世界遗产视角下“水文化遗产”的保护 历程及类型特征

基于对"水文化遗产"概念及内涵的分析,比较了世界遗产、世界灌溉工程遗产、世界水管理系统遗产和全球重要农业文化遗产对"水文化遗产"概念理解的异同。筛选并分析1978—2019年《世界遗产名录》(以下简称《名录》)中与水相关的文化遗产(含自然与文化混合遗产、文化景观)项目,将其保护历程归纳为"水利文物保护""水利景观保护""水管理遗产保护""水文化遗产保护"4个阶段。基于《名录》中"水文化遗产"的存在形态对其进行分类。最后提出"水文化遗产"的价值识别和评估应构建更加科学的体系。     

城市绿地对居民身心健康福祉满意度影响研究

城市绿地是人工与自然耦合的城市景观之一,是改善居民居住环境的重要组成部分.城市绿地的利用是提高居民身心健康及幸福指数的有效途径.为验证城市绿地对居民的影响因素及其影响程度,以杭州市主城区内所有大于l hm2的绿地为研究对象,在对665位居民进行问卷调查的基础上,利用ArcGIS技术分析杭州主城区绿地空间布局,应用似不相...     

建成环境满意度对乡村新型社区居民自评健康的影响分析——以成都市远郊 4 个社区为例

在健康城市研究领域,对健康城市社区建成环境的研究居多,而对健康乡村社区建成环境的研究不足,将个体自评健康应用到健康乡村的研究对促进健康村镇研究具有积极意义。选取四川省成都市蒲江县4个新村社区作为乡村新型社区典型案例,开展以村民个体为单位的问卷调查,获取411份问卷样本数据。基于此,分析乡村新型社区居民自评健康结果的特点,探析建成环境对居民自评健康的影响。研究显示,在乡村新型社区建成环境中,显著影响居民自评健康的环境感知指标为：住房质量、交通条件设施、体育健身设施、幼托设施、村庄内绿化和卫生环境的满意度。结合田野调查和深度访谈,从健康角度提出了乡村社区规划设计的建议。     

城市绿道使用对居民健康的影响研究——以武汉东湖绿道为例

城市绿色空间对于改善居民健康具有重要作用。以武汉东湖绿道为例,基于2019年东湖绿道周边居民的体力活动和健康效应调查,通过控制受访者个体社会经济特征和邻里建成环境因素,运用结构方程模型实证探究城市绿道使用对居民生理和心理健康的影响,并鉴别各影响因素之间的相互作用关系。结果显示,绿道使用通过完全中介作用间接影响居民生理健康,通过部分中介作用影响居民心理健康;体力活动、社会凝聚力、满意度及情绪状况等因素相互作用,在绿道使用与居民健康的关系中发挥了显著中介作用。此外,年龄、收入、职业状况、土地利用混合度、公交站点、公园绿地等因素对居民健康也具有显著影响。建议通过提升绿道可达性及满意度、改善绿道周边小区邻里环境、促进绿道使用公平性,提升居民健康水平。     

基于有序Probit模型的遗产地居民步行环境满意度研究——以鼓浪屿为例

遗产地发展过程中常常面临原住民流失、文化衰败等问题,解决这些问题对遗产保护与活化具有重要意义。原住民是物质空间与文化内涵的纽带,研究居民空间质量感知是应对遗产地内涵流失问题的关键切入点,开展步行环境分析是塑造高质量人居环境的有力抓手。以鼓浪屿为例,通过问卷调查获取居民步行环境属性满意度及整体质量评价,以调查数据为基础建立有序概率模型,测度街道各属性的相对重要性,判断影响居民整体感知的最重要因素,再通过重要性-满意度分析确定最需要进行改进的属性,增强对居民步行环境需求的理解。结果表明,连通性和舒适性是影响居民整体感知的最重要因素,连通性需要优先提升。将文化、景观与空间相联系,从居民感知出发进行空间分析,以期为居民提供理想生活环境,同时为遗产地制定切实可行的政策措施提供依据。     

“They have good intentions”. Young People's Experiences of Living in Melbourne's Peri-Urban Areas

While contemporary urban theories suggest that individuals have transcended their geographical community, evidence suggests that urban residents still feel ‘attached’ to place. In the literature, several socio-demographic characteristics are associated with place attachment. Scholars suggest physical features, such as community ‘greenspace’, may also influence place attachment. Yet research does not consider the relationship between one's objective proximity to greenspace or the objective availability of community greenspace on residents' place attachment. This study employs multi-level models and draws on police incident data, census data, two spatial data sets and survey data from over 4000 residents living across 148 state suburbs in Australia to assess the relationship between greenspace proximity and greenspace availability on place attachment. Our findings indicate that greater proportions and more accessible greenspace may not improve residents' attachment to their local community.     

开放共享背景下城市公园绿地露营 满意度评价——以广州为例

：随着城市居民亲近自然的户外活动需求日益增长， 出现了在城市公园中开展露营活动的新现象，因此有必要探讨 城市公园如何更好地支撑露营活动的开展。从游客满意度视角 出发，通过构建城市公园露营满意度指标体系，基于在广州部 分城市公园获取的问卷调查数据，运用IPA-Kano模型对城市 公园承载露营活动的满意度进行评价。研究表明：基本型要素 包括从公园入口到露营点的方便程度、随身财物的安全、消防 安全、疫情防控措施、露营区域的空间充足程度、露营区域的 私密性/嘈杂程度、露营区域的树荫、开放区域大小和草坪的 保养维护水平，是最需要改善的要素；关键性绩效型要素包括 停车方便程度和蛇虫叮咬，是第二优先级的待改善要素；不同 要素的露营满意度在不同类型公园间存在差异。旨在提高城市 公园满足居民露营需求的能力，以期为城市公园绿地的开放共 享方式提供参考借鉴。     

信息化背景下城镇社区科普信息化需求度和满意度现状研究——以重庆市城镇社区调研实证研究分析为例

进入互联网信息时代,科普事业的环境也发生了变化。信息化背景下的社区科普工作的改革,应更能满足城镇居民的需求。通过对当前城镇居民对社区科普的需求度和满意度的调查和分析,探索性地提出相关建议,为社区科普工作有效开展提出了具体的意见。     

基于联合分析法的城市住区绿地雨水设施 居民喜好度研究

城市化进程带来如城市内涝等诸多环境问题,使得海绵城市和低影响开发成为热点。城市住区绿地作为城市绿地的一个重要类型,既是住区居民重要的景观游憩场地,也是海绵城市低影响开发的重要海绵体,是兼具径流绩效和景观绩效等综合绩效的复合设施。如何让雨水设施在发挥径流绩效的同时兼具满足居民需求的景观绩效,是目前相关研究的难点和热点。居民喜好度的研究是住区绿地雨水设施景观绩效优化提升的重要方法之一。通过联合分析法,遴选雨水收集、雨水转输和雨水调蓄3个环节的源头减排雨水设施,模拟江南住区中心绿地雨水设施场景收集居民评价,进行不同居民群体的设施喜好度效用值相关性统计和住区绿地不同类型雨水设施效用值及相对重要性分析。并通过走访、文献查阅解析所得数据,为住区绿地雨水设施景观绩效提升和低影响开发设计提供启示和借鉴。     

Prioritizing urban rivers' ecosystem services: An importance-performance analysis

The importance-performance analysis (IPA) has been developed and widely utilized to understand customer satisfaction and prioritize provision strategies based on the assumption that satisfaction is resultant from a preference (perceived importance) for a service and a relevant judgment of its performance. However, little work has been performed to examine to what degree different social groups are satisfied with diverse ecosystem services provided by urban rivers, being a unique yet underinvested public good. This study pioneers the IPA application to systematically analyze local communities' perceived importance of urban rivers' ecosystem services and their perceptions about how well those ecosystem services have been provided by urban rivers in Guangzhou (south China). We found notable importance-performance gaps for 10 out of 12 ecosystem services. The local residents were more dissatisfied with provision performance than the non-locals even though both groups of residents could explicitly recognize the importance of urban rivers' ecosystem services. Enhancement of water purification was ranked first amongst all ecosystem services by all respondents, irrespective of respondents' hukou status (Chinese household registration system) and residing environment. Thus, this ecosystem service should be prioritized in relevant management and restoration initiatives. These data provide an accurate picture of potential approaches for the improvement and prioritization of ecosystem services that would satisfy the respective target groups' needs. The IPA offers a mechanism to help match local residents' needs with ecosystem services provision. The IPA also has promise as a means of helping decision-makers and practitioners to communicate effectively with various social groups holding diverging expectations and levels of satisfaction. Such communication is essential to curate urban spaces enjoyed and appreciated by diverse social groups via inclusive urban ecosystem governance.     

How does perception of nearby nature affect multiple aspects of neighbourhood satisfaction and use patterns?

Neighbourhood satisfaction and use of outdoor green spaces play a significant role in life satisfaction and well-being of urban residents. This study enhances our understanding of these factors by examining specific attributes of the nearby outdoor environment that pertain to planning and design recommendations. A random sample of 434 residents from four Chicago communities participated in a survey incorporating perception of various aspects of environmental attributes as well as multiple dimensions of neighbourhood satisfaction and use patterns. Using multiple regression modelling, the results demonstrated that satisfaction with quality of public spaces, amount of affordances provided by them and neighbourhood comfort are strongly influenced by the physical attributes and content of walking-distance outdoor spaces. Understanding residents' perception of planning and design-related attributes of the environment through an evidence-based approach can significantly contribute to more effective decisions, leading ultimately to fewer gaps between what people need and what is offered to them in outdoor settings.     

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下居住区绿地对居民心理健康影响的实证研究

As one of the frequently used green spaces of urban residents, residential green spaces have a positive effect on people’s mental health status. In order to understand the impact of residential green spaces on citizens’ mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic, this study collected the sociodemographic data of 556 residents from 15 residential communities in Hefei New Municipal and Culture District, Anhui Province, China in March, 2020 through online questionnaires, then adopted the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10 Scale) to evaluate the residents’ mental health status, and used GIMP Grid to quantify the green view index of residential green spaces outside the windows. Besides, a multiple linear regression model was used to explore the correlations between residential green spaces and residents’ mental health status. The findings show that green coverage ratio, satisfaction of the landscapes of green space, green view index outside the window, and green viewing duration of the residential green spaces have positive effects on residents’ mental health status. The study verifies the benefits of residential green spaces to promoting resident’s mental health status under COVID-19, providing a scientific guidance for the future practice of urban construction.     

Exploring preference homogeneity and heterogeneity for proximity to urban public services

Given that the majority of the world's population lives in urban places, the quality of the urban environment has emerged as an issue of fundamental concern for citizens, academic researchers, and policy makers. This study explores residents' preferences and valuation of living in proximity to urban amenities in the built environment. The study demonstrates that environmental evaluation techniques can be used as a tool to help relevant decision makers (e.g., urban managers, developers, city officials, planners, realtors and researchers) with policy making, effective decision making and efficient city management procedures. The models indicate how household preference for proximity to urban amenities change as a function of the cost of provision as exemplified by a change (increase or decrease) in annual property tax. The study reports the results for two different models: one which assumes preference homogeneity and the other preference heterogeneity in the sampled population. The results show that older residents and higher educated people are more likely to be willing to pay a higher property tax for having proximity to parks. Middle and low income residents prefer close proximity to bus stops and local shopping centres. This research suggests that a win-win strategy for residents and local government lies in increasing and maintaining residents' accessibility to urban amenities, and in increasing an urban area's sustainability.     

智慧社区居民的科普现状及需求研究——基于全国849份问卷的分析

了解在智慧社区建设和社区科普信息化双重背景下城市社区居民的智慧科普现状,掌握城市社区居民在科普渠道、内容和形式等方面的需求,探寻实现城市社区智慧科普、精准科普的有效途径和方法。通过对全国849份问卷调查的统计显示,居民科普需求集中在生存和生活层面、使用智慧平台(程序)频繁、居民从社区中获取科普知识有限、社区科普的满意度有待提高。为此,要以居民需求为导向,提供智慧化的精准服务,创新社区科普形式和渠道,完善社区与居民双向互动机制,整合社会组织和辖区单位的科普资源。     

居民归属感、邻里交往和社区参与的机制分析*——以广州市城中村改造为例

当前各地城市出现大量城中村改造项目,城中村居民的社会融合问题备受关注。基于2010-2013年广州典型城中村和复建房社区的问卷数据,主要采用计量研究方法,探讨改造对居民归属感、邻里交往和社区参与的作用机制。实证表明,改造对居民社区情感有重要影响,正全面重塑其影响机制:复建房社区的归属感远高于城中村社区,其归属感主要受"居住满意度"影响;邻里熟悉度主要受"与未成年子女同住"、"教育程度"和"居住年限"等因素影响;邻里互助主要受"人均家庭收入"影响;而社区参与度则主要受"户籍"影响。此外,复建房社区中的社区归属感、邻里熟悉和邻里互助三者与社区参与的相互作用力有所减弱。本文指出,城中村改造的后续工作应把重点置于复建房社区内各群体的社区融合之上,着力培育社区情感。     

Does satisfactory neighbourhood environment lead to a satisfying life? An investigation of the association between neighbourhood environment and life satisfaction in Beijing

Associated with the dramatic expansion of Chinese cities are the unprecedented scale and pace of changes to urban living environment. There is an imperative to assess residents' perceptions of neighbourhood environment and the impacts on life satisfaction. Drawing on a large-scale residential satisfaction survey conducted in Beijing in 2013, we examine the fine-grained spatial distribution and determinants of residents' life satisfaction. A multilevel ordinal response model is employed to investigate the roles of neighbourhood satisfaction, perceived relative income, socio-demographic characteristics, and contextual factors in predicting life satisfaction. Results show that satisfaction with key neighbourhood characteristics including safety, physical and social environments, and travel convenience is statistically significantly associated with life satisfaction. Income relative to that of peers in local areas or to that in the past is a more important predictor of life satisfaction than absolute income. Other individual-level variables, such as age, family structure, hukou status, health, commuting time, and housing-related variables including housing tenure and floor space, are significant correlates of life satisfaction.     

From Prosperity to Disappearance:Social and Spatial Transformation of Shuangqiao Village in the City of Ningbo,China

In the process of gradual transitioning from a planned economy to a market economy, villages in China have experienced dramatic social and spatial transformation. However, among the abundant literature of the formation and regeneration strategies of urban villages, few of them are on the complete life cycle of an urban village. In order to provide a case for better understanding the social and spatial transformation in China's urban villages, with the help of fieldwork and government statistics, this paper examines the social and spatial dynamics of the Shuangqiao Village in China's Ningbo City. The study includes its prosperity, resulting from studentification, and its disappearance, stemming from urban regeneration, both from a perspective of a complete life cycle analysis. In light of this case study, the paper in the end proposes possible planning measures for urban regeneration.     

Atlanta's Last Demolitions and Relocations: The Relationship Between Neighborhood Characteristics and Resident Satisfaction

Using data from an Atlanta-based longitudinal study following 311 public housing residents relocated between 2009 and 2010 as the city's housing authority demolished its remaining public housing, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between changes in relocated residents' satisfaction with home and neighborhood and the socioeconomic, racial composition, and crime characteristics of their destination neighborhood. Consistent with previous research, we find that residents moved to somewhat safer neighborhoods with less poverty than those of the public housing. In addition, we find that residents view their new homes and neighborhoods as improvements over public housing. However, subjective pre- to postmove changes in satisfaction are not driven by changes in neighborhood characteristics (i.e., reductions in poverty and crime), but rather by decreases in perceived social disorder and increases in community attachment. Thus, our findings challenge some of the assumptions of poverty deconcentration. Policy implications are discussed.     

Does Social Capital Affect Residents' Propensity to Move from Restructured Neighbourhoods?

Many Dutch post-war neighbourhoods are subject to intensive urban restructuring. Demolition and new housing construction combined with social and economic programmes should improve the housing stock, liveability and social capital. Currently, it is unknown whether social capital contributes to residential stability and reduces residents' propensity to move. In this paper, social capital levels of stayers, movers and newcomers are studied in two recently restructured neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Using survey data, social capital is operationalised as benefits of everyday cursory interactions, trust, shared norms and collective action. Logistic regression analysis shows that age, length of residency, employment, income, dwelling satisfaction, dwelling type and perceived neighbourhood quality significantly predict residents' propensity to move. Newcomers are more inclined to move again than stayers and other movers. Social capital is of less importance than suggested by previous research; housing features, satisfaction and neighbourhood perception affect residents' propensity to move much more strongly. The paper concludes with policy implications and suggestions for future research.     

广州从化溪头古村保护利用模式的探索

溪头村是一个拥有丰富自然生态环境和古朴岭南文化风貌的山中古村。在社会转型过程中,溪头村经历了从空心村、贫困村到充满活力、自然与人文遗产得到有效保护与利用的巨大转变,回顾历程,溪头村保护与发展规划在其中起到了关键的指导作用。文章通过对溪头村规划核心思想的解读,对保护活化成功经验的总结,归纳古村转型中从坚持政府主导到鼓励村民参与,从公共政策提出到规划策略变为乡规民约的实施等一系列较为成功的措施,以期为我国传统村落的保护活化工作提供一定的借鉴。