Competitive tendering for refurbishment work

The investigation was undertaken as part of a larger study to evaluate a large body of UK contractors' claim of higher risk exposure in refurbishment work. The bidding set or number of bidders in a project; the bid spread or 'money left on the table' by the lowest bidder and, the success rate and competitive mix in tendering were used to gauge the competition in tendering. On balance, it may be concluded that the probability of winning a competitive tender for refurbishment work is higher than in new build work.     

新建筑和建筑翻新专用双面外部装饰面板

Formica集团设计的Vivix。装饰防雨覆层。无论是用在建筑的整体覆层中形成一种独特的设计风格．还是与其他的覆层材料结合使用。都可以说是为建筑面板领域带来了一个全新的视角。     

Performance evaluation of operational energy use in refurbishment,reuse, and conservation of heritage buildings for optimum sustainability

The operational phase of a building project has increasingly gained importance with their energy performance becoming valuable and determining their operational excellence. In most heritage building projects (HBPs), the operational energy use aspects areless considered, and a systematic way of analyzing their energy performance following project delivery is often lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the operational performance of refurbishment and reuse of UK listed church projects. The objective is to assess the operational energyuse with a view to optimizing their sustainable performance. The methodology includes eight selected case study buildings refurbished and converted for multipurpose use. The case study approach provided qualitative insights into how the study contributes to a more structured requirements for energy management in HBPs with specific attention to energy-efficient building operations. The findings show the need to focus on fundamental areas of operational management (i.e.by developing and implementing more focused policy on operational energy performance of heritage buildings) to minimize the energy required to operate them. The challenges of implementing changes in operational energy performance improvement of heritage buildings are addressed in the form of recommendations that could lead to real results. The study concludes that leveraging these areas requires commitment from all heritage building stakeholders because they all have substantial roles in harmonizing the requirement for the project's sustainability and not just the building operators. Meanwhile, baseline project planning, periodic updating, monitoring, and managing the energy use pattern are suggested as measures that could greatly facilitate better energy performance to optimizing their sustainable reuse compared with the traditional approach of trying to improve their thermal performance.     

Collaborative design: a process model for refurbishment

Collaborative design related to refurbishment projects is a complex process. The number of parties involved compounds this complexity. So too the iterative nature of design whereby information flow and decision rules are typically nonlinear. Hypermedia is therefore suggested as an appropriate medium as well as a tool to model this process. By reviewing the refurbishment of mechanical and electrical (m and e) equipment within a shopping center, the appropriateness of a hypermedia paradigm is examined. In this way, primary information elements and relations between such elements are identified. These form the basis for the development of the hypermedia model described in this paper.     

The impact of energy efficient refurbishment on the space heating fuel consumption in English dwellings

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a major domestic energy efficiency refurbishment programme on domestic space heating fuel consumption. The case study dwellings were monitored either before or after (or both) the introduction of energy efficiency retrofit measures such as cavity wall insulation, loft insulation, draught stripping and energy efficient heating system. Property and utility consumption data were collected and half-hourly living room and main bedroom temperatures were monitored for 2–4 week period over two winters from a total of 1372 households selected from five major urban areas in England. Space heating fuel consumption was normalized to account for variation in the indoor–outdoor temperature difference and the dwelling floor area. The findings show that cavity wall and loft insulation can reduce the space heating fuel consumption by 10% in centrally heated properties and 17% in non-centrally heated properties. However, the introduction of a gas central heating system, although theoretically more efficient, has no significant impact in reducing fuel consumption even after adjusting for increased internal temperature.     

北京城市保护与改造的现状与问题

对北京市危房改造的现状及其所面临的问题 ,北京市古城与历史保护区的保护现状进行了分析 ,并提出了值得进一步探讨的几个问题     

上海江湾体育场看台防水修复工程的方案设计

介绍了上海江湾体育场看台防水现状及修复目标．提出了工程防水修复原则．指出了几种单一防水修复方案的不足．并论述了多重防水修复的优化方案及其特点．     

Insulating existing flats : energy benefits and costs

Final results are yet to be published, but provisional data from extensive energy-saving measures on a block of flats in Copenhagen indicate that energy consumption can be cut by up to 40 per cent. The problem really concerns benefits in relation to costs.

The author, a civil engineer by training, is coordinator of energy projects for existing buildings sponsored by the Danish Ministry of Trade. He is also energy secretary of Sofus-Byg, a joint public-private body for co-ordinating research and development in Denmark.     

GA-based decision support system for housing condition assessment and refurbishment strategies

Refurbishment work involves improvement, upgrading, renovation, retrofit, and repair of existing housing. With limited land usage and being aware of sustainability, the refurbishment market has faced increasing needs worldwide. During the long life cycle period of housing, most residents are undoubtedly faced with refurbishment requirements. However, it is not easy to make assessment and refurbishment related decisions due to the lack of knowledge and experience. This study presents Genetic algorithm-based on-line decision support system (DSS) to help residents easily conduct the housing condition assessment and offers optimal refurbishment actions considering the trade-off between cost and quality. Two refurbishment models are developed to explore the relationship among the life cycle cost, restoration cost and improved quality. The result reveals the proposed DSS solves the problems arising from asymmetric information and conflicting interests between residents and contractors, as well as improves traditional housing condition assessment to be more effective and efficient.     

Perceptions and management of the risks in tendering for refurbishment work

Dr Quah Lee Kiang of the School of Building and Estate Management at the National University of Singapore, presents the results of a survey to investigate a large body of UK contractors' claims that they were subjected to higher risks in refurbishment work; this higher risk exposure being reflected in the greater variability in tender bids for such work.     

Occupant comfort in UK offices—How adaptive comfort theories might influence future low energy office refurbishment strategies

With the UK commercial sector replacing buildings at 1–1.5% per year adaptations to existing buildings are needed to maintain comfort levels, while reducing energy use and carbon emissions.     

建筑物翻修中的铅危害

屋面承包商经常会碰到为住宅和商业建筑更换檐槽、挑口饰以及某些构件底部的工作，然而大多数人并没有意识到这些原来使用的材料会给客户带来潜在的危险，而且他们对自己有责任向客户告知这种危险也不太清楚。     

Drivers of moderate increase in cooling energy use inresidential buildings in Hong Kong

Increase in cooling energy usage of the residential sector in Hong Kong has been moderate in the most recent ten years(2004-2013).Factors and drivers responsible for this are of interest to policy makers in search of performance improvement but such information is not available in extant literature.This paper reviews the policy instruments introduced in Hong Kong during this period of time and examines the different engineering factors contributing to improvements in cooling energy efficiency.Whether the policy instruments have been instrumental in bringing about changes in engineering design and thus improvement in cooling energy efficiency is evaluated on the basis of the equipment and building envelope characteristics of 64 residential developments in Hong Kong.Different statistical analyses reveal that the use of more energy efficient room air-conditioning units(COP),smaller window-to-wall ratios(WWR)and walls with higher U-values are the engineering factors(WallU)that have contributed to moderation of growth of energy consumption;these were driven by policies introduced by the Hong Kong Government.Regarding the sensitivity of the three engineering factors,it was found that COP was the highest amounting to 0.455,followed in descending order by Wal-1U and WWR.Their sensitivities were 0.289 and 0.006,respectively.     

Low carbon housing refurbishment challenges and incentives: Architects’ perspectives

The UK has a legally binding commitment to reduce CO₂ levels by 80% by 2050 relative to the 1990 emissions baseline. The existing housing stock, which accounts for approximately 30% of total UK energy demand, has the potential to provide significant opportunities for this reduction; however, currently there are no legislative measures driving widespread low carbon housing refurbishment (LCHR) design and construction. Architects have a decisive role to move forward the LCHR agenda owing to their leadership and significant involvement in the initial briefing, conceptual and design development phases of a project, regardless of project procurement types and project sizes. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate the key challenges and incentives for achieving LCHR in England from architects’ perspectives.     

Service management in housing refurbishment: a theoretical approach

It is unusual to find that housing refurbishment projects have been undertaken with a clear focus on customer orientation directed towards the tenants, or owners of cooperative flats or condominiums. Only recently have researchers in construction management begun to look closer at the relationship between contractors and customers. To assess the scope for customer orientation in the refurbishment industry, current thinking in service management is reviewed here in an attempt to identify principles with implications for housing refurbishment. There is a consensus among service management investigators that services are intangible; other often mentioned characteristics are heterogeneity, perishability, and the inseparability of production and consumption. Except for inseparability these characteristics are valid for refurbishment. Nevertheless, features such as the long turn-round time, the number of participants, the complexity and the uncertainty, distinguish housing refurbishment from most services. There is strong empirical support for the claim that customer satisfaction increases customer loyalty and gives the service producer a positive reputation, ultimately increasing profitability. It is concluded that this insight can be interpreted operationally for housing refurbishment projects, bearing in mind that the tenant or the owner of a cooperative flat is the customer's customer.     

Periodic refurbishment and reductions in national costs to sustain dwelling services

This paper uses a simulation model to make exploratory estimates of current and potential reductions in national costs to sustain dwelling services due to refurbishment. Data and parameters are based on a typical New Zealand dwelling of lightweight timber framed construction. Dwelling service years provided by a dwelling over one year adjusted for depreciation serve as a proxy for benefits. The costs to construct one dwelling and fractions thereof serve as a proxy for the costs of maintenance, refurbishment, replacement, and new construction. Current levels of refurbishment reduce national average costs to sustain dwelling services by a magnitude of 15%. Potential reductions in national costs are modest (5%) should the housing stock be stationary, but are negligible when the expansion rate of the housing stock is as high as 2.0% per year. A decline in the expansion rate of a housing stock has a greater impact on reducing national costs than an increase in the number of cycles of refurbishment.     

夏热冬冷地区塑料窗的保温与节能经济效益分析

对夏热冬冷地区使用塑料双玻窗代替铝塑复合双玻窗所产生的节能经济效益进行差异分析，指出发展节能型塑料门窗具有良好的节能潜力和经济效益。同时，对塑料单框三玻窗和塑料单框双玻窗进行了同类似的比较，说明塑料三玻窗比塑料双玻窗具有更大的节能优势。     

通风防水坡屋面系统在旧建筑屋面翻修中的应用

介绍了爱舍宁通风防水坡屋面系统的构成、特点,对其在上海东风饭店瓦屋面翻修工程中的应用以及该整体翻修工程的施工方案、施工工艺进行了详述.