A decision support system for super tall building development

Super tall building projects commonly inherit a slow and lengthy decision making process due to financial uncertainties, in spite of large investments. However, current decision‐making practices depend upon detailed cost estimating and scheduling during the design development phase and not rough cost estimating and scheduling during the schematic design phase. Discrepancies between a project budget and program with estimated construction cost and construction period often result in architect and consultants having to perform costly re‐design work. To mitigate these issues, this study proposes a decision support system (DSS) model. An interim design development phase is introduced between the schematic design phase and the design development phase. Design alternative generation, database, cost and schedule estimation modules are developed. The design alternative generation module provides design alternatives that change proportionately in response to increases or decreases in the number of building stories. The database module is established for cost and schedule estimation modules. The cost and schedule estimation modules produce construction costs and construction period for design alternatives. Finally, the proposed DSS is validated through the case study of an ongoing real super tall building. Ultimately, the new DSS can assist project control groups in performing efficient and financially beneficial decision making in terms of construction cost and construction period. This research provides a fundamental step towards the development of the DSS for super tall building projects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of the principles of ILS to the development of cost effective maintenance strategies for existing building stock

Total spending on building maintenance in the UK has increased by 66% in the last 10 years (BMI, 1996). Total expenditure on maintenance in 1997 was £39.8 billion (BMI, 1998). Any significant reduction in building maintenance costs will therefore have a real impact on the national economy. This paper reports the results of a research project supported by the EPSRC at the University of Dundee, which sought to quantify the benefits of applying integrated logistics support (ILS) to the development of cost-effective maintenance strategies for existing building stock. ILS is a managerial and technical approach that ensures that the client/user will receive a building that will meet performance requirements (durability, reliability, maintainability, performance, etc.) at the lowest whole life cost. The principles of ILS are described and a systematic framework for selecting the most appropriate and cost-effective maintenance task for each individual element in a building is developed. The decision logic processes for identifying each failure consequence and for selecting the most applicable and cost-effective maintenance task are derived. The maintenance cost savings arising from the application of two ILS techniques - failure modes and effects analysis, and reliability centred maintenance - to a sample of 18 properties were calculated to be 18.5%.     

Application of energy rating methods to the existing building stock: Analysis of some residential buildings in Turin

The objective of this work is to contribute to the recent standardisation activity, finalized to apply the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). Through the energy assessment of some residential buildings in Turin (Italy), the work investigates the application of the calculation methods that have been specified in the recent European standard for the so-called “standard energy rating”. A comparison of the “calculated energy rating” with the “measured energy rating” is used to investigate the effect of user behaviour and weather conditions. Moreover, in order to draft the energy certificate and make an appropriate classification, the last part of the work investigates the way to find energy reference values of the building stock, through the study of the correlation between the input and the output data of an energy rating and the comparison of the analysed buildings.     

Reconstitution of the dynamics of an urban building stock

What are the patterns and influences on the lifespan of the building stock? This paper presents (1) the reconstitution of an urban building stock composed of more than 60 000 buildings, (2) the analysis of the development of this stock over a period of 180 years (constructions and demolitions), and (3) the analysis of building mortality patterns and reasons for demolition resulting from historic decisions and regimes. A method to reconstitute the stock from different data sources is presented. The mortality models take into account not only the present demolition rates and the age distribution of the ‘survivors' but also the disappeared buildings. The main results are new insights into the lifespan behaviour of buildings according to their period of construction (cohorts) as well as the reasons for demolition. The demolitions do not show specific explanation patterns, but changing influences of the construction activities over time. The average demolition age of all buildings in Zurich, Switzerland, decreased from over 200 years to fewer than 70 years. A total of 18 000 buildings have been demolished over the 180-year period. The presented methods and results can be integrated in multidimensional geographical information systems (GIS) as comprehensive planning, scenario and regulatory tools.     

The Dutch sustainable building policy: A model for developing countries?

This article explores the institutionalization of environmental policies in the Dutch building sector and the applicability of the current model to developing countries. First, it analyzes the transition of sustainable building practices in the Netherlands from the 1970s until today, exploring how these were originally embedded in a discourse on ‘de-modernization’, which attempted to improve the environmental performance of building stocks by means of self-sufficient technologies, whereas nowadays they adopt a framework of ‘ecological modernization’, with integrative approaches seeking to improve the environmental performance of building stocks through more efficient—rather than self-sufficient—technologies. The study subsequently shows how the current Dutch sustainable building framework has thereby managed to achieve a pragmatic and widely accepted rationale, which can serve to orient the ecological restructuring of building stocks in developing countries.     

溶液调湿技术在既有建筑空调系统改造中的应用

针对既有建筑空调系统改造中存在的问题,提出采用溶液调湿空调系统的改造方案,以达到降低改造难度,保证改造后空调系统节能、舒适的目的.以某大型三甲医院综合服务楼为例,对其空调效果不佳的现象进行了测试分析,对溶液调湿空调改造方案和传统改造方案进行了分析比较,指出了溶液调湿空调在既有建筑改造中应用的可行性和优势.     

建筑节能技术的现状与发展趋势

针对建筑生态节能的重要性,从能量活性建筑基础系统、智能呼吸式双层玻璃幕墙、双层架空地面、顶棚辐射制冷采暖系统等方面提出了建筑节能技术的主要手段,从而达到提高室内舒适度、节约建筑投资、节约运营成本的目的。     

对建筑工程开展QC活动存在问题分析

从QC活动的程序、QC成果的发表及原始资料的记录三方面,对建筑工程开展QC活动存在的问题进行了详细阐述,并作了分析,为QC活动小组进一步掌握并运用QC理论解决实际问题提供了帮助。     

建筑的支撑体系施工技术分析建议

近年来,随着城市化进程的推进以及城市人口的增加,城市人地矛盾日渐尖锐。在这样的背景之下,为了提升城市居民的居住质量,我国的建筑单位在项目建设的过程中加强了对于高层建筑的设计以及推广。目前,建筑单位在工程建设的过程中,为了实现建筑项目质量的提升,往往加强了对于建筑支撑体系施工技术的运用。本文基于此,分析探讨建筑支撑体系施工技术的内涵,并就该技术推广运行的作用进行了论述。     

上海市既有建筑节能改造质量保障体系

当前我国既有建筑存量约430亿平方米,大部分既有建筑热工性能较差、采暖空调能耗较高。因此我国既有建筑节能潜力巨大。上海市既有建筑存量约6．4亿平方米,其中住宅存量约3．8亿平方米。目前．上海市既有建筑节能改造工作已启动．但节能改造相关方针政策还不完善．这使既有建筑的节能改造质量缺乏有效监管。因此有必要加紧开展上海市既有建筑节能改造的研究工作。     

某既有办公建筑空调系统净化改造分析

以某既有办公建筑空调系统净化改造项目为例,通过分析项目的实际需求,提出了分别采用风机盘管和新风机组的改造方案。研究确定了室内和室外PM2.5的设计计算浓度及新风机组过滤器效率计算公式,并得出了渗透换气次数和人均新风量对选择新风机组过滤器效率的影响。通过综合对比分析不同新风机组过滤方案的优缺点,选择G4过滤器+静电过滤器+F8过滤器作为最终方案。介绍了建筑漏洞封堵、空调系统清洗、精细化运行等方面的改造措施和方法。     

A typological classification of the Greek residential building stock

Based on the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings a new regulation framework has recently been implemented in Greece, aiming at the CO₂ emissions reduction caused by the building sector. Given the fact that almost 71% of the Greek buildings were constructed before the implementation of the first Thermal Insulation Regulation (TIR), emphasis must be laid upon the existing building stock. Moreover, 83% of this stock consists of residential buildings, indicating the large potential in energy conservation. In order to plan and promote the respective energy renovation scenarios, a thorough analysis of the Greek building stock has to be carried out, especially regarding the urban built environment. In order to achieve this, a classification of the dominating multifamily building typology is being presented and characteristic examples are being studied.     

谈既有公共建筑空调系统节能改造常见方法

针对既有公共建筑中空调系统能耗占建筑能耗比重较大的问题,从空调主机、输配系统、冷却塔等方面,介绍了常见的空调系统节能改造方法,并结合工程实例,阐述了空调系统节能改造的具体方案,为既有公共建筑空调系统节能改造工程提供了思路。     

高层建筑桁架模板支撑体系施工技术

结合工程实例,从桁架梁制作、预埋件施工、排架装设等方面,阐述了高层建筑桁架模板支撑体系施工技术,并探讨了施工质量检测验收内容,提出了工程拆除作业要点,以供参考。     

Simulation-based support for product development of innovative building envelope components

A need for innovation in building envelope technologies forms a key element of technology roadmaps focusing on improvements in building energy efficiency. Many new products are being proposed and developed, but often, a lack of insights into building integration issues is an obstacle in typical product development processes.The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of expanding the application area of whole-building performance simulation and analysis towards decision-making support in the domain of research and development of such innovative building products. We propose a simulation-based approach that can help overcome several of the existing limitations.The methodology combines building performance simulation together with sensitivity analysis and structured parametric studies to provide multi-scale, multi-disciplinary information about the performance of different product variants. The strength of this computational approach lies in increased opportunity for analysis and informed decision-making on the basis of whole-building performance information, and therefore less dependence on trial and error procedures.This methodology is illustrated in an application example of a new type of switchable glazing where we give recommended directions for improved product specifications.     

A non-linear dynamic model of spatial economic development and R&D policy

This paper addresses the issue of economic development from the perspective of productivity increases generated by technological progress emerging from R&D expenditures. The long-run evolutionary path of spatial systems (countries, regions, cities etc.) is analyzed by means of a multi-regional dynamic (discrete-time) model incorporating the spatial transfer of technological change. While a positive feedback exists between R&D and economic growth, the production of new technology itself exhibits decreasing returns. Moreover, capacity constraints also limit growth. The stability conditions associated with R&D and innovation diffusion are extensively studied. It will be demonstrated that the system concerned can generate a wide range of dynamic behaviour, including chaotic evolutions of the May-type. Simulations illustrate this. For example, economic fluctuations can be amplified through innovation diffusion.     

工程项目管理公司发展的政策支持研究

本文在综述了已有的项目管理方面的法律法规和政策的基础上,借鉴国际惯例,探讨了行业主管部门和行业协会应当在项目管理市场、项目管理定位、项目管理体制和项目管理人才管理机制等几方面给予政策支持,促进我国项目管理事业的发展.     

推进装配式住宅建筑发展的策略研究

基于国内外装配式建筑的发展现状,从政策、标准、施工、经济成本等方面,阐述了装配式住宅建筑发展过程中存在的主要问题,并提出了具体的应对策略,以促进装配式住宅建筑的快速发展。     

应加大政策支持力度鼓励建材行业多“吃”工业废渣

一、前言 建筑材料随时代的发展而发展。当今人类应用的建筑材料主要分四大类：金属材料、木质及其合成材料、无机非金属材料、化学合成材料。本文讲的建材行业是指应用无机非金属矿产资源生产、加工建筑材料的行业。这个行业里面又有许多产业，如水泥、建筑玻璃、建筑陶瓷、墙体材料、水泥制品、商品混凝土、石材等。     

A conjectural variations model of strategic rivalry in state economic development policy

Using a conjectural variations model of strategic rivalry, the paper examines the implications of regional policies aimed at creating local employment, given that many regions are pursuing the same policies. Among its results is an explanation for the recent, dramatic shift in regional policy emphasis at the local level from traditional locational subsidy scheme to create jobs to policies that use the tax, expenditure, and regulatory authority of government to improve factor markets (primarily labor quality) and enhance the technological capabilities of the regions. The analysis illustrates that while regional locational subsidy competition is not necessarily a zero sum game, a strategy of using local public sector resources to enhance regional competitiveness, under some circumstances, is superior.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Western Regional Science Association Annual Meeting in San Diego, California, February 1989. The authors would like to thank G. F. Mulligan for his valuable comments.