双连续复合材料SiC/Fe-40Cr与SiC/Al2618合金干摩擦磨损行为的实验研究与数值分析(英文)

利用环环式摩擦磨损试验机研究双连续复合材料SiC/Fe40Cr与SiC/2618Al合金在滑动速度30~105m/s,载荷1.0~2.5MPa条件下的干摩擦磨损性能。实验结果表明,在较高的载荷和滑动速度下,SiCn/2618Al复合材料的磨损机制是两体磨料磨损和氧化磨损。作为增强相的连续网络结构的SiC陶瓷可避免通常发生在传统的粒子增强复合材料上的第三体磨损现象。机械混合层(MML)极大地控制了复合材料的磨损速率和摩擦系数。在进行较高的滑动速度测试时,由于机械混合层的间歇的生形和消除,复合材料表现出较高的摩擦系数和波动。为了便于有限元模型(FEM)计算,用一个连续结构单元来代表三维碳化硅结构增强铝基复合材料的微观结构。利用有限元模型(FEM)预测的复合材料磨损和应力应变数据与实验数据一致     

二硼化钛对Al2024−TiB2非原位复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

用搅拌铸造法制备不同质量分数二硼化钛(TiB2)颗粒增强的铝基复合材料,并研究其摩擦磨损性能.采用销?盘式摩擦试验机对Al2024?TiB2复合材料进行干滑动磨损试验.为了研究摩擦学参数对复合材料的影响,对载荷、滑动距离和滑动速度等参数进行调整.显微组织表征结果表明,TiB2颗粒分散均匀并与基体有良好的结合.实验结果表...     

Microstructure and wear performance of Al5083/CeO2/SiC mono and hybrid surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing

Friction stir processing (FSP) was utilized to produce surface composites by incorporating nano-sized cerium oxide (CeO₂) and silicon carbide (SiC) particles individually and in combined form into the Al5083 alloy matrix. The study signified the role of these reinforcements on microstructure and wear behavior of the resultant surface composite layers. The wear characteristics of the resultant mono and hybrid surface composite layers were investigated using a pin-on-disc wear tester at room temperature. The microstructural observations of FSPed regions and the worn out surfaces were performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Considerable grain refinement and uniform distribution of reinforcement particles were achieved inside the nugget zone. All the composite samples showed higher hardness and wear resistance compared to the base metal. Among the composite samples, the hybrid composite (Al5083/CeO₂/SiC) revealed the highest wear resistance and the lowest friction coefficient, whereas the Al5083/SiC composite exhibited the highest hardness, i.e., 1.5 times as hard as that of the Al5083 base metal. The enhancement in wear behavior of the hybrid composites was attributed to the solid lubrication effect provided by CeO₂ particles. The predominant wear mechanism was identified as severe adhesive in non-composite samples, which changed to abrasive wear and delamination in the presence of reinforcing particles.     

A Fractional Factorial Design Study of Reciprocating Wear Behavior of Al-Si-SiC<Subscript>p</Subscript> Composites at Lubricated Contacts

The lubricated reciprocating wear behavior of two composites A319/15%SiC_p and A390/15%SiC_p produced by the liquid metallurgy route was investigated by means of an indigenously developed reciprocating friction wear test rig using a fractional factorial-design approach. The main purpose was to study the influence of wear and friction test parameters such as applied load, sliding distance, reciprocating velocity, counter surface temperature and silicon content in composites, as well as their interactions on the wear and friction characteristics of these composites. Two output responses (wear loss and coefficient of friction) were measured. The input parameter levels were fixed through pilot experiment conducted in the newly developed reciprocating friction and wear test rig. The counter surface material used for the wear study was cast iron having Vickers hardness of 244 HVN. It had been demonstrated through established equations that A390/15%SiC_p composite is subjected to low wear compared to the A319/15%SiC_p composite. The experimental results indicate that the proposed mathematical models suggested could adequately describe the performance indicators within the limits of the factors that are being investigated. The applied load, sliding distance, reciprocating velocity, counter surface temperature, and silicon content in composite are the five important factors controlling the friction and wear characteristics of the composite in lubricated condition. Moreover, the two factor interactions have a strong effect on the wear of composites. The results give a comprehensive insight into the wear of the composites.     

应用模压铸造法制造的Al2O3f/SiCp混杂增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损行为（英文）

研究了通过模压铸造方法制造的氧化铝纤维与碳化硅颗粒混合增强铝基复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能。分别在室温、110℃,以及150℃条件下,进行了恒速0.36m/s(570r/min)的销盘式摩擦磨损实验。采用扫描电子显微镜观察干磨损表面特征,采用Arrhenius作图法研究相对磨损率,以便于进一步研究磨损机制。此外,讨论了纤维的方向性和纤维与颗粒的混合比作用。     

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of a Novel 6351 Al-(Al4SiC4 + SiC) Hybrid Composite

In this research study, the dry sliding wear behaviors of 6351 Al alloy and its composites with single and hybrid reinforcements (ex situ SiC and in situ Al₄SiC₄) were investigated at low sliding speed (1 ms^?1) against a hardened EN 31 disk at different loads. In general, the wear mechanism involved adhesion (coupled with subsurface cracking) and microcutting-abrasion at lower loads. With higher loads, abrasive wear involving microcutting and microplowing along with adherent oxide formation was observed. At higher loads, the abrasive wear mechanism caused rapid wear loss initially up to a certain sliding distance beyond which, by virtue of frictional heat generation and associated temperature rise, an adherent oxide layer was developed at the pin surface, which drastically reduced the wear loss. Moreover, the overall wear rates of all the composites (either single or hybrid reinforcement) were found to be lower than that of the 6351 Al alloy at all applied loads. The ex situ SiC particles were found to resist abrasive wear; while, in situ Al₄SiC₄ particles offered resistance to adhesive wear. Accordingly, the 6351 Al-(SiC + Al₄SiC₄) hybrid composite exhibited the best wear resistance among all composites.     

Influence of addition of Grp/Al2O3p with SiCp on wear properties of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 hybrid composites via friction stir processing

Aluminum alloy base surface hybrid composites were fabricated by incorporating with mixture of (SiC+Gr) and (SiC+Al₂O₃) particles of 20 μm in average size on an aluminum alloy 6061-T6 plate using friction stir processing (FSP). Microstructures of both the surface hybrid composites revealed that SiC, Gr and Al₂O₃are uniformly dispersed in the nugget zone (NZ). It was observed that the addition of Gr particles rather than Al₂O₃ particles with SiC particles, decreases the microhardness but immensely increases the dry sliding wear resistance of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 surface hybrid composite. The observed microhardness and wear properties are correlated with microstructures and worn micrographs.     

Sliding wear resistance of sintered SiC-fiber bonded ceramics

Advanced SiC-based ceramics and fiber reinforced composites are interesting materials for a wide variety of applications involving sliding wear conditions because of their excellent thermomechanical properties. The microstructure and wear resistance of sintered SiC fiber bonded ceramics (SA Tyrannohex) were studied. The material is composed of SiC-fibers in two orientations, with polygonal cross sections and cores having higher carbon content than their surroundings, as observed with SEM. A thin layer of C exists between the fibers. This layer has been found to be a turbostratic-layered structure oriented parallel to the fiber surface. XRD shows that the material is highly crystalline and composed mostly of β-SiC. Unlubricated wear behavior of the SA-Tyrannohex material when sliding against a Si₃N₄ ball in air at room temperature was evaluated. Experiments were performed using a pin on disk apparatus, under different normal loads of 2, 5 and 10 N at sliding speeds of 25, 50, 100 mm/s. A decrease of the friction coefficient with load was found due to the presence of the turbostratic carbon layer between the fibers. Wear rates of the order of 100 mm³/MJ were obtained, independently of sliding speed. Microfracture of the fibers is the main wear mechanism.     

Abrasive wear performance of zirconium diboride based ceramic composite

The present study focuses on the wear behavior of a pressure-less sintered ZrB₂–20 vol% SiC composite in dry sliding interaction against the electroplated diamond disc. Pressure-less sintering was carried out at 2000 °C for 2 h in an argon atmosphere. Sintered composite possesses 98% of the theoretical density, and primarily microstructure contains ZrB₂ and SiC phases. The sliding wear of the investigated composite has been studied in pin-on-disc equipment at room temperature at different combinations of loads and sliding speeds to examine the influences of the test parameters on wear mechanism. The results show that the elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness for ZrB₂ 20 vol% SiC are 442 ± 4.5 GPa, 16.5 ± 0.5 GPa, and 5.67 MPa√m, respectively. Results also show that the specific wear rate of the ZrB₂-SiC composite increases continuously with increasing the applied loads whereas, it decreases with increasing sliding speed. XRD analyses of worn surfaces suggest that the phase transformation from ZrB₂ to ZrO₂ may occur due to frictional heating during sliding. The specific wear rates are in the order of ~10⁻⁶–10⁻⁸ cm²/Nm. The post wear test characterization suggests that oxidation dominates mild wear with low roughness values at low load and high sliding speed, whereas at high loads and low sliding speed severe wear mechanism is observed with high roughness values and deep grooves in surfaces. The mixed mode (oxidative–grain pullout-micro-cutting) wear mechanism is controlling the severe wear.     

Influence of SiC particle size on the structure and tribological properties of Ni-Co composites

Ni-Co composites incorporated with SiC particles of nano and micron size were produced by electrodeposition. The effect of cobalt content on the particle incorporation, microhardness, surface morphology and tribological behaviour has been studied. The Ni rich Ni-Co composite exhibited enhanced microhardness values. However, no appreciable increase in the microhardness was observed for Co rich Ni-Co-SiC composites. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction studies were used to characterize the coatings. A change in surface morphology, phase structure and SiC incorporation was observed with increase in cobalt content. Pin-on-disc tribo tester was employed to study the wear and friction behaviour of the Ni-Co-SiC coatings. The tribo studies indicated that the wear volume loss was less for micron SiC reinforced Ni-Co composites compared to nano SiC reinforced composites. However, no appreciable variation in the coefficient of friction was observed for both Ni rich and Co rich Ni-Co-SiC composites.     

微织构对铜基自润滑复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的 针对活塞环在高温高压、循环往复的惯性力等工况下与气缸极易磨损的问题,以栓盘模型为试验对象,研究圆形微织构对铜基自润滑复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,以期提高两者的耐磨损性能。明确微织构在不同工况下与复合材料摩擦磨损行为之间的联系,建立表面微织构设计准则。方法 采用CT-MF20型光纤雕刻激光打标机在45#钢表面加工制备出直径为0.2 mm的圆形微织构,并通过栓-盘形式在HT-1000型摩擦磨损试验机上对圆形织构化45#钢进行摩擦性能试验,考察圆形微织构在不同载荷(2、10、20 N)及不同滑动距离(1.88 m和18.84 m)下的摩擦磨损情况,而且借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析摩擦表面的显微结构和形貌,通过能谱仪(EDS)结果分析摩擦表面元素积累情况。此外,为了与之形成对比每组均设有无织构的45#钢试验。结果 在摩擦试验中,载荷为20 N、滑动距离为18.84 m时圆形织构的摩擦磨损性能最优,平均摩擦因数降幅随着滑动距离的增加从11%增加到23.5%,同时栓和盘表面形貌磨损也明显比其他条件的试件要小。在EDS结果中发现圆形织构表面的氧元素更多,集中分布在织构里。结论 当载荷为20 N、滑动距离为18.84 m时,圆形织构的减摩效果最好,摩擦因数稳定,栓盘磨损表面变得光滑,这归因于圆形织构盘表面棘轮效应明显,并形成连续稳定的转移润滑膜,从而减小磨损。     

Effect of SiC size dimensions on the corrosion wear resistance of the electrodeposited composite coating

Advances in materials' performance often require the development of composite systems, of which coated materials are one form. The abrasion and corrosion resistance of components can be greatly increased by protective coatings and this is a growing industry of considerable economic importance. This paper aims with a comparative wear corrosion study of pure nickel and Ni‐SiC nano structured composite coating. All the experiments concerning the effects of the rotation speed and the applied load on the corrosion behaviour and friction coefficient were carried out using the 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ neutral solution. The E_corr values measured at different disc rotation speeds and different friction loads show some differences between the two types of coatings. For wear corrosion tests an apparatus constructed in the Electrochemistry Laboratory, Dept. of Materials Engineering of Trento University was used. A PMMA cell contained the test solution and a transmission shaft with the tested sample, in the shape of a disc (diameter 40 mm and height 18 mm), connected to an electrical motor. A moving rod held an alumina parallelepiped counterface and the imposing load system thus obtaining a sliding type wear system.     

Microstructural and abrasive wear properties of SiC reinforced aluminum-based composite produced by compocasting

The effect of SiC particles reinforcement with average size of 1, 5, 20 and 50 μm and volume fraction of 5%, 10% and 15% on the microstructure and tribological properties of Al-based composite was investigated. Composites were produced by applying compocasting process. Tribological properties of the unreinforced alloy and composites were studied using pin-on-disc wear tester, under dry sliding conditions at different specific loads. The influence of secondary mechanical processing with different rolling reductions on the dry sliding wear characteristics of Al matrix composites was also assessed. Hardness measurement and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural characterization and investigation of worn surfaces and wear debris. The proper selection of process parameter such as pouring temperature, stirring speed, stirring time, pre-heated temperature of reinforcement can all influence the quality of the fabricated composites. The porosity level of composite should be minimized and the chemical reaction between the reinforcement and matrix should be avoided.     

Sliding wear characteristics of solid lubricant coating on titanium alloy surface modified by laser texturing and ternary hard coatings

Titanium alloys are poor in wear resistance and it is not suitable under sliding conditions even with lubrication because of its severe adhesive wear tendency. The surface modifications through texturing and surface coating were used to enhance the surface properties of the titanium alloy substrate. Hard and wear resistant coatings such as TiAlN and AlCrN were applied over textured titanium alloy surfaces with chromium as interlayer. To improve the friction and wear resisting performance of hard coatings further, solid lubricant, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), was deposited on dimples made over hard coatings. Unidirectional sliding wear tests were performed with pin on disc contact geometry, to evaluate the tribological performance of coated substrates. The tests were performed under three different normal loads for a period of 40 min at sliding velocity of 2 m/s. The tribological behaviours of multi-layer coatings such as coating structure, friction coefficient and specific wear rate were investigated and analyzed. The lower friction coefficient of approximately 0.1 was found at the early sliding stage, which reduces the material transfer and increases the wear life. Although, the friction coefficient increased to high values after MoS₂ coating was partially removed, substrate was still protected against wear by underlying hard composite layer.     

预制块重熔法制备的SiC/Al复合材料的磨损性能研究

本文采用含高体积分数SiC颗粒预制体在高能超声搅拌下加入铝熔体的方法制备SiCP/Al复合材料,研究了复合材料的微观组织特征、硬度和摩擦磨损性能。实验结果表明：高能超声重熔预制块的方法制备的复合材料基体组织形态均匀细小,SiCP颗粒在复合材料中弥散分布,与基体间结合良好;随着SiCP颗粒体积分数的增加,复合材料的硬度上升,耐磨性显著提高。通过对复合材料磨损表面的SEM观察分析表明,在干摩擦条件下,复合材料的磨损机理为微切削磨损和表层剥落及部分粘着磨损的综合作用。     

Thermally Sprayed SiC Coatings for Offshore Wind Turbine Bearing Applications

Tribological tests were conducted on thermally sprayed silicon carbide (SiC) coatings to investigate its potential on reducing wear in offshore wind turbine bearings. The tests were carried out under dry conditions, 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, and polyalfaolefin (PAO)-lubricated conditions. In order to obtain good quality SiC coatings, it is compulsory to modify the feedstock to limit SiC decomposition during atmospheric spraying process. The SiC feedstock used in this research has been modified with yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂) oxide additives that originated from its metal salt precursors. High-frequency pulse detonation (HFPD) technique has been utilized to produce coatings of around 100 μm in thickness. The sliding tests have recorded the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.15 in PAO condition and the highest COF of 0.50 in dry sliding. The wear tracks morphology show that during dry sliding test, the coatings experience abrasive wear accompanied by tribo-oxidation reaction that initiates crack formation along the splat boundaries. On the other two sliding test conditions (NaCl and PAO), polishing of asperities and some grain plowing from the splats were observed in the wear tracks. Tribochemical wear was found to be the main mechanism producing smooth surfaces. Nevertheless, in all cases, the wear losses were negligible.     

Sliding behavior and wear mechanism of iron and cobalt-based high-temperature alloys against WC and SiC balls

The sliding behaviors of two typical high-temperature alloys of GH2132 and GH605 against WC and SiC balls were investigated at environments from room temperature to 800 °C with a sliding speed of 50 to 125 m/min under a load of 10 to 20 N. The wear performances of high-temperature alloys, WC and SiC balls were rated and their mechanisms were discussed. The four sliding pairs exhibited the markedly different sliding behaviours, in which the GH2132/WC sliding pair had the maximum friction coefficient with 125 m/min under 10 N at room temperature. The variation trends of ball wear rates with the ambient temperature were at odds with those of friction coefficient. The higher friction coefficient did not always lead balls to suffer from the higher wear rate. The maximum worn depth approximated to 250 μm for the GH2132/WC sliding pair with higher friction coefficient. The GH605/WC sliding pair exhibited the lower friction coefficient and lower worn depth of plate. Whether at room temperature or high temperature, the GH605/SiC sliding pair significantly exhibited good wear resistance with a minor damage of ball and plate despite of its higher friction coefficient.     

Fe-Al/SiC复合涂层组织及摩擦磨损性能研究

利用高速火焰喷涂技术制备出Fe-Al／SiC复合涂层，在MM-Al立式磨损试验机上对涂层常温下的摩擦磨损特性进行研究。采用扫描电镜、能谱、金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪，对涂层的组织形貌和相组成以及磨损后的表面形貌进行观察分析。研究表明，涂层的基体为Fe-Al相，具有典型的层状结构、较高的结合强度和显微硬度，孔隙率低；SiC硬质相分布于涂层之中，对涂层起到了颗粒强化和弥散强化的作用；涂层在常温干摩擦条件下具有良好的耐磨损性能，磨粒造成的剥层磨损是涂层的主要磨损机理。     

粉末冶金法SiC_p/Mg基复合材料的力学性能和阻尼性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了SiC颗粒增强纯镁基复合材料,研究了它的力学性能与阻尼性能。SiC颗粒的加入显著提高了纯镁基复合材料的力学性能和阻尼性能。其中,10μm SiCp/Mg基复合材料的力学性能最好;室温下复合材料的阻尼性能优于纯镁的;纯镁及其SiC颗粒增强复合材料的内耗-温度曲线在100℃～150℃的温度范围内均出现与位错有关的内耗峰,随后随温度的升高内耗值继续增加,20μm SiCp/Mg基复合材料在200℃～250℃的温度范围内出现与界面滑移有关的内耗峰。     

Tribological Properties of Ni<Subscript>3</Subscript>Al Matrix Composite Sliding Against Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript>, SiC and Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> at Elevated Temperatures

The Ni₃Al matrix self-lubricating composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy technique. The tribological behavior of the composite sliding against commercial Si₃N₄, SiC and Al₂O₃ ceramic balls was investigated from 20 to 1000 °C. It was found that the composite demonstrated excellent lubricating properties with different friction pairs at a wide temperature range, which can be attributed to the synergetic effect of Ag, fluorides, and molybdates formed by oxidations. The Ni₃Al matrix self-lubricating composite/Si₃N₄ couple possessed the stable friction coefficient and wear rate.