立了一种弓形菌(Arcobacter)快速、敏感、特异的PCR检测方法。采用PCR技术扩增弓形菌编码RNA聚合酶β亚基的rpoB基因,并对该方法进行特异性和敏感性测试。结果只有弓形菌在205bp处出现目的扩增带,其他菌株扩增结果均为阴性。该法对弓形菌的检测限可达8.20×102cfu/mL。建立的PCR方法具有操作简便、准确可靠以及灵敏特异的特点,为食品中弓形菌的快速检测提供了新的手段。      

A novel real-time polymerase chain reaction method for the qualitative detection of pistachio in food

In order to provide an appropriate method for the detection of pistachio (Pistacia vera) in food products, a novel real-time PCR was developed. The pistachio-specific primers and the TaqMan fluorogenic probe were designed to target the internal transcribed spacer between 18S ribosomal RNA and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes. Using dilutions of the pistachio DNA, the intrinsic detection limit of the method was determined to be 0.012 pg. At specificity testing, the method was positive for 11 pistachio varieties and negative for 26 plant and animal species used in food industry. A detection limit of 0.0004% (w/w) was determined for pistachio nuts in model pastry. Practical applicability of the elaborated method was tested by the analysis of 44 food samples, out of which 7 food products were identified as containing undeclared pistachio. The developed real-time PCR may be utilized for sensitive and selective detection of pistachio in food products.     

A novel real-time polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of pecan nuts in food

A real-time PCR-based method for the detection of the pecan (Carya illinoiensis) component in food is described. The method consists of DNA isolation by chaotropic solid phase extraction and the subsequent PCR with pecan-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe. The primers and the probe are targeted to the putative gene for allergenic vicilin-like seed storage protein of pecan. The method was positive for 10 pecan varieties and negative for all other tested plant materials used in food industry, including walnut. The intrinsic detection limit of the method was 1 pg pecan DNA which corresponds to 1.2 haploid genome copies. Using a series of model pastry samples with defined pecan contents, a practical detection limit of 0.01% (w/w) pecan was estimated. Practical applicability of the PCR method was tested by the analysis of 13 food samples; no discrepancies between the declared and detected pecan contents were found. The presented PCR method is useful for sensitive and selective detection of pecans in food samples and can be performed in one working day.     

A novel real-time polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of macadamia nuts in food

A real-time PCR-based method for the detection of macadamia nuts (fruits of Macadamia integrifolia or M. tetraphylla or their hybrids) in food products is described. The method consists of DNA isolation by chaotropic solid phase extraction and subsequent PCR with macadamia-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe. The primers and the probe were targeted to the gene encoding for vicilin precursor. The method was positive for M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla and negative for 16 other plant species used in food industry, including peanuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachio nuts, cashew nuts, Brazil nuts, and chestnuts. The DNA-based detection limit of the method was 1.45 pg. Using a series of model samples with defined macadamia nut contents, a practical detection limit of 0.02% (w/w) macadamia nuts was determined. Practical applicability of the PCR method was tested by the analysis of 14 confectionery samples. For all of the samples, results conforming to the labeling were obtained. The presented PCR method is useful for relatively fast, highly selective, and moderately sensitive detection of macadamia nuts in food samples.     

基于双重聚合酶链式反应技术检测掺假驴乳中的牛乳

目的 建立双重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术检测驴乳中掺假的牛乳的鉴别方法 。方法 将牛乳按比例掺入驴乳制备掺假乳,经热处理提取DNA,以驴和牛的12S-RNA、16S-RNA为靶标设计特异性引物,进行相应的PCR扩增,优化双重PCR退火温度,同时考察该方法 在巴氏杀菌、高温灭菌和冷冻干燥条件下的适用性及灵敏度。结果 牛和驴的引物特异性均良好,与非目标物种DNA不发生交叉反应,DNA检出限最低为10 ng;优化后的双重PCR最佳退火温度为55.7℃;单重PCR由于干扰因素少,对驴乳中牛乳的掺假检出限均为0.1%,而双重PCR也表现出较好的适用性及灵敏性,在原料乳中检出限为0.5%,巴氏杀菌乳、高温灭菌乳和冷冻干燥驴乳中检出限均为2.0%。相较于单重PCR,双重PCR大大缩短了检测时间成本。结论 本研究为驴乳中牛乳的掺假检测提供了一种准确、灵敏和经济的方法 ,具有实际参考价值。     

Direct quantification and distribution of tetracycline-resistant genes in meat samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction

The evolution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has become a threat to food safety and methods to control them are necessary. Counts of tetracycline-resistant (TR) bacteria by microbiological methods were compared with those obtained by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 80 meat samples. TR Enterobacteriaceae counts were similar between the count plate method and qPCR (P= 0.24), whereas TR aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts were significantly higher by the microbiological method (P < 0.001). The distribution of tetA and tetB genes was investigated in different types of meat. tetA was detected in chicken meat (40%), turkey meat (100%), pork (20%), and beef (40%) samples, whereas tetB was detected in chicken meat (45%), turkey meat (70%), pork (30%), and beef (35%) samples. The presence of tetracycline residues was also investigated by a receptor assay. This study offers an alternative and rapid method for monitoring the presence of TR bacteria in meat and furthers the understanding of the distribution of tetA and tetB genes.