Sn-Ni复合润滑剂填充钨钢微凹痕表面的摩擦学性能

提高钨钢的摩擦学性能,对于提高钨基材料机械零部件使用精度与服役寿命,具有重要的意义。采用激光加工方法在钨钢表面加工微凹痕结构,通过高温熔渗的方式将Sn-Ni复合润滑剂熔渗到钨钢微凹痕结构中,制备Sn-Ni复合润滑剂填充钨钢试样,利用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机对其减摩抗磨性能进行测试。结果表明：Sn-Ni复合润滑剂填充钨钢试样具有优异的摩擦学性能,相比纯钨钢,摩擦因数降低19%以上,磨损率降低50%以上;在低载荷高频率下,Sn-Ni润滑剂与来自基体材料的磨屑实现了良好的协同作用,使得Sn-Ni复合润滑剂填充钨钢试样具有更好的减摩抗磨性能。     

激光微织构表面黏结型固体润滑膜性能研究

采用声光调Q二极管泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器在45#钢表面进行织构化处理,并填充不同的黏结MoS2基复合固体润滑剂;在销盘线接触的摩擦磨损试验机上研究含不同配比复合固体润滑剂的织构表面的滚动摩擦性能。研究结果表明:织构表面填充黏接型复合固体润滑剂改善了其摩擦性能,其中填充含质量分数50%MoS2复合固体润滑剂的织构表面的摩擦因数最低;在线接触滚动过程中,黏结MoS2基复合固体润滑剂织构表面的摩擦因数均随着载荷和转速的增大而减小,这是因为高速重载促进了转移膜在对偶面的形成,该转移膜显示出良好的减摩性能。     

微织构光固化填充h-BN的巴氏合金表面摩擦学性能

为了提高巴氏合金在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,在巴氏合金表面加工凹坑微织构并利用光固化填充方法填充六方氮化硼(h-BN)固体润滑剂,制备出h-BN与表面微织构相结合的复合润滑结构。研究复合润滑结构在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能及其减摩润滑机制。结果表明：复合润滑结构的摩擦学性能远高于未织构面和纯织构面;当凹坑微织构直径较小时,织构密度为10%～20%时,复合润滑结构摩擦因数较小,而凹坑直径较大时,随着织构密度的增加,复合润滑结构摩擦因数逐渐减小;当织构密度小于20%时,凹坑直径较小的复合润滑结构摩擦因数小,当织构密度达到30%时,随着凹坑直径的增加,复合润滑结构摩擦因数减小。复合润滑结构能够改善巴氏合金表面摩擦学性能,是因为h-BN固体润滑剂的释放在巴氏合金表面形成了固体润滑薄膜,避免了润滑油膜较薄处的巴氏合金表面直接与45钢表面接触,且释放h-BN固体润滑剂后的微织构凹坑可以起到收集磨粒,储存润滑油的作用。     

立方氮化硼复合固体涂层的摩擦学性能研究

将固体润滑剂MoS2、WS2、Sb2O3与立方氮化硼（CBN）复配制备成复合固体涂层,通过正交试验确定复合固体涂层各组元的最优配比,在高温高压条件下考察复合固体涂层的摩擦学性能。试验结果表明,CBN、WS2、MoS2、Sb2O3的质量比为3∶2∶2∶1时,制备的CBN复合固体涂层摩擦因数最低,其中CBN和WS2在复合涂层中起主要的减摩抗磨作用。制备的CBN复合固体涂层在高温高压下仍具有优良的减摩抗磨性能,其摩擦因数随温度的升高而增加,随压力的增加而降低。     

几种含氟润滑剂摩擦学性能研究

研究了3种俄制ФОРУМ聚四氟乙烯润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能,并采用红外光谱分析了其结构。结果表明,俄制PTFE润滑剂摩擦性能优异,特别适合高载荷工况机械的减摩耐磨;其减摩抗磨机制是PTFE超细粒子进入摩擦表面形成了高强度的物理化学吸附膜。     

复合润滑结构表面在油润滑下的减摩性能*

为研究不同表面处理方式对巴氏合金/45钢配副表面减摩性能的影响,采用热压固化工艺将六方氮化硼封装于表面织构内,制备复合润滑结构表面;在油润滑下进行销-盘磨损试验,使用递归定量分析（Recurrence quantification analysis,RQA）参数划分磨损过程;研究复合润滑结构表面在磨合期和正常磨损期的减摩性能,并与纯织构表面减摩性能进行对比。结果表明：复合润滑结构表面拥有较低摩擦因数和显著减摩效果,其减摩性能优于纯织构表面;相比无织构表面,复合润滑结构表面在磨合期内的平均摩擦因数下降77.9%,在正常磨损期内的平均摩擦因数下降73.5%且磨合期的时长缩减75.0%;较大织构孔径的复合润滑结构表面的减摩效果更好且磨合期更短;纯织构和复合润滑结构表面的减摩效果均在较高速度和载荷下更显著;各试样表面在磨合期的摩擦因数越低,对应进入正常磨损期后就越低。     

钻井液用植物油润滑剂的制备及摩擦学性能研究

为了使钻井液用植物油润滑剂在高压和高温氧化后仍具有良好的抗磨减摩性能,将层状固体润滑剂石墨、蛇纹石加入植物油中,合成了几种含固体润滑剂的钻井液用植物油润滑剂;利用UMT-2球盘式摩擦试验机考察了各润滑剂的摩擦性能;在摇臂钻床上模拟钻探的摩擦工况,考察了合成的润滑剂的抗磨性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了钻头的磨损形貌。结果表明,在植物油中添加石墨、蛇纹石可以降低植物油的摩擦因数和摩擦副的磨损,同时可使植物油在高温氧化后仍能保持良好的减摩抗磨性能。     

激光微造型表面固体润滑性能研究

采用声光调Q二极管泵浦固体光源(DPSS)Nd:YAG激光器,在45#钢试样表面进行表面微造型加工。以聚酰亚胺(PI)和二硫化钼(MoS2)复合固体润滑材料作为固体润滑剂,通过两步加温固化黏结工艺成功制备微造型固体润滑试样。在MMW-1A型摩擦磨损试验机上进行光滑无润滑试样、光滑表面固体润滑试样和微造型固体润滑试样的摩擦性能对比试验,以及微造型固体润滑试样在不同转速和压力下的摩擦性能试验。结果表明,在经过激光加工的微凹坑中填充复合固体润滑材料的试样,在摩擦过程中微凹坑中填充的固体润滑材料能有效转移到在摩擦表面,补充消耗掉的润滑材料,因而表现出更好的摩擦学性能。     

石墨烯/纳米铜复合润滑油添加剂摩擦学性能研究

采用改进的Hummers方法制备石墨烯,并采用纳米激光粒度仪和X射线衍射仪对其进行表征。使用油酸和十八胺对纳米铜和石墨烯进行表面修饰,以改善其在润滑油中的分散稳定性;通过四球实验及缸套-活塞环变载荷摩擦磨损实验,评价石墨烯和纳米铜复合添加剂在润滑油中的减摩抗磨特性。采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）观察试样磨损表面形貌,分析石墨烯和纳米铜复合添加剂的减摩抗磨机制。结果表明,石墨烯/纳米铜复合添加剂的加入使润滑油具有更加优异的抗磨减摩性能,且优于单一纳米铜或石墨烯添加剂;在摩擦过程中,石墨烯和纳米铜对摩擦副表面的凹槽和划痕进行了填充,使得磨损表面珩磨纹更加细密;同时,复合添加剂在摩擦过程中在摩擦表面形成了含有铜元素和碳元素的薄膜,起到了自修复作用。     

硬质合金表面正弦微织构对其摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

为了探讨微织构对硬质合金表面摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用激光技术在硬质合金表面制备了一种正弦状沟槽型微织构,并在UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机上进行直线往复式摩擦磨损试验。试验分别在不同载荷、滑动速度和润滑条件下,对微织构化硬质合金表面的摩擦磨损性能进行评价。研究表明:硬质合金表面加工微织构并添加固体润滑脂能够有效降低硬质合金表面的摩擦系数;在同等条件下,正弦型微沟槽表面比传统直线型微沟槽表面具有更好的减磨性能;在高载荷和高滑动速度并添加润滑脂的条件下,正弦型微织构试样表面的减磨性能最好。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.